Android 6.0动态权限及小米（MIUI）权限的特殊处理

小鱼儿 2022-06-07 00:20 949阅读 0赞

*   *   *  前言
         *  常规操作权限的页面及流程
         *  权限说明
         *  权限授取流程
         *  小米权限特殊处理
         *  各个android操作系统跳转到设置页面的公共方法
         *  总结

### 前言 ###

从android6.0之后，android对用户的权限进行相对教严格的管控，针对重要的权限，用户在第一安装并使用的时候，系统以弹框的形式向用户获取，用户的权限授取直接关乎着应用是否能正常使用对应的功能；因此这里对android 6.0之后的动态权限获取进行整理并记录备忘；由于国内的android系统各大手机厂商都有所定制；对于6.0之后权限，小米系统是存在2个地方的权限授取，必须2个地方都启动，才能正常使用；因此带来了一些不必要的坑;这里一起进行整理记录

不多说，先上代码及效果图

*  **源码**  
    [源码下载][Link 1]
 *  **效果图**
    
     *  允许授权  
        ![SouthEast][]
     *  二次授权  
        ![SouthEast 1][]

### 常规操作权限的页面及流程 ###

为了不影响用户的正使用，我们一般都会在应用的启动页对该应用所用到的所有权限进行授权；避免用户在使用过程中还存在权限授取的动作，具体流程如下:

*  **用户第一次使用并允许授权的流程**  
    ![SouthEast 2][]
 *  **如果用户第一次使用的时候，取消了部分关键授权，直接影响到app的使用的二次授权流程**  
    ![SouthEast 3][]
 *  **如果用户第一次使用的时候，取消了部分关键授权，针对小米MIUI5以上的系统的授权流程**  
    ![SouthEast 4][]

### 权限说明 ###

*  **普通权限**  
    直接在AndroidManifest.xml中获取即可
    
     *  ACCESS\_LOCATION\_EXTRA\_COMMANDS
     *  ACCESS\_NETWORK\_STATE
     *  ACCESS\_NOTIFICATION\_POLICY
     *  ACCESS\_WIFI\_STATE
     *  BLUETOOTH
     *  BLUETOOTH\_ADMIN
     *  BROADCAST\_STICKY
     *  CHANGE\_NETWORK\_STATE
     *  CHANGE\_WIFI\_MULTICAST\_STATE
     *  CHANGE\_WIFI\_STATE
     *  DISABLE\_KEYGUARD
     *  EXPAND\_STATUS\_BAR
     *  GET\_PACKAGE\_SIZE
     *  INSTALL\_SHORTCUT
     *  INTERNET
     *  KILL\_BACKGROUND\_PROCESSES
     *  MODIFY\_AUDIO\_SETTINGS
     *  NFC
     *  READ\_SYNC\_SETTINGS
     *  READ\_SYNC\_STATS
     *  RECEIVE\_BOOT\_COMPLETED
     *  REORDER\_TASKS
     *  REQUEST\_IGNORE\_BATTERY\_OPTIMIZATIONS
     *  REQUEST\_INSTALL\_PACKAGES
     *  SET\_ALARM
     *  SET\_TIME\_ZONE
     *  SET\_WALLPAPER
     *  SET\_WALLPAPER\_HINTS
     *  TRANSMIT\_IR
     *  UNINSTALL\_SHORTCUT
     *  USE\_FINGERPRINT
     *  VIBRATE
     *  WAKE\_LOCK
     *  WRITE\_SYNC\_SETTINGS
 *  **危险权限**，需要动态申请的权限  
    ![SouthEast 5][]

### 权限授取流程 ###

*  **检测是否是6.0以上的系统**  
    Build.VERSION.SDK\_INT >= 23
 *  **检测权限是否开启**
    
        /** * 检测权限 * * @return true 所需权限全部授取 false 存在未授权的权限 */
            public boolean isAllGranted() {
                /** * 第 1 步: 检查是否有相应的权限 */
                boolean isAllGranted = checkPermissionAllGranted(
                        new String[]{
                                Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE,
                                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
                                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
                                Manifest.permission.CAMERA,
                                Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                                Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
                        }
                );
        
                return isAllGranted;
            }
        
                /** * 检查是否拥有指定的所有权限 */
            private boolean checkPermissionAllGranted(String[] permissions) {
                for (String permission : permissions) {
                    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                        // 只要有一个权限没有被授予, 则直接返回 false
                        return false;
                    }
                }
                return true;
            }
 *  **授权多个权限**
    
