Nginx配置反向代理和负载均衡

怼烎@ 2022-05-17 00:50 391阅读 0赞

今天给大家介绍一下如何利用Nginx进行反向代理，之所以介绍这个的原因是，因为开发的时候遇到一个很尴尬的场景。因为是springboot项目，所以每一个控制类的端口都不一样，但是app那边所有接口都是对应一个ip和一个端口。如果我们想要实现本地app调式，就必须配置一个nginx，进行反向代理连接我们启动的服务器。废话不多说，开始我们nginx配置的介绍。

首先我们需要下载一个nginx，大家可以去官网上面下载，也可以直接在我的百度云盘下载。（nginx版本nginx-1.13.2）云盘地址：链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1NwZvS6-9cq5egCxsOHyrYg 密码：tw4p

然后接下来主要工作是在nginx中修改nginx.conf配置就可以了。

389_method_get-resource_shareToken_0666DC05D37C446CB17E2C046291D256_entryId_205468727

nginx.conf模块配置文件如下所示，这边我们只需要修改一些配置，就可以简单的实现反向代理和负载均衡功能了，我们先来看一下默认的配置文件。

#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;

#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;

#pid logs/nginx.pid;

events {
worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

  1. \#log\_format  main  '$remote\_addr - $remote\_user \[$time\_local\] "$request" '  
  2. \#                  '$status $body\_bytes\_sent "$http\_referer" '  
  3. \#                  '"$http\_user\_agent" "$http\_x\_forwarded\_for"';
  5. \#access\_log  logs/access.log  main;
  7. sendfile        on;  
  8. \#tcp\_nopush     on;
  10. \#keepalive\_timeout  0;  
  11. keepalive\_timeout  65;
  13. \#gzip  on;
  15. server \{  
  16.     listen       80;  
  17.     server\_name  localhost;
  19.     \#charset koi8-r;
  21.     \#access\_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
  23.     location / \{  
  24.         root   html;  
  25.         index  index.html index.htm;  
  26.     \}
  28.     \#error\_page  404              /404.html;
  30.     \# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html  
  31.     \#  
  32.     error\_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;  
  33.     location = /50x.html \{  
  34.         root   html;  
  35.     \}
  37.     \# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80  
  38.     \#  
  39.     \#location ~ \\.php$ \{  
  40.     \#    proxy\_pass   http://127.0.0.1;  
  41.     \#\}
  43.     \# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000  
  44.     \#  
  45.     \#location ~ \\.php$ \{  
  46.     \#    root           html;  
  47.     \#    fastcgi\_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;  
  48.     \#    fastcgi\_index  index.php;  
  49.     \#    fastcgi\_param  SCRIPT\_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi\_script\_name;  
  50.     \#    include        fastcgi\_params;  
  51.     \#\}
  53.     \# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root  
  54.     \# concurs with nginx's one  
  55.     \#  
  56.     \#location ~ /\\.ht \{  
  57.     \#    deny  all;  
  58.     \#\}  
  59. \}
  62. \# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration  
  63. \#  
  64. \#server \{  
  65. \#    listen       8000;  
  66. \#    listen       somename:8080;  
  67. \#    server\_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
  69. \#    location / \{  
  70. \#        root   html;  
  71. \#        index  index.html index.htm;  
  72. \#    \}  
  73. \#\}
  76. \# HTTPS server  
  77. \#  
  78. \#server \{  
  79. \#    listen       443 ssl;  
  80. \#    server\_name  localhost;
  82. \#    ssl\_certificate      cert.pem;  
  83. \#    ssl\_certificate\_key  cert.key;
  85. \#    ssl\_session\_cache    shared:SSL:1m;  
  86. \#    ssl\_session\_timeout  5m;
  88. \#    ssl\_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;  
  89. \#    ssl\_prefer\_server\_ciphers  on;
  91. \#    location / \{  
  92. \#        root   html;  
  93. \#        index  index.html index.htm;  
  94. \#    \}  
  95. \#\}

}

配置文件基本都包含我们想要的功能，就是有些配置项可能我们用不到，所以官网上面就给我们屏蔽了。我们只需要在默认的配置文件上面添加如下映射配置，和映射对应的具体服务地址。

