Android 权限(二): 动态权限讲解

朱雀 2024-03-26 11:52 70阅读 0赞

## 1. 前言 ##

继上一篇文章说到Android权限汇总, 请移步笔者的文章[Android 权限(一)：权限大全\_broadview\_java的博客-CSDN博客\_android 仅使用中允许权限][Android _broadview_java_-CSDN_android]

先要理清楚权限分类和定义,本篇文章继续说一下动态权限的申请和框架层的实现流程, 以及如何实现赋予系统应用默认的权限的需求.

## 2. 动态权限申请 ##

在Android6.0之后, 在首次打开app时的时候,比如微信,钉钉等软件时,会有提示

1)有读取设备上的照片及文字

2)获取手机号,IMEI,IMSI

3)获取设备的定位信息

等权限申请的对话框, 需要我们通过手动点击确认.

我们来一步一步分析对话框显示的原理和流程

#### 2.1 检查权限 ####

我们来通过一个Demo演示一下, Activity中的代码如下

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    
        private static final int REQUEST_CODE_TEST = 1024;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
                if(this.checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
                        != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "请申请权限", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    //申请权限的代码
                   // ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, REQUEST_CODE_TEST);
                    requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, REQUEST_CODE_TEST);
                }
            }
    
        }
        
        //回调方法
        @Override
        public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
            super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
            android.util.Log.e("test", "====int requestCode==== :" + requestCode
            + " 具体的 permission :" + permissions[0] + "\n"
                    + "== grantResults数组长度 : " + grantResults.length + "====grantResults对应的int 值:" + grantResults[0]);
        }
    }

代码讲解:

checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.READ\_EXTERNAL\_STORAGE) 这个方法是检测是否有具有READ\_EXTERNAL\_STORAGE 此权限, 返回值 :

/**
         * Permission check result: this is returned by {@link #checkPermission}
         * if the permission has been granted to the given package.
         */
        public static final int PERMISSION_GRANTED = 0;
    
        /**
         * Permission check result: this is returned by {@link #checkPermission}
         * if the permission has not been granted to the given package.
         */
        public static final int PERMISSION_DENIED = -1;

0:表示已获取该权限, -1:表示未赋予该权限

我是用Android 10源码追溯的流程,我们来看看此代码的调用流程:

1. frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/ContextWrapper.java

@Override
        public int checkSelfPermission(String permission) {
           return mBase.checkSelfPermission(permission);
        }

2.frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/Context.java

@PackageManager.PermissionResult
        public abstract int checkSelfPermission(@NonNull String permission);

3. 我们继续看看Context 的实现类 ContextImpl.java

frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java

@Override
        public int checkSelfPermission(String permission) {
            if (permission == null) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("permission is null");
            }
    
            return checkPermission(permission, Process.myPid(), Process.myUid());
        }

4.紧接着跳转到 ActivityManagerService.java中的方法

@Override
        public int checkPermission(String permission, int pid, int uid) {
            if (permission == null) {
                return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
            }
            return checkComponentPermission(permission, pid, uid, -1, true);
        }
    
    
        public static int checkComponentPermission(String permission, int pid, int uid,
                int owningUid, boolean exported) {
            if (pid == MY_PID) {
                return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
            }
            return ActivityManager.checkComponentPermission(permission, uid,
                    owningUid, exported);
        }

5.接着继续调用ActivityManager.java文件中的checkComponentPermission方法

public static int checkComponentPermission(String permission, int uid,
                int owningUid, boolean exported) {
            //省略
            ...........
            ...........
            try {
                return AppGlobals.getPackageManager()
                        .checkUidPermission(permission, uid);
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
            }
        }

6.继续调用到 PackageManagerService.java中的checkUidPermission方法

public int checkUidPermission(String permName, int uid) {
            final CheckPermissionDelegate checkPermissionDelegate;
            synchronized (mPackages) {
                if (mCheckPermissionDelegate == null)  {
                    return checkUidPermissionImpl(permName, uid);
                }
                checkPermissionDelegate = mCheckPermissionDelegate;
            }
            return checkPermissionDelegate.checkUidPermission(permName, uid,
                    PackageManagerService.this::checkUidPermissionImpl);
        }
    
        private int checkUidPermissionImpl(String permName, int uid) {
            synchronized (mPackages) {
                final String[] packageNames = getPackagesForUid(uid);
                PackageParser.Package pkg = null;
                final int N = packageNames == null ? 0 : packageNames.length;
                for (int i = 0; pkg == null && i < N; i++) {
                    pkg = mPackages.get(packageNames[i]);
                }
                return mPermissionManager.checkUidPermission(permName, pkg, uid, getCallingUid());
            }
        }

7. 接下来继续调用 PermissionManagerService.java去

public int checkUidPermission(String permName, PackageParser.Package pkg, int uid,
                    int callingUid) {
                return PermissionManagerService.this.checkUidPermission(permName, pkg, uid, callingUid);
            }
    