        // 一次请求多个权限, 如果其他有权限是已经授予的将会自动忽略掉
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(
            this,
            new String[]{
                Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE,
                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
                Manifest.permission.CAMERA,
                Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
                },
                MY_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE
            );
 *  **所有权限授取之后的回调**
    
        @Override
            public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
                super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        
                if (requestCode == MY_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE) {
                    boolean isAllGranted = true;
        
                    // 判断是否所有的权限都已经授予了
                    for (int grant : grantResults) {
                        if (grant != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                            isAllGranted = false;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
        
                    if (isAllGranted) {
                        // 如果所有的权限都授予了, 跳转到主页
                        gotoHomeActivity();
                    } else {
                        // 弹出对话框告诉用户需要权限的原因, 并引导用户去应用权限管理中手动打开权限按钮
                        openAppDetails();
                    }
                }
            }

### 小米权限特殊处理 ###

*  **判断是否是小米系统**
    
        /** * 检查手机是否是miui系统 * * @return */
        
            public boolean isMIUI() {
                String device = Build.MANUFACTURER;
                System.out.println("Build.MANUFACTURER = " + device);
                if (device.equals("Xiaomi")) {
                    System.out.println("this is a xiaomi device");
                    Properties prop = new Properties();
                    try {
                        prop.load(new FileInputStream(new File(Environment.getRootDirectory(), "build.prop")));
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        return false;
                    }
                    return prop.getProperty(KEY_MIUI_VERSION_CODE, null) != null
                            || prop.getProperty(KEY_MIUI_VERSION_NAME, null) != null
                            || prop.getProperty(KEY_MIUI_INTERNAL_STORAGE, null) != null;
                } else {
                    return false;
                }
            }
 *  **判断授权管理界面中的权限授取**  
    这里需要注意的是需要对权限进行一个个的判断，无法像上面一样用个集合就进行判断了；具体应用需要那些这里就去判断那些就好了。
    
        /** * 判断小米MIUI系统中授权管理中对应的权限授取 * * @return false 存在核心的未收取的权限 true 核心权限已经全部授权 */
            public boolean initMiuiPermission() {
                AppOpsManager appOpsManager = (AppOpsManager) getSystemService(Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE);
                int locationOp = appOpsManager.checkOp(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION, Binder.getCallingUid(), getPackageName());
                if (locationOp == AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED) {
                    return false;
                }
        
                int cameraOp = appOpsManager.checkOp(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_CAMERA, Binder.getCallingUid(), getPackageName());
                if (cameraOp == AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED) {
                    return false;
                }
        
                int phoneStateOp = appOpsManager.checkOp(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_READ_PHONE_STATE, Binder.getCallingUid(), getPackageName());
                if (phoneStateOp == AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED) {
                    return false;
                }
        
                int readSDOp = appOpsManager.checkOp(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Binder.getCallingUid(), getPackageName());
                if (readSDOp == AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED) {
                    return false;
                }
        
                int writeSDOp = appOpsManager.checkOp(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Binder.getCallingUid(), getPackageName());
                if (writeSDOp == AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED) {
                    return false;
                }
                return true;
            }
 *  **MIUI不听版本，跳帧授权管理界面的方式不一样**  
    各个不同系统的设置界面跳转请参考博客末尾的帮助类，以下代码摘自其中。
    
        public static void Xiaomi(Activity activity) {
                // 只兼容miui v5/v6 的应用权限设置页面，否则的话跳转应用设置页面（权限设置上一级页面）
                String miuiVersion = getMiuiVersion();
                Intent intent = null;
                if ("V5".equals(miuiVersion)) {
                    Uri packageURI = Uri.parse("package:" + activity.getApplicationInfo().packageName);
                    intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS, packageURI);
                } else if ("V6".equals(miuiVersion) || "V7".equals(miuiVersion)) {
                    intent = new Intent("miui.intent.action.APP_PERM_EDITOR");
                    intent.setClassName("com.miui.securitycenter", "com.miui.permcenter.permissions.AppPermissionsEditorActivity");
                    intent.putExtra("extra_pkgname", activity.getPackageName());
                } else if ("V8".equals(miuiVersion)) {
                    intent = new Intent("miui.intent.action.APP_PERM_EDITOR");
                    intent.setClassName("com.miui.securitycenter", "com.miui.permcenter.permissions.PermissionsEditorActivity");
                    intent.putExtra("extra_pkgname", activity.getPackageName());
                } else {
                }
        
                if (null != intent)
                    activity.startActivity(intent);
            }
 *  **小米系统测试效果**  
    