映射配置

location /模块名称/{

ssi on;

ssi_silent_errors on;

proxy_read_timeout 300;

proxy_set_header Host $host;

proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

proxy_pass http://映射名称;

}

映射对应的具体服务地址

upstream 映射名称 {

server ip:端口;

}

负载均衡的实现就是写多个server服务就可以了，然后我们也可以对不同的服务设置不同的权重，这么就不进行过多的介绍了。这些都配置好之后，我们启动一下nginx服务就可以了，下面我们来具体看一下，我配置的具体信息，大家一看就知道是什么情况了，其实很简单的。

#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;

#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;

#pid logs/nginx.pid;

events {
worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

  1. \#log\_format  main  '$remote\_addr - $remote\_user \[$time\_local\] "$request" '  
  2. \#                  '$status $body\_bytes\_sent "$http\_referer" '  
  3. \#                  '"$http\_user\_agent" "$http\_x\_forwarded\_for"';
  5. \#access\_log  logs/access.log  main;
  7. sendfile        on;  
  8. \#tcp\_nopush     on;
  10. \#keepalive\_timeout  0;  
  11. keepalive\_timeout  65;
  13. \#gzip  on;
  15. upstream platform-activity \{  
  16.   server 127.0.0.1:8090;  
  17. \}  
  19. upstream platform-admin \{  
  20.   server 127.0.0.1:8091;    
  21. \}  
  23. upstream platform-es \{  
  24.   server 127.0.0.1:8092;   
  25. \}  
  27. upstream platform-goods \{  
  28.   server 127.0.0.1:8093;  
  29. \}  
  31. upstream platform-im \{  
  32.   server 127.0.0.1:8094;   
  33. \}  
  35. upstream platform-log \{  
  36.   server 127.0.0.1:8095;  
  37. \}  
  39. upstream platform-login \{    
  40.   server 127.0.0.1:8096;     
  41. \}  
  43. upstream platform-mq \{  
  44.   server 127.0.0.1:8097;     
  45. \}  
  47. upstream platform-score \{  
  48.   server 127.0.0.1:8098;     
  49. \}  
  51. upstream platform-task \{  
  52.   server 127.0.0.1:8099;     
  53. \}  
  55. upstream platform-team \{  
  56.   server 127.0.0.1:8190;     
  57. \}  
  59. upstream platform-user \{  
  60.   server 127.0.0.1:8191;     
  61. \}  
  63. server \{  
  64.     listen       80;  
  65.     server\_name  192.168.10.112;
  67.     \#charset koi8-r;
  69.     \#access\_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
  71.     location / \{  
  72.         root   html;  
  73.         index  index.html index.htm;  
  74.     \}  
  76.     location /platform-activity/\{     
  77.         ssi on;    
  78.         ssi\_silent\_errors on;    
  79.         proxy\_read\_timeout 300;    
  80.         proxy\_set\_header Host $host;    
  81.         proxy\_set\_header X-Real-IP $remote\_addr;    
  82.         proxy\_set\_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy\_add\_x\_forwarded\_for;    
  83.         proxy\_pass http://platform-activity;  
  84.     \}  
  86.     location /platform-admin/\{     
  87.         ssi on;    
  88.         ssi\_silent\_errors on;    
  89.         proxy\_read\_timeout 300;    
  90.         proxy\_set\_header Host $host;    
  91.         proxy\_set\_header X-Real-IP $remote\_addr;    
  92.         proxy\_set\_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy\_add\_x\_forwarded\_for;    
  93.         proxy\_pass http://platform-admin;  
  94.     \}  
  96.     location /platform-es/\{     
  97.         ssi on;    
  98.         ssi\_silent\_errors on;    
  99.         proxy\_read\_timeout 300;    
  100.         proxy\_set\_header Host $host;    
  101.         proxy\_set\_header X-Real-IP $remote\_addr;    
  102.         proxy\_set\_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy\_add\_x\_forwarded\_for;    
  103.         proxy\_pass http://platform-es;  
  104.     \}  
  106.     location /platform-goods/\{     
  107.         ssi on;    
  108.         ssi\_silent\_errors on;    
  109.         proxy\_read\_timeout 300;    
  110.         proxy\_set\_header Host $host;    
  111.         proxy\_set\_header X-Real-IP $remote\_addr;    
  112.         proxy\_set\_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy\_add\_x\_forwarded\_for;    
  113.         proxy\_pass http://platform-goods;  
  114.     \}  
  116.     location /platform-im/\{     
  117.         ssi on;    
  118.         ssi\_silent\_errors on;    
  119.         proxy\_read\_timeout 300;    
  120.         proxy\_set\_header Host $host;    
  121.         proxy\_set\_header X-Real-IP $remote\_addr;    
  122.         proxy\_set\_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy\_add\_x\_forwarded\_for;    
  123.         proxy\_pass http://platform-im;  
  124.     \}  
  126.     location /platform-log/\{     
  127.         ssi on;    
  128.         ssi\_silent\_errors on;    
  129.         proxy\_read\_timeout 300;    
  130.         proxy\_set\_header Host $host;    
  131.         proxy\_set\_header X-Real-IP $remote\_addr;    
  132.         proxy\_set\_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy\_add\_x\_forwarded\_for;    
  133.         proxy\_pass http://platform-log;  
