centos7.3+nginx1.8+php7.1+mysql5.7 安装（三安装mysql）

偏执的太偏执、 2022-06-14 05:44 161阅读 0赞

## 1、配置YUM源 ##

在[MySQL][]官网中下载YUM源rpm安装包：[http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/][http_dev.mysql.com_downloads_repo_yum]   
![MySQL YUM源下载地址][MySQL YUM]

# 下载mysql源安装包
    shell> wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
    # 安装mysql源
    shell> yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
     
      
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检查[mysql][MySQL]源是否安装成功

shell> yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
     
      
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![检查mysql源安装是否正确][mysql]   
看到上图所示表示安装成功。   
可以修改`vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo`源，改变默认安装的mysql版本。比如要安装5.6版本，将5.7源的enabled=1改成enabled=0。然后再将5.6源的enabled=0改成enabled=1即可。改完之后的效果如下所示：   
![这里写图片描述][20160917131402303]

## 2、安装MySQL ##

shell> yum install mysql-community-server
     
      
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## 3、启动MySQL服务 ##

shell> systemctl start mysqld
     
      
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查看MySQL的启动状态

shell> systemctl status mysqld
    ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: active (running) since 五 2016-06-24 04:37:37 CST; 35min ago
     Main PID: 2888 (mysqld)
       CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
               └─2888 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    
    6月 24 04:37:36 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
    6月 24 04:37:37 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
     
      
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## 4、开机启动 ##

shell> systemctl enable mysqld
    shell> systemctl daemon-reload
     
      
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## 5、修改root本地登录密码 ##

mysql安装完成之后，在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中给root生成了一个默认密码。通过下面的方式找到root默认密码，然后登录mysql进行修改：

shell> grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
     
      
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![root默认密码][root]

shell> mysql -uroot -p
    mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!'; 
     
      
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或者

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('MyNewPass4!'); 
     
      
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注意：mysql5.7默认安装了密码安全检查插件（validate\_password），默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含：大小写字母、数字和特殊符号，并且长度不能少于8位。否则会提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements错误，如下图所示：   
![密码策略提示][20160625180651378]

通过msyql环境变量可以查看密码策略的相关信息：

mysql> show variables like '%password%';
     
      
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![mysql密码策略][mysql 1]   
validate\_password\_policy：密码策略，默认为MEDIUM策略   
validate\_password\_dictionary\_file：密码策略文件，策略为STRONG才需要   
validate\_password\_length：密码最少长度   
validate\_password\_mixed\_case\_count：大小写字符长度，至少1个   
validate\_password\_number\_count ：数字至少1个   
validate\_password\_special\_char\_count：特殊字符至少1个   
上述参数是默认策略MEDIUM的密码检查规则。

共有以下几种密码策略：

<table style="width:946px; border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:1px solid rgb(238,238,238); color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:'microsoft yahei'; font-size:14px; line-height:26px"> 
 <thead style=""> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <th style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid rgb(238,238,238)"> 策略</th> 
   <th style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid rgb(238,238,238)"> 检查规则</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody style=""> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid rgb(238,238,238)"> 0 or LOW</td> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid rgb(238,238,238)"> Length</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid rgb(238,238,238)"> 1 or MEDIUM</td> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid rgb(238,238,238)"> Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid rgb(238,238,238)"> 2 or STRONG</td> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid rgb(238,238,238)"> Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

MySQL官网密码策略详细说明：[http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/validate-password-options-variables.html\#sysvar\_validate\_password\_policy][http_dev.mysql.com_doc_refman_5.7_en_validate-password-options-variables.html_sysvar_validate_password_policy]

### 修改密码策略 ###

在/etc/my.cnf文件添加validate\_password\_policy配置，指定密码策略

# 选择0（LOW），1（MEDIUM），2（STRONG）其中一种，选择2需要提供密码字典文件
    validate_password_policy=0
     
      
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如果不需要密码策略，添加my.cnf文件中添加如下配置禁用即可：

validate_password = off
     
      
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重新启动mysql服务使配置生效：

systemctl restart mysqld
     
      
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## 6、添加远程登录用户 ##

默认只允许root帐户在本地登录，如果要在其它机器上连接mysql，必须修改root允许远程连接，或者添加一个允许远程连接的帐户，为了安全起见，我添加一个新的帐户：

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'yangxin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Yangxin0917!' WITH GRANT OPTION;
     
      
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## 7、配置默认编码为utf8 ##

修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件，在\[mysqld\]下添加编码配置，如下所示：

[client] default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysql] default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysqld]
    
    
    character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
    character-set-server = utf8mb4
    collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci
    init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
     
      
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重新启动mysql服务，查看[数据库][MySQL]默认编码如下所示：

//数据库字符集等

`show variables``like'``character``%';`

//排序字符集

`show variables like 'collation%';`

--------------------

默认配置文件路径：   
配置文件：/etc/my.cnf   
日志文件：/var/log//var/log/mysqld.log   
服务启动脚本：/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service   
socket文件：/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

[MySQL]: http://lib.csdn.net/base/mysql
[http_dev.mysql.com_downloads_repo_yum]: http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
[MySQL YUM]: /images/20220614/35a593631df24e15b3ee5937676feb5e.png
[mysql]: /images/20220614/8a96c887ad0349fabeedb4e53942993e.png
[20160917131402303]: /images/20220614/eb0164d343574b5f870f3c276fd6fde9.png
[root]: /images/20220614/5f5876c5db714991a62d309bc1fab892.png
[20160625180651378]: /images/20220614/868dd0342a1742bfbbcd24730107d226.png
[mysql 1]: /images/20220614/865bd22b791d4893a2b54d4142631c68.png
[http_dev.mysql.com_doc_refman_5.7_en_validate-password-options-variables.html_sysvar_validate_password_policy]: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/validate-password-options-variables.html#sysvar_validate_password_policy