    
    //这里是最终返回判断值的方法
    private int checkUidPermission(String permName, PackageParser.Package pkg, int uid,
                int callingUid) {
    
            final int callingUserId = UserHandle.getUserId(callingUid);
            final boolean isCallerInstantApp =
                    mPackageManagerInt.getInstantAppPackageName(callingUid) != null;
            final boolean isUidInstantApp =
                    mPackageManagerInt.getInstantAppPackageName(uid) != null;
            final int userId = UserHandle.getUserId(uid);
            if (!mUserManagerInt.exists(userId)) {
                return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
            }
    
            if (pkg != null) {
                if (pkg.mSharedUserId != null) {
                    if (isCallerInstantApp) {
                        return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
                    }
                } else if (mPackageManagerInt.filterAppAccess(pkg, callingUid, callingUserId)) {
                    return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
                }
                final PermissionsState permissionsState =
                        ((PackageSetting) pkg.mExtras).getPermissionsState();
                if (permissionsState.hasPermission(permName, userId)) {
                    if (isUidInstantApp) {
                        if (mSettings.isPermissionInstant(permName)) {
                            return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
                        }
                    } else {
                        return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
                    }
                }
                if (isImpliedPermissionGranted(permissionsState, permName, userId)) {
                    return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
                }
            } else {
                ArraySet<String> perms = mSystemPermissions.get(uid);
                if (perms != null) {
                    if (perms.contains(permName)) {
                        return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
                    }
                    if (FULLER_PERMISSION_MAP.containsKey(permName)
                            && perms.contains(FULLER_PERMISSION_MAP.get(permName))) {
                        return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
                    }
                }
            }
            return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
        }

这里是最终判断返回值的方法, 好了,到这里阶段一就完成了. 如果返回PERMISSION\_GRANTED, 那没啥事情了, 如果返回PERMISSION\_DENIED, 那你就得去动态申请了, 动态申请权限不多,就是固定的几组(在上一篇文章中以介绍说明). android系统也为我们设计好了动态申请权限的对话框. 我们来说一下它的显示流程.

#### 2.2 申请权限 ####

申请权限是requestPermissions(new String\[\]\{Manifest.permission.READ\_EXTERNAL\_STORAGE\}, REQUEST\_CODE\_TEST)方法实现的

1. 跳转到Activity.java中的requestPermissions方法

frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Activity.java

public final void requestPermissions(@NonNull String[] permissions, int requestCode) {
            if (requestCode < 0) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("requestCode should be >= 0");
            }
            if (mHasCurrentPermissionsRequest) {
                Log.w(TAG, "Can request only one set of permissions at a time");
                // Dispatch the callback with empty arrays which means a cancellation.
                onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, new String[0], new int[0]);
                return;
            }
            //创建跳转的目标activity
            Intent intent = getPackageManager().buildRequestPermissionsIntent(permissions);
            startActivityForResult(REQUEST_PERMISSIONS_WHO_PREFIX, intent, requestCode, null);
            mHasCurrentPermissionsRequest = true;
        }

2. 注意一下此段代码:buildRequestPermissionsIntent(permissions)

frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/pm/PackageManager.java

@NonNull
        @UnsupportedAppUsage
        public Intent buildRequestPermissionsIntent(@NonNull String[] permissions) {
            if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(permissions)) {
               throw new IllegalArgumentException("permission cannot be null or empty");
            }
            Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_REQUEST_PERMISSIONS);
            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_REQUEST_PERMISSIONS_NAMES, permissions);
            intent.setPackage(getPermissionControllerPackageName());
            return intent;
        }

@SystemApi
    public static final String ACTION_REQUEST_PERMISSIONS =
            "android.content.pm.action.REQUEST_PERMISSIONS";

通过这个ACTION跳转到对应的activity中, 通过在源码工程下全局搜索 然后找到对应的Activity, 我们发现是GrantPermissionsActivity.java

确定是唯一的,出现这个界面对话框时,我们也可以通过adb shell dumpsys window | grep mFocus

命令确定一下Activity找的是不是对的.

知识储备: 在Android(<=9)版本上, 动态申请权限的对话框是集成在 packages/apps/PackageInstaller 模块中, 在Android(>=10)版本上,是在packages/apps/PermissionController中,单独把这块拿出来了

3. 对话框事件处理是在GrantPermissionsViewHandlerImpl.java中, 允许,拒绝, 仅在使用该应用时允许 对应的代码如下:

