linux中挂载硬盘

深藏阁楼爱情的钟 2022-05-08 21:46 134阅读 0赞

由于一块硬盘不够用了，需要再添加一个。现在添加好了需要挂载一下，这里有两种方式。一种是直接挂载硬盘，另一种是先将硬盘分区，然后再将分区进行挂载。  
**先来直接挂载硬盘**，查看一下系统分区：`df -h`

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
    Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                           43G  6.2G   35G  16% /
    /dev/sda1              99M   13M   81M  14% /boot
    tmpfs                 2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm

查看一下硬盘信息：`fdisk -l`

Disk /dev/sda: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
    /dev/sda2              14        6527    52323705   8e  Linux LVM
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    
    Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

对/dev/sdb进行格式化：`mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb` 输入y继续

mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
    /dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition!
    Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=4096 (log=2)
    Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
    1310720 inodes, 2621440 blocks
    131072 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=0
    Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354560
    80 block groups
    32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
    16384 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
    
    Writing inode tables: done                            
    Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 27 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

然后对硬盘进行挂载：`mount /dev/sdb /home` 再查看一下分区

设置开机自动挂载：`vi /etc/fstab` 追下下面语句

/dev/sdb        /home        ext3        defaults        0 0

**再来进行第二种分区挂载**，查看一下分区和硬盘：

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
    Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/centos-root   19G  4.1G   14G  24% /
    devtmpfs                 7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
    tmpfs                    7.8G   84K  7.8G   1% /dev/shm
    tmpfs                    7.8G   81M  7.7G   2% /run
    tmpfs                    7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    /dev/sda1                197M  144M   54M  74% /boot
    tmpfs                    1.6G  8.0K  1.6G   1% /run/user/42
    tmpfs                    1.6G   28K  1.6G   1% /run/user/0
    [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
    
    Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk label type: dos
    Disk identifier: 0x0003881d
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1   *        2048      411647      204800   83  Linux
    /dev/sda2          411648    41287679    20438016   8e  Linux LVM
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    
    
    Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 20.4 GB, 20396900352 bytes, 39837696 sectors
    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    
    
    Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 524 MB, 524288000 bytes, 1024000 sectors
    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

对sdb磁盘进行分区：`fdisk /dev/sdb`  
输入**p查看这个磁盘没有分区，输入n创建分区，d为删除分区，w进行保存**：

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
    
    Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
    Be careful before using the write command.
    
    Device does not contain a recognized partition table
    Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xc5bd59c9.
    
    Command (m for help): p
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk label type: dos
    Disk identifier: 0xc5bd59c9
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    
    Command (m for help): n
    Partition type:
       p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
       e   extended
    Select (default p): p
    Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
    First sector (2048-419430399, default 2048): 
    Using default value 2048
    Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-419430399, default 419430399): 
    Using default value 419430399
    Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 200 GiB is set
    
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.

再对分区进行格式化：`mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1`

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=4096 (log=2)
    Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
    Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
    13107200 inodes, 52428544 blocks
    2621427 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=0
    Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
    1600 block groups
    32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
    8192 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
    	4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
    
    Allocating group tables: done                            
    Writing inode tables: done                            
    Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

然后对分区进行挂载：`mount /dev/sdb1 /home` 并设置开机自挂载，也可以使用 `umount -l /dev/sdb1` 进行卸载，-l为强行卸载。