    
     *  初次允许授权  
        ![SouthEast 6][]
     *  二次授权  
        ![SouthEast 7][]

### 各个android操作系统跳转到设置页面的公共方法 ###

以下代码为结合网友提供的再根据情况调整了一下小米相关的跳转

package com.lpf.permission;
    
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.content.ComponentName;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.net.Uri;
    import android.os.Build;
    import android.provider.Settings;
    import android.support.v7.appcompat.BuildConfig;
    import android.util.Log;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    
    /** */
    
    public class JumpPermissionManagement { 
        /** * Build.MANUFACTURER */
        private static final String MANUFACTURER_HUAWEI = "Huawei";//华为
        private static final String MANUFACTURER_MEIZU = "Meizu";//魅族
        private static final String MANUFACTURER_XIAOMI = "Xiaomi";//小米
        private static final String MANUFACTURER_SONY = "Sony";//索尼
        private static final String MANUFACTURER_OPPO = "OPPO";
        private static final String MANUFACTURER_LG = "LG";
        private static final String MANUFACTURER_VIVO = "vivo";
        private static final String MANUFACTURER_SAMSUNG = "samsung";//三星
        private static final String MANUFACTURER_LETV = "Letv";//乐视
        private static final String MANUFACTURER_ZTE = "ZTE";//中兴
        private static final String MANUFACTURER_YULONG = "YuLong";//酷派
        private static final String MANUFACTURER_LENOVO = "LENOVO";//联想
    
        /** * 此函数可以自己定义 * * @param activity */
        public static void GoToSetting(Activity activity) {
            switch (Build.MANUFACTURER) {
                case MANUFACTURER_HUAWEI:
                    Huawei(activity);
                    break;
                case MANUFACTURER_MEIZU:
                    Meizu(activity);
                    break;
                case MANUFACTURER_XIAOMI:
                    Xiaomi(activity);
                    break;
                case MANUFACTURER_SONY:
                    Sony(activity);
                    break;
                case MANUFACTURER_OPPO:
                    OPPO(activity);
                    break;
                case MANUFACTURER_LG:
                    LG(activity);
                    break;
                case MANUFACTURER_LETV:
                    Letv(activity);
                    break;
                default:
                    ApplicationInfo(activity);
                    Log.e("goToSetting", "目前暂不支持此系统");
                    break;
            }
        }
    
        public static void Huawei(Activity activity) {
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
            intent.putExtra("packageName", BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID);
            ComponentName comp = new ComponentName("com.huawei.systemmanager", "com.huawei.permissionmanager.ui.MainActivity");
            intent.setComponent(comp);
            activity.startActivity(intent);
        }
    
        public static void Meizu(Activity activity) {
            Intent intent = new Intent("com.meizu.safe.security.SHOW_APPSEC");
            intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT);
            intent.putExtra("packageName", BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID);
            activity.startActivity(intent);
        }
    
        public static void Xiaomi(Activity activity) {
            // 只兼容miui v5/v6 的应用权限设置页面，否则的话跳转应用设置页面（权限设置上一级页面）
            String miuiVersion = getMiuiVersion();
            Intent intent = null;
            if ("V5".equals(miuiVersion)) {
                Uri packageURI = Uri.parse("package:" + activity.getApplicationInfo().packageName);
                intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS, packageURI);
            } else if ("V6".equals(miuiVersion) || "V7".equals(miuiVersion)) {
                intent = new Intent("miui.intent.action.APP_PERM_EDITOR");
                intent.setClassName("com.miui.securitycenter", "com.miui.permcenter.permissions.AppPermissionsEditorActivity");
                intent.putExtra("extra_pkgname", activity.getPackageName());
            } else if ("V8".equals(miuiVersion)) {
                intent = new Intent("miui.intent.action.APP_PERM_EDITOR");
                intent.setClassName("com.miui.securitycenter", "com.miui.permcenter.permissions.PermissionsEditorActivity");
                intent.putExtra("extra_pkgname", activity.getPackageName());
            } else {
            }
    