@Override
        public void onClick(View view) {
            switch (view.getId()) {
                case R.id.permission_allow_button:
                    if (mResultListener != null) {
                        view.performAccessibilityAction(
                                AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_CLEAR_ACCESSIBILITY_FOCUS, null);
                        mResultListener.onPermissionGrantResult(mGroupName, GRANTED_ALWAYS);
                    }
                    break;
                case R.id.permission_allow_always_button:
                    if (mResultListener != null) {
                        view.performAccessibilityAction(
                                AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_CLEAR_ACCESSIBILITY_FOCUS, null);
                        mResultListener.onPermissionGrantResult(mGroupName, GRANTED_ALWAYS);
                    }
                    break;
                case R.id.permission_allow_foreground_only_button:
                    if (mResultListener != null) {
                        view.performAccessibilityAction(
                                AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_CLEAR_ACCESSIBILITY_FOCUS, null);
                        mResultListener.onPermissionGrantResult(mGroupName,
                                GRANTED_FOREGROUND_ONLY);
                    }
                    break;
                case R.id.permission_deny_button:
                    if (mResultListener != null) {
                        view.performAccessibilityAction(
                                AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_CLEAR_ACCESSIBILITY_FOCUS, null);
                        mResultListener.onPermissionGrantResult(mGroupName, DENIED);
                    }
                    break;
                case R.id.permission_deny_and_dont_ask_again_button:
                    if (mResultListener != null) {
                        view.performAccessibilityAction(
                                AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_CLEAR_ACCESSIBILITY_FOCUS, null);
                        mResultListener.onPermissionGrantResult(mGroupName,
                                DENIED_DO_NOT_ASK_AGAIN);
                    }
                    break;
                case R.id.permission_more_info_button:
                    Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MANAGE_APP_PERMISSIONS);
                    intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_PACKAGE_NAME, mAppPackageName);
                    intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER, mUserHandle);
                    intent.putExtra(ManagePermissionsActivity.EXTRA_ALL_PERMISSIONS, true);
                    mActivity.startActivity(intent);
                    break;
            }
    
        }

## 3. 赋予应用默认运行时权限 ##

有些用户觉得app要申请权限比较麻烦,就有定制软件默认就赋予某个应用运行时权限,不弹出对话框,我们看看怎么修改呢?

先来看frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageManagerService.java中的systemReady()方法

// If we upgraded grant all default permissions before kicking off.
            for (int userId : grantPermissionsUserIds) {
                mDefaultPermissionPolicy.grantDefaultPermissions(userId);
            }

跳转到DefaultPermissionGrantPolicy.java中

public void grantDefaultPermissions(int userId) {
            grantPermissionsToSysComponentsAndPrivApps(userId);
            //默认赋予应用的运行时权限
            grantDefaultSystemHandlerPermissions(userId);
            grantDefaultPermissionExceptions(userId);
            synchronized (mLock) {
                mDefaultPermissionsGrantedUsers.put(userId, userId);
            }
        }

如下这些代码,就是默认赋予运行时权限的地方

private void grantDefaultSystemHandlerPermissions(int userId) {
        
        .........
        .........
    
      // Downloads provider
            grantSystemFixedPermissionsToSystemPackage(
                    getDefaultProviderAuthorityPackage("downloads", userId), userId,
                    STORAGE_PERMISSIONS);
    
            // Downloads UI
            grantSystemFixedPermissionsToSystemPackage(
                    getDefaultSystemHandlerActivityPackage(
                            DownloadManager.ACTION_VIEW_DOWNLOADS, userId),
                    userId, STORAGE_PERMISSIONS);
    
            // Storage provider
            grantSystemFixedPermissionsToSystemPackage(
                    getDefaultProviderAuthorityPackage("com.android.externalstorage.documents", userId),
                    userId, STORAGE_PERMISSIONS);
    
            // CertInstaller
            grantSystemFixedPermissionsToSystemPackage(
                    getDefaultSystemHandlerActivityPackage(Credentials.INSTALL_ACTION, userId), userId,
                    STORAGE_PERMISSIONS);
    
            // Dialer
            if (dialerAppPackageNames == null) {
                String dialerPackage =
                        getDefaultSystemHandlerActivityPackage(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, userId);
                grantDefaultPermissionsToDefaultSystemDialerApp(dialerPackage, userId);
            } else {
                for (String dialerAppPackageName : dialerAppPackageNames) {
                    grantDefaultPermissionsToDefaultSystemDialerApp(dialerAppPackageName, userId);
                }
            }
    
            // Sim call manager
            if (simCallManagerPackageNames != null) {
                for (String simCallManagerPackageName : simCallManagerPackageNames) {
                    grantDefaultPermissionsToDefaultSystemSimCallManager(
                            simCallManagerPackageName, userId);
                }
            }
    
            // Use Open Wifi
            if (useOpenWifiAppPackageNames != null) {
                for (String useOpenWifiPackageName : useOpenWifiAppPackageNames) {
                    grantDefaultPermissionsToDefaultSystemUseOpenWifiApp(
                            useOpenWifiPackageName, userId);
                }
            }
        
    
            // 添加代码,赋予应用默认的运行时权限,不弹出申请对话框.
        grantPermissionsToSystemPackage("com.android.mytestapp", userId, STORAGE_PERMISSIONS);
    
    }

如果你想添加自己的应用默认赋予运行时权限的话,可以这样子修改,如下:

添加包名 和 运行时权限数组

grantPermissionsToSystemPackage("com.android.mytestapp", userId, STORAGE_PERMISSIONS);

[Android _broadview_java_-CSDN_android]: https://blog.csdn.net/u012514113/article/details/128865859?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502