python 使用scrapy爬取小说以及保存json格式

心已赠人 2022-05-17 06:12 188阅读 0赞

今天爬取的小说网站地址:https://www.hongxiu.com/all?gender=2&catId=-1

使用终端创建项目命令: scrapy  startproject  hongxiu

然后进入项目命令:cd  hongxiu

接着创建爬取的项目名字和网址,命令:scrapy  genspider  book  hongxiu.com

运行:scrapy crawl hongxiu

创建完以后如下图:

![70][]

然后我们进入book.py修改一下地址,把所用到的模块引进去,如下图:

![70 1][]

接着我们进入网页来获取想要的链接:

def parse(self, response):      
            #获取href链接 
            type_list = response.xpath('//ul[@type="category"]//a/@href').extract()
            del type_list[0]
            for type in type_list:
            #将获取的链接进行拼接    
            url = 'https://www.hongxiu.com' + type
                split = re.compile(r'.*?catId=(.*?)&.*?',re.S)
                catId = re.findall(split,url)
    
                yield 
          scrapy.Request(url=url,meta{'type':catId[0]},callback=self.get_content_with_type_url)

因为小说太多,我们连获取前十页的链接:

def get_content_with_type_url(self,response):
         
            catId = response.meta['type']
            for page_num in range(1,11):
    
                url = 'https://www.hongxiu.com/all?pageNum=' + str(page_num) + '&pageSize=10&gender=2&catId=' + catId + '&isFinish=-1&isVip=-1&size=-1&updT=-1&orderBy=0'
                # print(url)
                yield scrapy.Request(url=url,callback=self.get_book_with_url)

获取每一部小说的详情链接:

def get_book_with_url(self,response):
            detail_list = response.xpath('//div[@class="book-info"]/h3/a/@href').extract()
            for book_detail in detail_list:
                url = 'https://www.hongxiu.com' + book_detail
                yield scrapy.Request(url=url,callback=self.get_detail_with_url)

获取小说名字类型,作者,收藏数,点击数,字数,还有小说简介

def get_detail_with_url(self,response):
            type = response.xpath('//div[@class="crumbs-nav center1020"]/span/a[2]/text()').extract_first()
            print(type)
    
            name = response.xpath('//div[@class="book-info"]/h1/em/text()').extract_first()
            print(name)
            author = response.xpath('//div[@class="book-info"]/h1/a/text()').extract_first()
            print(author)
    
            total = response.xpath('//p[@class="total"]/span/text()').extract_first() +\
                    response.xpath('//p[@class="total"]/em/text()').extract_first()
            print(total)
            love = response.xpath('//p[@class="total"]/span[2]/text()').extract_first() +\
                   response.xpath('//p[@class="total"]/em[2]/text()').extract_first()
            print(love)
            click = response.xpath('//p[@class="total"]/span[3]/text()').extract_first() +\
                    response.xpath('//p[@class="total"]/em[3]/text()').extract_first()
            print(click)
            introduce = response.xpath('//p[@class="intro"]/text()').extract()
            print(introduce)
            url = 'http:' + response.xpath('//div[@class="book-img"]//img/@src').extract_first()
            url = url.replace('\r','')
            print(url)

然后我们进入items.py进行编辑:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    # Define here the models for your scraped items
    #
    # See documentation in:
    # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
    
    import scrapy
    
    
    class HongxiuItem(scrapy.Item):
        # define the fields for your item here like:
        # name = scrapy.Field()
        type = scrapy.Field()
        name = scrapy.Field()
        author = scrapy.Field()
        total = scrapy.Field()
        love = scrapy.Field()
        click = scrapy.Field()
        introduce = scrapy.Field()
        url = scrapy.Field()
        pass

接着我们回到book.py:

item = HongxiuItem()
            item['type'] = type
            item['name'] = name
            item['author'] = author
            item['total'] = total
            item['love'] = love
            item['click'] = click
            item['introduce'] = introduce
            item['url'] = [url]
    
            yield item

然后我们进入pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    # Define your item pipelines here
    #
    # Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
    # See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
    
    import codecs
    import os
    import json
    class HongxiuPipeline(object):
        def __init__(self):
            self.file = codecs.open(filename='book.json',mode='w',encoding='utf-8')
            self.file.write('"book_list":[')
        def process_item(self, item, spider):
            res = dict(item)
            str = json.dumps(res,ensure_ascii=False)
            self.file.write(str)
            self.file.write(',\n')
            return item
        def close_spider(self,spider):
            self.file.seek(-1,os.SEEK_END)
            self.file.truncate()
    
            self.file.seek(-1,os.SEEK_END)
            self.file.write(']')
            self.file.close()

