python基础：gui编程

红太狼 2022-04-23 10:00 269阅读 0赞

由于使用到了上一篇博文所创建的数据，所以可以先回顾下：[https://blog.csdn.net/eyeofeagle/article/details/86766141][https_blog.csdn.net_eyeofeagle_article_details_86766141]  
python提供的gui编程库和java的gui类似，都是提供输入框，按钮，窗口等控件，来进行页面展示的控制  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V5ZW9mZWFnbGU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

# 1，gui的几本组件：窗口，文本，按钮 #

window\_label.py

#创建窗口： 显示文字，按钮，弹框
    from tkinter import *
    #显示文本内容
    Label(text="hello world").pack()
    
    #启动窗口
    mainloop()

![在这里插入图片描述][20190207124454820.png]  
window\_button.py

#窗口： 放入按钮
    from tkinter import *
    from tkinter.messagebox import showinfo
    
    #1,获取窗口
    window=Tk()
    
    #2, 定义按钮
    def reply():
        showinfo(title="title1",message="按钮被点击")
    
    button=Button(window,text="press this !", command=reply)
    #3，启动窗口
    button.pack()
    window.mainloop()

![在这里插入图片描述][2019020712560740.png]

# 2, gui几本组件：输入框（输入输出） #

window\_input.py

#设置输入框
    from tkinter import *
    from tkinter.messagebox import showinfo
    
    #创建窗口
    window=Tk()
    window.title("输入输出")
    window.iconbitmap("a.jpg")
    
    #设置输入框
    Label(window, text="输入name").pack()
    ent=Entry(window)
    ent.pack(side="top")
    
    
    
    #创建提交按钮
    def reply(name,window):
        showinfo(title="reply", message="hello %s" %name)
        window.quit()
    
    btn=Button(window,text="submit", command=( lambda: reply(ent.get(),window )  ))
    btn.pack(side="left")
    
    #启动窗口
    window.mainloop()

![在这里插入图片描述][20190207125435279.png]  
window\_input2.py

#输入框
    from tkinter import *
    from tkinter.messagebox import showinfo,showerror
    import shelve
    
    #定义变量
    shelve_file_name="../oop/data/shelve_obj"
    db=shelve.open(shelve_file_name)
    fieldnames=("name","age","job")
    
    def fetchRecord():
        key = entries["key"].get()#获取：输入key这个输入框的值
        try:
            record = db[key]
        except:
            showerror("title=error", message="no such key")
        else:
            for field in fieldnames:
                ent=entries[field]
                ent.delete(0, len(str(entries[field].get()) )) #输入框：删除原数据
                entries[field].insert(0, getattr(record, field))# 输入框：设置正确数据
    
    def updateRecord():
        #取出db字典文件的值
        db_key=entries['key'].get()
        if db_key in db:
            record=db[db_key]
        else:
            from chapter1.oop.class_obj import teacher
            record=teacher(name="?",age="?")
        #对象赋值
        for field in fieldnames:
            setattr(record,field, entries[field].get())
        #保存数据
        db[db_key]=record
    
    #定义方法
    def mkWidgets():
        global entries
        window=Tk()
        window.title("people shelve")
        form=Frame(window)
        form.pack()
    
        #遍历属性元组
        entries={}
        for (index, label) in enumerate(("key",)+fieldnames):
            lab=Label(form, text=label)
            ent=Entry(form)
            lab.grid(row=index, column=0)
            ent.grid(row=index, column=1)
    
            print(index, label,ent)
            entries[label]=ent #收集：所有的输入框对象， {key ,输入框}
    
        #设置按钮
        Button(window,text="fetch", command=fetchRecord).pack(side="left")
        Button(window, text="update", command=updateRecord).pack(side="left")
        Button(window, text="quit", command=window.quit()).pack(side="right")
        return window
    
    
    #创建窗口
    window=mkWidgets()
    window.mainloop()
    db.close()

![在这里插入图片描述][20190207125907870.png]  
获取数据：  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190207130506179.png]  
更新数据：  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190207130732781.png]

[https_blog.csdn.net_eyeofeagle_article_details_86766141]: https://blog.csdn.net/eyeofeagle/article/details/86766141
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V5ZW9mZWFnbGU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220321/fb93f80f793c4d4badab2859cd0edd61.png
[20190207124454820.png]: /images/20220321/c4fba6fed7be42179713f5842b967697.png
[2019020712560740.png]: /images/20220321/70cf84b5ff794085bfd673b52983c4b9.png
[20190207125435279.png]: /images/20220321/8ed849daaa2e4b46be6721f99bf4e377.png
[20190207125907870.png]: /images/20220321/49a510ec47174fc0b1492e8954fd8b9e.png
[20190207130506179.png]: /images/20220321/191c8508484e4af9bce4d9e65746ce56.png
[20190207130732781.png]: /images/20220321/35039b330ef14be69f85a24da736659a.png