Python的GUI编程（七）Spinbox（自设值）

雨点打透心脏的1/2处 2022-06-01 01:53 159阅读 0赞

Spinbox小部件是一个标准的Tkinter的**Entry小窗口部件的变体**，它可以用来选择一个固定的值.

**当用户只需要从极少的数值中进行选择的时候，就可以使用Spinbox取代Entry。**

## 语法: ##

这里是一个简单的语法来创建这个widget:

w = Spinbox( master, option, ... )

## 参数: ##

*  master: 这代表了父窗口.
 *  options: 下面是这个小工具最常用的选项列表。这些选项可以作为键 - 值对以逗号分隔.

<table style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:1px solid silver; word-break:break-word; width:668px"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <th style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> Option</th> 
   <th style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> Description</th> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> activebackground &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> The color of the slider and arrowheads when the mouse is over them.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> bg</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> The color of the slider and arrowheads when the mouse is not over them.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> bd</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> The width of the 3-d borders around the entire perimeter of the trough, and also the width of the 3-d effects on the arrowheads and slider. Default is no border around the trough, and a 2-pixel border around the arrowheads and slider.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> command</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> A procedure to be called whenever the scrollbar is moved.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> cursor</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> The cursor that appears when the mouse is over the scrollbar.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> disabledbackground</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> The background color to use when the widget is disabled.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> disabledforeground</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> The text color to use when the widget is disabled.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> fg</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> Text color.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> font</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> The font to use in this widget.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> format</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> Format string. No default value.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> from_</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> The minimum value. Used together with to to limit the spinbox range.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> justify</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> Default is LEFT</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> relief</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> Default is SUNKEN.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> repeatdelay</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> Together with repeatinterval, this option controls button auto-repeat. Both values are given in milliseconds.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> repeatinterval</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> See repeatdelay.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> state</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> One of NORMAL, DISABLED, or "readonly". Default is NORMAL.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> textvariable</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> No default value.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> to</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> See from.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> validate</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> Validation mode. Default is NONE.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> validatecommand</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> Validation callback. No default value.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> <strong>values</strong></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> <strong>A <span style="color:#ff0000">tuple</span> containing valid values for this widget. Overrides from/to/increment.</strong></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> vcmd</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> Same as validatecommand.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> width</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> Widget width, in character units. Default is 20.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> wrap</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> If true, the up and down buttons will wrap around.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> xscrollcommand</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> Used to connect a spinbox field to a horizontal scrollbar. This option should be set to the set method of the corresponding scrollbar.</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# 方法: #

spinbox对象有这些方法:

同ListBox控件中的部分属性一样，有from\_，to（表示范围），但有increment表示增量。

from Tkinter import *
    root=Tk()
    
    Spinbox(root,from_=-100,to=100,increment=2).pack()
    root.mainloop()

![20180117104405978][]

设置Spinbox的值，设置 属性values，设置此值后，每次更新值将使用values指定的值

from Tkinter import *
    root=Tk()
    
    # value是个元组，并且increment无论是多少不会再影响up或down的值只会依次按照元组中的数前后移动
    Spinbox(root,value=(2,6,0,-8,9),increment=10).pack()
    root.mainloop()

Spinbox 绑定变量

from Tkinter import *
    root=Tk()
    v=StringVar()
    v1=StringVar()
    # value是个元组，并且increment无论是多少不会再影响up或down的值
    Spinbox(root,value=(2,6,0,-8,9),increment=10,textvariable=v).pack()
    v.set(9)
    Spinbox(root,value=(2,6,0,-8,9),increment=10,textvariable=v1).pack()
    # 设置的值不在value元组中，但是7占据第一个索引位置，up一下显示的是6，但实际上7未在元组中在down下显示的是2
    v1.set(7)
    root.mainloop()

from Tkinter import *
    root=Tk()
    
    v=IntVar()
    
    La=Label(root,width=5,fg='blue')
    La.config(textvariable=v,width=3)
    Entry(root,textvariable=v,width=3).pack()
    La.pack()
    
    Spinbox(root,from_=-100,to=100,increment=2,textvariable=v).pack()
    
    root.mainloop()

![20180117153522296][]

知识点：获取部分控件中文本值的方法。

**text    要显示的文本**

**textvariable    变量文本**

**绑定的变量**可以通过textvariable或text属性传递给其他控件作为文本显示，并且是动态的。

**如Lable控件中只能是textvariable属性获得动态的文本，Entry可以是text或textvariable属性。**

**get（）可以获得控件中文本值，但不能传递给text或textvariable属性给其他控件？？？**

设置Spinbox的回调函数

from Tkinter import *
    root=Tk()
    
    v=IntVar()
    
    def Call():
        print Sp.get()
    
    #使用绑定变量获取
    Label(root,textvariable=v,width=3).pack()
    #Label(root,text=v,width=6).pack()
    
    Entry(root,textvariable=v,width=3).pack()
    Entry(root,text=v,width=3).pack()
    Sp=Spinbox(root,from_=-100,to=100,increment=2,textvariable=v,command=Call)
    Sp.pack()
    
    #使用对象获取
    Label(root,textvariable=Sp.get(),width=3).pack()
    # Label(root,text=Sp.get(),width=6).pack()
    
    Entry(root,textvariable=Sp.get(),width=3).pack()
    Entry(root,text=Sp.get(),width=3).pack()
    
    root.mainloop()

删除Spinbox指定位置的字符

def delete(self, first, last=None):
        删除spinbox的一个或多个元素。 首先是要删除的第一个字符的索引，最后是字符的索引。 最后一个删除。如果最后没有指定它。 默认值为first +1，即单个字符。 删除。这个命令返回一个空字符串。 return self.tk.call(self._w, 'delete', first, last)

**很奇诡的一种方法：**

**当Spinbox中的初始值是1234，对象delete（0--3）对应着数字1234的索引，若delete（0），up一下，值变为235，delete（1），up一下，值变为135.**

若delete（0）两下，则会在原来的数字上增加，不改变位数，即1234，up后1235,但是初始值是34？？？？？

from Tkinter import *
    
    root = Tk()
    
    sb = Spinbox(root,
                 from_=1234,  # 最小值
                 to=2000,  # 最大值
                 increment=1
                 )
    sb.delete(0)
    sb.delete(0)
    print sb.get()
    sb.pack()
    root.mainloop()

使用元组value给定值时：

from Tkinter import *
    root = Tk()
    
    def Call():
        sb.delete(0)
        print sb.get()
    
    sb = Spinbox(root,
                 from_=1234,  # 最小值
                 to=2000,  # 最大值
                 increment=1,
                 value=(232,4345,2126,42357,4323),
                 command=Call
                 )
    
    sb.pack()
    root.mainloop()

输出：

345
    126
    2357
    323
    323

在Spinbox指定位置插入文本

insert（）方法

from Tkinter import *
    root = Tk()
    
    def Call():
        sb.insert(END,'.0')
        print sb.get()
    
    sb = Spinbox(root,
                 from_=1234,  # 最小值
                 to=2000,  # 最大值
                 increment=1,
    
                 command=Call
                 )
    
    sb.pack()
    root.mainloop()

输出：

1235.0
    1236.0
    1237.0
    1238.0
    1239.0
    1240.0  .....

**delete与insert是针对每个值中的字符，但是容易出现问题。**

[20180117104405978]: /images/20220601/47821f2a145b4b83b31411fe94c90071.png
[20180117153522296]: /images/20220601/cd614b62debb440abc782c9fdb48a049.png