GPU CUDA编程中threadIdx, blockIdx, blockDim, gridDim之间的区别与联系

约定不等于承诺〃 2022-05-08 05:52 442阅读 0赞

在启动kernel的时候，要通过指定gridsize和blocksize才行，举下面的例子说说：  
dim3 gridsize(2,2);  
dim3 blocksize(4,4);  
gridsize相当于是一个2\*2的block，gridDim.x，gridDim.y，gridDim.z相当于这个dim3的x，y，z方向的维度，这里是2\*2\*1。序号从0到3，且是从上到下的顺序，就是说是下面的情况:  
grid中的blockidx序号标注情况为:

0	2
      	1	3

blocksize则是指里面的thread的情况，blockDim.x，blockDim.y，blockDim.z相当于这个dim3的x，y，z方向的维度，这里是4\*4\*1.序号是0-15，也是从上到下的标注：  
block中的threadidx序号标注情况：

0	4	8	12
    1	5	9	13
    2	6	10	14
    4	7	11	15

**具体：**  
threadIdx是一个uint3类型，表示一个线程的索引。  
blockIdx是一个uint3类型，表示一个线程块的索引，一个线程块中通常有多个线程。  
blockDim是一个dim3类型，表示线程块的大小。  
gridDim是一个dim3类型，表示网格的大小，一个网格中通常有多个线程块。  
下面这张图比较清晰的表示的几个概念的关系：  
![在这里插入图片描述][340413-20180811105518939-2118372300.png]  
cuda 通过<<< >>>符号来分配索引线程的方式，我知道的一共有15种索引方式。  
![在这里插入图片描述][494924-20170303224153626-1838869747.png]

#include "cuda_runtime.h"
    #include "device_launch_parameters.h"
    
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <iostream>
    
    using namespace std;
    
    //thread 1D
    __global__ void testThread1(int *c, const int *a, const int *b)
    {
        int i = threadIdx.x;
        c[i] = b[i] - a[i];
    }
    //thread 2D
    __global__ void testThread2(int *c, const int *a, const int *b)
    {
        int i = threadIdx.x + threadIdx.y*blockDim.x;
        c[i] = b[i] - a[i];
    }
    
    //thread 3D
    __global__ void testThread3(int *c, const int *a, const int *b)
    {
        int i = threadIdx.x + threadIdx.y*blockDim.x + threadIdx.z*blockDim.x*blockDim.y;
        c[i] = b[i] - a[i];
    }
    
    //block 1D
    __global__ void testBlock1(int *c, const int *a, const int *b)
    {
        int i = blockIdx.x;
        c[i] = b[i] - a[i];
    }
    
    //block 2D
    __global__ void testBlock2(int *c, const int *a, const int *b)
    {
        int i = blockIdx.x + blockIdx.y*gridDim.x;
        c[i] = b[i] - a[i];
    }
    
    //block 3D
    __global__ void testBlock3(int *c, const int *a, const int *b)
    {
        int i = blockIdx.x + blockIdx.y*gridDim.x + blockIdx.z*gridDim.x*gridDim.y;
        c[i] = b[i] - a[i];
    }
    
    //block-thread 1D-1D
    __global__ void testBlockThread1(int *c, const int *a, const int *b)
    {
        int i = threadIdx.x + blockDim.x*blockIdx.x;
        c[i] = b[i] - a[i];
    }
    
    //block-thread 1D-2D
    __global__ void testBlockThread2(int *c, const int *a, const int *b)
    {
        int threadId_2D = threadIdx.x + threadIdx.y*blockDim.x;
        int i = threadId_2D+ (blockDim.x*blockDim.y)*blockIdx.x;
        c[i] = b[i] - a[i];
    }
    
    //block-thread 1D-3D
    __global__ void testBlockThread3(int *c, const int *a, const int *b)
    {
        int threadId_3D = threadIdx.x + threadIdx.y*blockDim.x + threadIdx.z*blockDim.x*blockDim.y;
        int i = threadId_3D + (blockDim.x*blockDim.y*blockDim.z)*blockIdx.x;
        c[i] = b[i] - a[i];
    }
    
