史上最简单的SpringCloud教程 | 第六篇: 分布式配置中心(Spring Cloud Config)

今天药忘吃喽~ 2022-06-16 23:47 242阅读 0赞

转载请标明出处:
https://www.fangzhipeng.com/springcloud/2017/06/06/sc06-config.html
本文出自方志朋的博客

个人博客纯净版:https://www.fangzhipeng.com/springcloud/2017/06/06/sc06-config.html

最新Finchley版本:
https://www.fangzhipeng.com/springcloud/2018/08/06/sc-f6-config.html
或者
http://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/81041028

在上一篇文章讲述zuul的时候,已经提到过,使用配置服务来保存各个服务的配置文件。它就是Spring Cloud Config。

一、简介

在分布式系统中,由于服务数量巨多,为了方便服务配置文件统一管理,实时更新,所以需要分布式配置中心组件。在Spring Cloud中,有分布式配置中心组件spring cloud config ,它支持配置服务放在配置服务的内存中(即本地),也支持放在远程Git仓库中。在spring cloud config 组件中,分两个角色,一是config server,二是config client。

二、构建Config Server

创建一个spring-boot项目,取名为config-server,其pom.xml:

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  3. xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  4. <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  5. <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
  6. <artifactId>config-server</artifactId>
  7. <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  8. <packaging>jar</packaging>
  9. <name>config-server</name>
  10. <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
  11. <parent>
  12. <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  13. <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
  14. <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
  15. <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  16. </parent>
  17. <properties>
  18. <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  19. <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
  20. <java.version>1.8</java.version>
  21. </properties>
  22. <dependencies>
  23. <dependency>
  24. <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  25. <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
  26. </dependency>
  27. <dependency>
  28. <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  29. <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  30. <scope>test</scope>
  31. </dependency>
  32. <dependency>
  33. <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  34. <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
  35. </dependency>
  36. </dependencies>
  37. <dependencyManagement>
  38. <dependencies>
  39. <dependency>
  40. <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  41. <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
  42. <version>Camden.SR6</version>
  43. <type>pom</type>
  44. <scope>import</scope>
  45. </dependency>
  46. </dependencies>
  47. </dependencyManagement>
  48. <build>
  49. <plugins>
  50. <plugin>
  51. <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  52. <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  53. </plugin>
  54. </plugins>
  55. </build>
  56. <repositories>
  57. <repository>
  58. <id>spring-milestones</id>
  59. <name>Spring Milestones</name>
  60. <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
  61. <snapshots>
  62. <enabled>false</enabled>
  63. </snapshots>
  64. </repository>
  65. </repositories>
  66. </project>

在程序的入口Application类加上@EnableConfigServer注解开启配置服务器的功能,代码如下:

  1. @SpringBootApplication
  2. @EnableConfigServer
  3. public class ConfigServerApplication {
  4. public static void main(String[] args) {
  5. SpringApplication.run(ConfigServerApplication.class, args);
  6. }
  7. }

需要在程序的配置文件application.properties文件配置以下:

  1. spring.application.name=config-server
  2. server.port=8888
  3. spring.cloud.config.server.git.uri=https://github.com/forezp/SpringcloudConfig/
  4. spring.cloud.config.server.git.searchPaths=respo
  5. spring.cloud.config.label=master
  6. spring.cloud.config.server.git.username=your username
  7. spring.cloud.config.server.git.password=your password
  • spring.cloud.config.server.git.uri:配置git仓库地址
  • spring.cloud.config.server.git.searchPaths:配置仓库路径
  • spring.cloud.config.label:配置仓库的分支
  • spring.cloud.config.server.git.username:访问git仓库的用户名
  • spring.cloud.config.server.git.password:访问git仓库的用户密码

如果Git仓库为公开仓库,可以不填写用户名和密码,如果是私有仓库需要填写,本例子是公开仓库,放心使用。

远程仓库https://github.com/forezp/SpringcloudConfig/ 中有个文件config-client-dev.properties文件中有一个属性:

foo = foo version 3

启动程序:访问http://localhost:8888/foo/dev

  1. {"name":"foo","profiles":["dev"],"label":"master",
  2. "version":"792ffc77c03f4b138d28e89b576900ac5e01a44b","state":null,"propertySources":[]}

证明配置服务中心可以从远程程序获取配置信息。

http请求地址和资源文件映射如下:

  • /{application}/{profile}[/{label}]
  • /{application}-{profile}.yml
  • /{label}/{application}-{profile}.yml
  • /{application}-{profile}.properties
  • /{label}/{application}-{profile}.properties

三、构建一个config client

重新创建一个springboot项目,取名为config-client,其pom文件:

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  3. xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  4. <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  5. <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
  6. <artifactId>config-client</artifactId>
  7. <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  8. <packaging>jar</packaging>
  9. <name>config-client</name>
  10. <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
  11. <parent>
  12. <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  13. <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
  14. <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
  15. <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  16. </parent>
  17. <properties>
  18. <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  19. <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
  20. <java.version>1.8</java.version>
  21. </properties>
  22. <dependencies>
  23. <dependency>
  24. <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  25. <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
  26. </dependency>
  27. <dependency>
  28. <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  29. <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  30. </dependency>
  31. <dependency>
  32. <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  33. <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  34. <scope>test</scope>
  35. </dependency>
  36. </dependencies>
  37. <dependencyManagement>
  38. <dependencies>
  39. <dependency>
  40. <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  41. <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
  42. <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
  43. <type>pom</type>
  44. <scope>import</scope>
  45. </dependency>
  46. </dependencies>
  47. </dependencyManagement>
  48. <build>
  49. <plugins>
  50. <plugin>
  51. <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  52. <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  53. </plugin>
  54. </plugins>
  55. </build>
  56. <repositories>
  57. <repository>
  58. <id>spring-milestones</id>
  59. <name>Spring Milestones</name>
  60. <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
  61. <snapshots>
  62. <enabled>false</enabled>
  63. </snapshots>
  64. </repository>
  65. </repositories>
  66. </project>

其配置文件bootstrap.properties

  1. spring.application.name=config-client
  2. spring.cloud.config.label=master
  3. spring.cloud.config.profile=dev
  4. spring.cloud.config.uri= http://localhost:8888/
  5. server.port=8881
  • spring.cloud.config.label 指明远程仓库的分支
  • spring.cloud.config.profile

    • dev开发环境配置文件
    • test测试环境
    • pro正式环境
  • spring.cloud.config.uri= http://localhost:8888/ 指明配置服务中心的网址。

程序的入口类,写一个API接口“/hi”,返回从配置中心读取的foo变量的值,代码如下:

  1. @SpringBootApplication
  2. @RestController
  3. public class ConfigClientApplication {
  4. public static void main(String[] args) {
  5. SpringApplication.run(ConfigClientApplication.class, args);
  6. }
  7. @Value("${foo}")
  8. String foo;
  9. @RequestMapping(value = "/hi")
  10. public String hi(){
  11. return foo;
  12. }
  13. }

打开网址访问:http://localhost:8881/hi,网页显示:

foo version 3

这就说明,config-client从config-server获取了foo的属性,而config-server是从git仓库读取的,如图:

在这里插入图片描述

本文源码下载:
https://github.com/forezp/SpringCloudLearning/tree/master/chapter6

四、参考资料

spring_cloud_config

更多阅读

史上最简单的 SpringCloud 教程汇总

SpringBoot教程汇总

Java面试题系列汇总

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