JUnit 单元测试-Controller

迈不过友情╰ 2022-05-27 05:23 173阅读 0赞

# 1.GET请求 #

# 1.1 演示接口 #

@Controller
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello")
    public class HelloController { 
    
        @GetMapping("/test")
        @ResponseBody
        public Map<String, String> test() {
            return Collections.singletonMap("message", "Hello");
        }
    }

GET请求：[http://localhost:8080/hello/test][http_localhost_8080_hello_test]

响应：

{
        "message": "Hello"
    }

# 1.2 测试用例 #

import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
    import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
    import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
    import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
    
    import static org.hamcrest.core.Is.is;
    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath;
    
    /** * @Author : xiao * @Date : 17/5/9 下午2:16 */
    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    @WebAppConfiguration
    @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:spring.xml", "classpath:spring-mvc.xml", "classpath:spring/spring-mybatis.xml"})
    //当然 你可以声明一个事务管理 每个单元测试都进行事务回滚 无论成功与否
    @Rollback
    public class HelloControllerTest {
    
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloControllerTest.class);
    
        private MockMvc mockMvc;
    
        @Autowired
        WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;
    
        @Before
        public void setUp(){
            mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build();
        }
    
        @Test
        public void testStatus() throws Exception {
    
            String url = "/hello/test";
    
            MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get(url)
                    .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                    .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                    .andReturn();
    
        }
    
        @Test
        public void testMessage() throws Exception {
    
            String url = "/hello/test";
    
            MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get(url)
                    .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                    .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                    .andExpect(jsonPath("$.message", is("Hello")))
                    .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                    .andReturn();
    
        }
    }

# 2. Post请求测试 #

## 2.1 请求接口 ##

@PostMapping("/user")
    @ResponseBody
    public String pstUser(@RequestBody UserVO userVO) {
        logger.info(userVO.toString());
        return CommonResult.success(userVO).toJSON();
    }

请求地址：

Post : [http://localhost:8080/hello/user][http_localhost_8080_hello_user]

请求参数：

{
        "name": "xiao",
        "age":21,
        "address":"asfasdfasdfasdf.adsfa.asdf"
    }

响应：

{
        "data": {
            "address": "asfasdfasdfasdf.adsfa.asdf",
            "age": 21,
            "name": "xiao"
        },
        "message": "成功",
        "status": 1
    }

## 2.2 单元测试 ##

@Test
    public void testUser() throws Exception {
    
        String url = "/hello/user";
    
        UserVO userVO = new UserVO();
        userVO.setName("xiao");
        userVO.setAge(12);
        userVO.setAddress("asdf.asdfasdf.asdfasd");
        String requestJson = JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO);
    
        MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post(url)
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .content(requestJson.getBytes())
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
        )
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.status", is(1)))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.message", is("成功")))
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                .andReturn();
    
    }

# 3.常见错误 #

## 3.1 EL表达式错误 ##

`Unable to load 'javax.el.ExpressionFactory'. Check that you have the EL dependencies on the classpath, or use ParameterMessageInterpolator instead`

pom.xml文件添加依赖：

<dependency>
        <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.glassfish</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

## 3.2 javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest 方法找不到 ##

`java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest.isAsyncStarted()`

是由于 servlet-api版本引起的：

<dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

## 3.3 Predicate 类没有找到 ##

`java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/jayway/jsonpath/Predicate`

<dependency>
        <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
        <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

[http_localhost_8080_hello_test]: http://localhost:8080/hello/test
[http_localhost_8080_hello_user]: http://localhost:8080/hello/user