JQuery Ajax后台无刷新验证用户名重复，前台验证两次密码一致，后台创建并验证验证码

曾经终败给现在 2022-05-15 22:09 191阅读 0赞

## 写在前面 ##

写web 的人，我想最先要解决的就是注册登录的界面了，一个小小的界面却包含着各种基本的知识，让我这个新手摸了一天。

## 效果图 ##

![这里写图片描述][70]

## 知识 ##

1.bootstrap渲染表单  
2.JQuery ajax验证用户名  
3.两次密码输入要一致  
4.后台密码验证  
5.点击图片刷新

## 代码 ##

### 前台 ###

`test.html`

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
        <script src="js/jquery-3.3.1.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    </head>
    <body>
    <div class="container">
        <div id="form-box" class="row col-md-6">
            <div class="row">
                <form class="form-horizontal" action="/RegisterValidateServlet" method="post">
                    <fieldset>
                        <legend>用户注册</legend>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="username" class="control-label col-md-2">用户名:</label>
                            <div class="col-md-6 has-feedback" id="username-box">
                                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" name="username" required>
                                <span id="user-exists" class="glyphicon form-control-feedback"></span>
                            </div>
                            <p id="username-help" class="help-block"></p>
                        </div>
    
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="password" class="control-label col-md-2">密码:</label>
                            <div class="col-md-6 ">
                                <input type="password" class="form-control" id="password" name="password" required>
                            </div>
                        </div>
    
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="password2" class="control-label col-md-2">确认密码:</label>
                            <div class="col-md-6 has-feedback" id="password2-box">
                                <input type="password" class="form-control" id="password2" name="password2" required>
                                <span id="miss-matching" class="glyphicon form-control-feedback"></span>
                            </div>
                            <p id="password2-help" class="help-block"></p>
                        </div>
    
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="identify" class="col-md-2 control-label">验证码:</label>
                            <div class="col-md-2">
                                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="identify" name="identify" required>
                            </div>
                            <img id="identify-code">
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <div class="col-md-6 col-md-push-2">
                                <input type="submit" class="btn btn-info" value="提交">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </fieldset>
                </form>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <script> $(function () { /*这个可以防止浏览器后退时候图片不刷新*/ $("#identify-code").prop("src", "/IdentifyingCodeServlet?" + new Date().getTime()); let $form = $("form"); /*点击框自动清空内容*/ $form.on("click", ":input[type!=submit]", function () { $(this).prop("value", ""); }); /*添加勾这个图标*/ function addOK(box, span) { span.removeClass("glyphicon-remove"); box.removeClass("has-error"); span.addClass("glyphicon-ok"); box.addClass("has-success"); } /*添加×这个图标*/ function addRemove(box, span) { span.removeClass("glyphicon-ok"); box.removeClass("has-success"); span.addClass("glyphicon-remove"); box.addClass("has-error"); } /*两次密码验证*/ $("#password2,#password").blur(function () { let password = $("#password").val(); let password2 = $("#password2").val(); let $missmatchingSpan = $("#miss-matching"); let $password2Box = $("#password2-box"); let $password2Help = $("#password2-help"); if (password.trim() === "" || password2.trim() === "" || password2 !== password) { addRemove($password2Box, $missmatchingSpan); $password2Help.html("两次密码不一致"); } else { addOK($password2Box, $missmatchingSpan); $password2Help.html(""); } }); /*ajax验证后台用户名是否存在*/ $("#username").blur(function () { let username = $("#username").val().trim(); if (username !== "") { $.ajax({ url: "RegisterValidateServlet", type: "post", data: { username: username }, dataType: "text", success: function (data) { let $usernameBox = $("#username-box"); let $userExistsSpan = $("#user-exists"); let $usernameHelp = $("#username-help"); if (data === "exists") { addRemove($usernameBox, $userExistsSpan); $usernameHelp.html("用户名已存在"); } else { addOK($usernameBox, $userExistsSpan); $usernameHelp.html("用户名可以用"); } }, error: function (error) { alert(error); } }) } }); /*点击生成新的验证码*/ $("#identify-code").click(function () { $(this).prop("src", "/IdentifyingCodeServlet?" + new Date().getTime()); }); }) </script>
    </body>
    </html>

由于这些代码都是自己想到的，肯定有更好的写法，比如用JQuery框架等，由于我是想从事后端的，就不在这上纠结了。图标是由官网来的，上面有教学，可以看下这里是地址[https://v3.bootcss.com/components/][https_v3.bootcss.com_components]，起步中有响应的bootstrap 渲染教程，也可以学习一下哈。ajax是很好的异步技术，是肯定要懂的。加上时间戳能够让浏览器不用缓存，发送新的请求。

