阿里云CentOS7.3安装MySQL以及配置远程连接

缺乏、安全感 2022-05-22 11:21 259阅读 0赞

CentOS7默认数据库是MariaDB, 但是我用的是MySQL。

1、查看当前是否有MySQL进程

rpm -qa|grep -i mysql

有的话则需要kill掉，再删除；没有直接到第2步

pkill -9 mysqld
    yum -y remove mysql-community-client-5.6.38-2.el7.x86_64

卸载不掉的用`rpm -ev mysql-community-client-5.6.38-2.el7.x86_64`  
依次卸载，直到没有

2、创建目录，下载MySQL5.7

mkdir /usr/local/mysql
    cd /usr/local/mysql
    wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
    rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
    yum -y install mysql-server

根据步骤安装就可以了

默认配置文件路径：  
配置文件：`/etc/my.cnf`  
日志文件：`/var/log/var/log/mysqld.log`  
服务启动脚本：`/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service`  
socket文件：`/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid`

3、配置`my.cnf`：

vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
    #
    # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
    # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
    # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
    #
    # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
    # changes to the binary log between backups.
    # log_bin
    #
    # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
    # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
    # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
    # join_buffer_size = 128M
    # sort_buffer_size = 2M
    # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
    datadir=/var/lib/mysql
    socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    server_id = 1
    expire_logs_days = 3
    
    # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
    symbolic-links=0
    
    log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
    pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

> 注意：安装完成后，密码为随机密码，需要重置密码。

4、启动服务，修改密码

service mysqld restart
    grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

可以在信息中查看到一串临时密码，使用临时密码登录，再修改密码

mysql -u root -p

进入后需要重置密码（5.7.20为了安全密码，必须包含数字字母符号）

// Root!!2018为参考密码
    alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Root!!2018';
    // 刷新
    flush privileges;

5、开放远程连接

// 赋予root用户所有权限，远程登录密码是Root!!2018
    grant all privileges on *.* to 'root' @'%' identified by 'Root!!2018';
    // 刷新
    flush privileges;

退出MySQL。

6、允许服务自启动

chkconfig --add mysql
    chkconfig mysql on

7、开放防火墙端口  
在CentOS 7或RHEL 7或Fedora中，防火墙由FirewalID来管理

通过`systemctl status firewalld`查看FirewalID状态，发现当前是dead状态，即防火墙未开启。  
通过`systemctl start firewalld`开启防火墙，没有任何提示即开启成功。  
执行`firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent`，提示success  
（–permanent永久生效，没有此参数重启后失效）  
执行`firewall-cmd --reload`，提示success

或者关闭防火墙：`systemctl stop firewalld`

# 最后一步： #

![这里写图片描述][70]

[70]: /images/20220522/76c0ff78b03c4b7c963dc5e843c6db71.png