  134.     \}  
  136.     location /platform-login/\{     
  137.         ssi on;    
  138.         ssi\_silent\_errors on;    
  139.         proxy\_read\_timeout 300;    
  140.         proxy\_set\_header Host $host;    
  141.         proxy\_set\_header X-Real-IP $remote\_addr;    
  142.         proxy\_set\_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy\_add\_x\_forwarded\_for;    
  143.         proxy\_pass http://platform-login;  
  144.     \}  
  146.     location /platform-mq/\{     
  147.         ssi on;    
  148.         ssi\_silent\_errors on;    
  149.         proxy\_read\_timeout 300;    
  150.         proxy\_set\_header Host $host;    
  151.         proxy\_set\_header X-Real-IP $remote\_addr;    
  152.         proxy\_set\_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy\_add\_x\_forwarded\_for;    
  153.         proxy\_pass http://platform-mq;  
  154.     \}  
  156.     location /platform-score/\{     
  157.         ssi on;    
  158.         ssi\_silent\_errors on;    
  159.         proxy\_read\_timeout 300;    
  160.         proxy\_set\_header Host $host;    
  161.         proxy\_set\_header X-Real-IP $remote\_addr;    
  162.         proxy\_set\_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy\_add\_x\_forwarded\_for;    
  163.         proxy\_pass http://platform-score;  
  164.     \}  
  166.     location /platform-task/\{     
  167.         ssi on;    
  168.         ssi\_silent\_errors on;    
  169.         proxy\_read\_timeout 300;    
  170.         proxy\_set\_header Host $host;    
  171.         proxy\_set\_header X-Real-IP $remote\_addr;    
  172.         proxy\_set\_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy\_add\_x\_forwarded\_for;    
  173.         proxy\_pass http://platform-task;  
  174.     \}  
  176.     location /platform-team/\{     
  177.         ssi on;    
  178.         ssi\_silent\_errors on;    
  179.         proxy\_read\_timeout 300;    
  180.         proxy\_set\_header Host $host;    
  181.         proxy\_set\_header X-Real-IP $remote\_addr;    
  182.         proxy\_set\_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy\_add\_x\_forwarded\_for;    
  183.         proxy\_pass http://platform-team;  
  184.     \}  
  186.     location /platform-user/\{     
  187.         ssi on;    
  188.         ssi\_silent\_errors on;    
  189.         proxy\_read\_timeout 300;    
  190.         proxy\_set\_header Host $host;    
  191.         proxy\_set\_header X-Real-IP $remote\_addr;    
  192.         proxy\_set\_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy\_add\_x\_forwarded\_for;    
  193.         proxy\_pass http://platform-user;  
  194.     \}
  196.     \#error\_page  404              /404.html;
  198.     \# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html  
  199.     \#  
  200.     error\_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;  
  201.     location = /50x.html \{  
  202.         root   html;  
  203.     \}
  205.     \# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80  
  206.     \#  
  207.     \#location ~ \\.php$ \{  
  208.     \#    proxy\_pass   http://127.0.0.1;  
  209.     \#\}
  211.     \# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000  
  212.     \#  
  213.     \#location ~ \\.php$ \{  
  214.     \#    root           html;  
  215.     \#    fastcgi\_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;  
  216.     \#    fastcgi\_index  index.php;  
  217.     \#    fastcgi\_param  SCRIPT\_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi\_script\_name;  
  218.     \#    include        fastcgi\_params;  
  219.     \#\}
  221.     \# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root  
  222.     \# concurs with nginx's one  
  223.     \#  
  224.     \#location ~ /\\.ht \{  
  225.     \#    deny  all;  
  226.     \#\}  
  227. \}
  230. \# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration  
  231. \#  
  232. \#server \{  
  233. \#    listen       8000;  
  234. \#    listen       somename:8080;  
  235. \#    server\_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
  237. \#    location / \{  
  238. \#        root   html;  
  239. \#        index  index.html index.htm;  
  240. \#    \}  
  241. \#\}
  244. \# HTTPS server  
  245. \#  
  246. \#server \{  
  247. \#    listen       443 ssl;  
  248. \#    server\_name  localhost;
  250. \#    ssl\_certificate      cert.pem;  
  251. \#    ssl\_certificate\_key  cert.key;
  253. \#    ssl\_session\_cache    shared:SSL:1m;  
  254. \#    ssl\_session\_timeout  5m;
  256. \#    ssl\_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;  
  257. \#    ssl\_prefer\_server\_ciphers  on;
  259. \#    location / \{  
  260. \#        root   html;  
  261. \#        index  index.html index.htm;  
  262. \#    \}  
  263. \#\}