            if (null != intent)
                activity.startActivity(intent);
        }
    
        public static void Sony(Activity activity) {
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
            intent.putExtra("packageName", BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID);
            ComponentName comp = new ComponentName("com.sonymobile.cta", "com.sonymobile.cta.SomcCTAMainActivity");
            intent.setComponent(comp);
            activity.startActivity(intent);
        }
    
        public static void OPPO(Activity activity) {
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
            intent.putExtra("packageName", BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID);
            ComponentName comp = new ComponentName("com.color.safecenter", "com.color.safecenter.permission.PermissionManagerActivity");
            intent.setComponent(comp);
            activity.startActivity(intent);
        }
    
        public static void LG(Activity activity) {
            Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.MAIN");
            intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
            intent.putExtra("packageName", BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID);
            ComponentName comp = new ComponentName("com.android.settings", "com.android.settings.Settings$AccessLockSummaryActivity");
            intent.setComponent(comp);
            activity.startActivity(intent);
        }
    
        public static void Letv(Activity activity) {
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
            intent.putExtra("packageName", BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID);
            ComponentName comp = new ComponentName("com.letv.android.letvsafe", "com.letv.android.letvsafe.PermissionAndApps");
            intent.setComponent(comp);
            activity.startActivity(intent);
        }
    
        /** * 只能打开到自带安全软件 * * @param activity */
        public static void _360(Activity activity) {
            Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.MAIN");
            intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
            intent.putExtra("packageName", BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID);
            ComponentName comp = new ComponentName("com.qihoo360.mobilesafe", "com.qihoo360.mobilesafe.ui.index.AppEnterActivity");
            intent.setComponent(comp);
            activity.startActivity(intent);
        }
    
        /** * 应用信息界面 * * @param activity */
        public static void ApplicationInfo(Activity activity) {
            Intent localIntent = new Intent();
            localIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 9) {
                localIntent.setAction("android.settings.APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS");
                localIntent.setData(Uri.fromParts("package", activity.getPackageName(), null));
            } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= 8) {
                localIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
                localIntent.setClassName("com.android.settings", "com.android.settings.InstalledAppDetails");
                localIntent.putExtra("com.android.settings.ApplicationPkgName", activity.getPackageName());
            }
            activity.startActivity(localIntent);
        }
    
        /** * 系统设置界面 * * @param activity */
        public static void SystemConfig(Activity activity) {
            Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_SETTINGS);
            activity.startActivity(intent);
        }
    
        public static String getMiuiVersion() {
            String line;
            BufferedReader input = null;
            try {
                Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("getprop ro.miui.ui.version.name");
                input = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()), 1024);
                line = input.readLine();
                input.close();
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                return null;
            } finally {
                if (input != null) {
                    try {
                        input.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                    }
                }
            }
            return line;
        }
    }

### 总结 ###

这里只找了部分的手机进行了测试；由于android市场的复杂性，可能存在不兼容的情况，主要的问题也应该是在授权设置哪里；可以根据特定的手机进行调整即可；  
[源码下载][Link 1]

[Link 1]: https://gitee.com/pengfeilu/PermissionDemo
[SouthEast]: /images/20220607/b618c010b8004e79a80b032d75ab485e.png
[SouthEast 1]: /images/20220607/9527f166f4d04c149795fa0cdb2c21d8.png
[SouthEast 2]: /images/20220607/ddf34096a2a94f109d869b12c64d2a26.png
[SouthEast 3]: /images/20220607/58b41640b6b0481b93db07ee932aceea.png
[SouthEast 4]: /images/20220607/530de1123f614023849984fc870985ff.png
[SouthEast 5]: /images/20220607/cd2a1328176d45329c4196100b052388.png
[SouthEast 6]: /images/20220607/f565cb8fede045a6b94178a1dd41bfd6.png
[SouthEast 7]: /images/20220607/40bbd3d8ea8a4f85a2afd7996ff560c6.png