    //block-thread 2D-1D
    __global__ void testBlockThread4(int *c, const int *a, const int *b)
    {
        int blockId_2D = blockIdx.x + blockIdx.y*gridDim.x;
        int i = threadIdx.x + blockDim.x*blockId_2D;
        c[i] = b[i] - a[i];
    }
    
    //block-thread 3D-1D
    __global__ void testBlockThread5(int *c, const int *a, const int *b)
    {
        int blockId_3D = blockIdx.x + blockIdx.y*gridDim.x + blockIdx.z*gridDim.x*gridDim.y;
        int i = threadIdx.x + blockDim.x*blockId_3D;
        c[i] = b[i] - a[i];
    }
    
    //block-thread 2D-2D
    __global__ void testBlockThread6(int *c, const int *a, const int *b)
    {
        int threadId_2D = threadIdx.x + threadIdx.y*blockDim.x;
        int blockId_2D = blockIdx.x + blockIdx.y*gridDim.x;
        int i = threadId_2D + (blockDim.x*blockDim.y)*blockId_2D;
        c[i] = b[i] - a[i];
    }
    
    //block-thread 2D-3D
    __global__ void testBlockThread7(int *c, const int *a, const int *b)
    {
        int threadId_3D = threadIdx.x + threadIdx.y*blockDim.x + threadIdx.z*blockDim.x*blockDim.y;
        int blockId_2D = blockIdx.x + blockIdx.y*gridDim.x;
        int i = threadId_3D + (blockDim.x*blockDim.y*blockDim.z)*blockId_2D;
        c[i] = b[i] - a[i];
    }
    
    //block-thread 3D-2D
    __global__ void testBlockThread8(int *c, const int *a, const int *b)
    {
        int threadId_2D = threadIdx.x + threadIdx.y*blockDim.x;
        int blockId_3D = blockIdx.x + blockIdx.y*gridDim.x + blockIdx.z*gridDim.x*gridDim.y;
        int i = threadId_2D + (blockDim.x*blockDim.y)*blockId_3D;
        c[i] = b[i] - a[i];
    }
    
    //block-thread 3D-3D
    __global__ void testBlockThread9(int *c, const int *a, const int *b)
    {
        int threadId_3D = threadIdx.x + threadIdx.y*blockDim.x + threadIdx.z*blockDim.x*blockDim.y;
        int blockId_3D = blockIdx.x + blockIdx.y*gridDim.x + blockIdx.z*gridDim.x*gridDim.y;
        int i = threadId_3D + (blockDim.x*blockDim.y*blockDim.z)*blockId_3D;
        c[i] = b[i] - a[i];
    }
    
    void addWithCuda(int *c, const int *a, const int *b, unsigned int size)
    {
        int *dev_a = 0;
        int *dev_b = 0;
        int *dev_c = 0;
    
        cudaSetDevice(0);
    
        cudaMalloc((void**)&dev_c, size * sizeof(int));
        cudaMalloc((void**)&dev_a, size * sizeof(int));
        cudaMalloc((void**)&dev_b, size * sizeof(int));
    
        cudaMemcpy(dev_a, a, size * sizeof(int), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
        cudaMemcpy(dev_b, b, size * sizeof(int), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
    
    
        testThread1<<<1, size>>>(dev_c, dev_a, dev_b);
       //testThread1<<<1, size>>>(dev_c, dev_a, dev_b);
    
        //uint3 s;s.x = size/5;s.y = 5;s.z = 1;
        //testThread2 <<<1,s>>>(dev_c, dev_a, dev_b);
    
        //uint3 s; s.x = size / 10; s.y = 5; s.z = 2;
        //testThread3<<<1, s >>>(dev_c, dev_a, dev_b);
    
        //testBlock1<<<size,1 >>>(dev_c, dev_a, dev_b);
    
        //uint3 s; s.x = size / 5; s.y = 5; s.z = 1;
        //testBlock2<<<s, 1 >>>(dev_c, dev_a, dev_b);
    