}

因为是为了开发调试方便，所以nginx也是window的nginx，但是window上面启动会出现很尴尬的事情，比如我双击nginx.exe，然后一闪而过。。。没有任何其它的反应，一脸懵逼，到底是启动成功还是启动失败呢，这边我教大家一个鉴别的方法。

首先我们通过start nginx命令启动一下nginx，命令输入后的效果如下所示（其实就是没有任何效果）：

391_method_get-resource_shareToken_0666DC05D37C446CB17E2C046291D256_entryId_205468727

然后我们可以输入tasklist /fi “imagename eq nginx.exe”命令，来查看nginx.exe的进程是否启动

385_method_get-resource_shareToken_0666DC05D37C446CB17E2C046291D256_entryId_205468727

如果启动成功就会出现相关进程的打印信息，我们也可以通过nginx -s stop命令来停止服务，因为如果nginx服务启动的话，停止命令不会出现问题，如果服务未启动的话，那命令就会报错。

nginx服务启动

390_method_get-resource_shareToken_0666DC05D37C446CB17E2C046291D256_entryId_205468727

nignx服务未启动

387_method_get-resource_shareToken_0666DC05D37C446CB17E2C046291D256_entryId_205468727

然后我们接着来看服务重启的命令，也就是nginx -s reload

386_method_get-resource_shareToken_0666DC05D37C446CB17E2C046291D256_entryId_205468727

那如果服务启动有问题，我们应该如何来查看错误信息呢，我们可以在logs日志文件夹下面查看error.log的报错信息，所有nginx错误都会写在这个日志下面。

388_method_get-resource_shareToken_0666DC05D37C446CB17E2C046291D256_entryId_205468727

这边在给大家额外说一下我们遇到过的错误，最经常的就是nginx启动的默认端口被占用，导致启动出错。我们可以用netstat -ano | findstr 80 命令来查看这个端口被什么暂用，如果暂用的不是重要的进程，我们就可以通过taskkill /F /PID 1234来杀死这个进程，如果是系统占用的话，我们只能修改nginx默认的启动端口了。

总结：

nginx搭建和配置的过程中还是遇到过蛮多问题的，一个是端口启动被占用问题，一个是nginx启动不知道怎么去确定nginx是否启动问题。最后一个就是window下面的nginx命令不是很熟悉。好在问题都已经解决了，总之最可怕的不是问题，是有问题你还不知道。

要更多干货、技术猛料的孩子，快点拿起手机扫码关注我，我在这里等你哦~

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