最后我们进入管道settings.py:  
![70 2][]

![70 3][]

下面是我们今天在book.py里面的完整代码:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    import scrapy
    import re
    from .. items import HongxiuItem
    class BookSpider(scrapy.Spider):
        name = 'book'
        allowed_domains = ['hongxiu.com']
        start_urls = ['https://www.hongxiu.com/all?gender=2&catId=-1']
    
        def parse(self, response):
            type_list = response.xpath('//ul[@type="category"]//a/@href').extract()
            del type_list[0]
            for type in type_list:
                url = 'https://www.hongxiu.com' + type
                split = re.compile(r'.*?catId=(.*?)&.*?',re.S)
                catId = re.findall(split,url)
    
                yield scrapy.Request(url=url,meta={'type':catId[0]},callback=self.get_content_with_type_url)
    
        def get_content_with_type_url(self,response):
            #https://www.hongxiu.com
            # /all?pageNum=1&pageSize=10&gender=2&catId=30020&isFinish=-1&
            # isVip=-1&size=-1&updT=-1&orderBy=0
            catId = response.meta['type']
            for page_num in range(1,11):
    
                url = 'https://www.hongxiu.com/all?pageNum=' + str(page_num) + '&pageSize=10&gender=2&catId=' + catId + '&isFinish=-1&isVip=-1&size=-1&updT=-1&orderBy=0'
                # print(url)
                yield scrapy.Request(url=url,callback=self.get_book_with_url)
        def get_book_with_url(self,response):
            detail_list = response.xpath('//div[@class="book-info"]/h3/a/@href').extract()
            for book_detail in detail_list:
                url = 'https://www.hongxiu.com' + book_detail
                yield scrapy.Request(url=url,callback=self.get_detail_with_url)
    
        def get_detail_with_url(self,response):
            type = response.xpath('//div[@class="crumbs-nav center1020"]/span/a[2]/text()').extract_first()
            print(type)
    
            name = response.xpath('//div[@class="book-info"]/h1/em/text()').extract_first()
            print(name)
            author = response.xpath('//div[@class="book-info"]/h1/a/text()').extract_first()
            print(author)
    
            total = response.xpath('//p[@class="total"]/span/text()').extract_first() +\
                    response.xpath('//p[@class="total"]/em/text()').extract_first()
            print(total)
            love = response.xpath('//p[@class="total"]/span[2]/text()').extract_first() +\
                   response.xpath('//p[@class="total"]/em[2]/text()').extract_first()
            print(love)
            click = response.xpath('//p[@class="total"]/span[3]/text()').extract_first() +\
                    response.xpath('//p[@class="total"]/em[3]/text()').extract_first()
            print(click)
            introduce = response.xpath('//p[@class="intro"]/text()').extract()
            print(introduce)
            url = 'http:' + response.xpath('//div[@class="book-img"]//img/@src').extract_first()
            url = url.replace('\r','')
            print(url)
    
            item = HongxiuItem()
            item['type'] = type
            item['name'] = name
            item['author'] = author
            item['total'] = total
            item['love'] = love
            item['click'] = click
            item['introduce'] = introduce
            item['url'] = [url]
    
            yield item

运行结果是如下:

![70 4][]

谁有更好的方法,下面留言一起交流...

[70]: /images/20220517/f3f0e81098f24425952e7fe280402f89.png
[70 1]: /images/20220517/689eaed078f64815a9c5b3ad167e55e8.png
[70 2]: /images/20220517/2201e9e1dca441d2a9de2f6bcabeedb0.png
[70 3]: /images/20220517/dda9fc62972e46d8ac089b111c6b86f2.png
[70 4]: /images/20220517/08d8a3db25d84c81b76185a40fb4ec50.png