## 后台 ##

`验证码Servlet`

package web.controller;
    
    import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.Random;
    
    @WebServlet(name = "IdentifyingCodeServlet")
    public class IdentifyingCodeServlet extends HttpServlet { 
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            BufferedImage bfi = new BufferedImage(80, 25, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
            Graphics2D graphics = (Graphics2D) bfi.getGraphics();
    
            // 设置背景色
            graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);
            graphics.fillRect(0, 0, 80, 25);
    
            // 设置边框
            graphics.setColor(Color.BLACK);
            graphics.drawRect(0, 0, 80 - 1, 25 - 1);
    
            String str = drawRandomNum(graphics);
            System.out.println(str);
    
            HttpSession session = request.getSession();
            session.setAttribute("identifyCode", str);
    
            drawPoint(bfi);
            drawInfluencedLine(graphics);
    
            response.setHeader("Expires", "-1");
            response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
            response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-store");
            response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
    
            response.setHeader("content-type", "image/jpeg");
    
            ImageIO.write(bfi, "jpg", response.getOutputStream());
        }
    
        // 画上点
        private void drawPoint(BufferedImage bfi) {
            int area = (int) (0.02 * 80 * 25);
            for (int i = 0; i < area; ++i) {
                int x = (int) (Math.random() * 80);
                int y = (int) (Math.random() * 25);
                bfi.setRGB(x, y, (int) (Math.random() * 255));
            }
        }
    
        private void drawInfluencedLine(Graphics2D g) {
            //设置验证码中的干扰线
            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
                Random random = new Random();
                //随机获取干扰线的起点和终点
                int xstart = random.nextInt(80);
                int ystart = random.nextInt(25);
                int xend = random.nextInt(80);
                int yend = random.nextInt(25);
                g.setColor(new Color(random.nextInt(255), random.nextInt(255), random.nextInt(255)));
                g.drawLine(xstart, ystart, xend, yend);
            }
        }
    
        // 生成随机数旋转后写入
        private String drawRandomNum(Graphics2D g) {
            char[] chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890".toCharArray();
            Random random = new Random();
            int index;
            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                // 从字符数组中获得随机字符
                index = random.nextInt(chars.length);
                String value = chars[index] + "";
                // 设置随机字符的颜色
                g.setColor(new Color(random.nextInt(255), random.nextInt(255), random.nextInt(255)));
                // 字体格式
                Font font = new Font(null, Font.BOLD, 20);
                g.setFont(font);
                //生成-30~30之间的数字
                int dgree = random.nextInt(60) - 30;
                //旋转
                g.rotate(dgree * Math.PI / 180, i * 20 + 2, 23);
                // 写入字符
                g.drawString(value, i * 20 + 2, 20);
                // 把画笔再转回去,免得影响下次的弧度
                g.rotate(-dgree * Math.PI / 180, i * 20 + 2, 23);
                builder.append(value);
            }
            return builder.toString();
        }
    }

验证码里面比较重要的就是，缓存的设置了，验证码这种及时性的需要禁止浏览器缓存，保证它的及时刷新。再加上前台的时间戳，就能够保证了。

`简单验证Servlet`

package web.controller;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.Enumeration;
    
    @WebServlet(name = "web.controller.RegisterValidateServlet")
    public class RegisterValidateServlet extends HttpServlet { 
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            doGet(request, response);
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
            response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
            response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
    
            String username = "123";
    
            String user = request.getParameter("username");
            String identifyCode = request.getParameter("identify");
    
            if (identifyCode != null) {
                String identifySession = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("identifyCode");
                if (identifyCode.equals(identifySession)) {
                    request.setAttribute("message", "注册成功");
                    request.getRequestDispatcher("/message.jsp").forward(request, response);
                }
            }
    
            if (user.equals(username)) {
                response.getWriter().write("exists");
            }
        }
    }

## 待改进之处 ##

*  如果有坏人自己写个html，把前台脚本都删掉，这个时候就需要后台的验证
 *  前台的两次密码相同处理不好，第一次输入密码的时候不应该有错误框。
 *  前台的复杂验证未实现，可以用正则表达式。

## 总结 ##

本次学习，一在练习bootstrap 和简单的JQuery，ajax，虽然以后从事后端，java代码熟悉。但是这些前台的东西，还是要了解的，不然你看着那个很丑的表格不难受吗？对吧。现在的知识很多，但是能慢慢学习的人却很少，所以 从什么时候开始学都不晚，我现在马上大四了，还在servlet+jsp期间，框架还没学，但是我相信只有把基础打牢，才能走得更远。共勉～

[70]: /images/20220516/e769677591a94ae29e5ec663f2f5b181.png
[https_v3.bootcss.com_components]: https://v3.bootcss.com/components/