        //uint3 s; s.x = size / 10; s.y = 5; s.z = 2;
        //testBlock3<<<s, 1 >>>(dev_c, dev_a, dev_b);
    
        //testBlockThread1<<<size/10, 10>>>(dev_c, dev_a, dev_b);
    
        //uint3 s1; s1.x = size / 100; s1.y = 1; s1.z = 1;
        //uint3 s2; s2.x = 10; s2.y = 10; s2.z = 1;
        //testBlockThread2 << <s1, s2 >> >(dev_c, dev_a, dev_b);
    
        //uint3 s1; s1.x = size / 100; s1.y = 1; s1.z = 1;
        //uint3 s2; s2.x = 10; s2.y = 5; s2.z = 2;
        //testBlockThread3 << <s1, s2 >> >(dev_c, dev_a, dev_b);
    
        //uint3 s1; s1.x = 10; s1.y = 10; s1.z = 1;
        //uint3 s2; s2.x = size / 100; s2.y = 1; s2.z = 1;
        //testBlockThread4 << <s1, s2 >> >(dev_c, dev_a, dev_b);
    
        //uint3 s1; s1.x = 10; s1.y = 5; s1.z = 2;
        //uint3 s2; s2.x = size / 100; s2.y = 1; s2.z = 1;
        //testBlockThread5 << <s1, s2 >> >(dev_c, dev_a, dev_b);
    
        //uint3 s1; s1.x = size / 100; s1.y = 10; s1.z = 1;
        //uint3 s2; s2.x = 5; s2.y = 2; s2.z = 1;
        //testBlockThread6 << <s1, s2 >> >(dev_c, dev_a, dev_b);
    
        //uint3 s1; s1.x = size / 100; s1.y = 5; s1.z = 1;
        //uint3 s2; s2.x = 5; s2.y = 2; s2.z = 2;
        //testBlockThread7 << <s1, s2 >> >(dev_c, dev_a, dev_b);
    
        //uint3 s1; s1.x = 5; s1.y = 2; s1.z = 2;
        //uint3 s2; s2.x = size / 100; s2.y = 5; s2.z = 1;
        //testBlockThread8 <<<s1, s2 >>>(dev_c, dev_a, dev_b);
    
        //uint3 s1; s1.x = 5; s1.y = 2; s1.z = 2;
        //uint3 s2; s2.x = size / 200; s2.y = 5; s2.z = 2;
        //testBlockThread9<<<s1, s2 >>>(dev_c, dev_a, dev_b);
    
        cudaMemcpy(c, dev_c, size*sizeof(int), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
    
        cudaFree(dev_a);
        cudaFree(dev_b);
        cudaFree(dev_c);
    
        cudaGetLastError();
    
    }
    int main()
    {
        const int n = 1000;
    
        int *a = new int[n];
        int *b = new int[n];
        int *c = new int[n];
        int *cc = new int[n];
    
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            a[i] = rand() % 100;
            b[i] = rand() % 100;
            c[i] = b[i] - a[i];
        }
    
        addWithCuda(cc, a, b, n);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            printf("%d %d\n", c[i], cc[i]);
    
        delete[] a;
        delete[] b;
        delete[] c;
        delete[] cc; 
    
        return 0;
    
    }

参考：[https://www.cnblogs.com/rainbow70626/p/6498738.html?utm\_source=itdadao&utm\_medium=referral][https_www.cnblogs.com_rainbow70626_p_6498738.html_utm_source_itdadao_utm_medium_referral]

[https://www.cnblogs.com/tiandsp/p/9458734.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_tiandsp_p_9458734.html]

[340413-20180811105518939-2118372300.png]: /images/20220508/9b64937a57ed45ee9f43e67508704deb.png
[494924-20170303224153626-1838869747.png]: /images/20220508/8bfeb1b074d549af8761fc50527f163d.png
[https_www.cnblogs.com_rainbow70626_p_6498738.html_utm_source_itdadao_utm_medium_referral]: https://www.cnblogs.com/rainbow70626/p/6498738.html?utm_source=itdadao&utm_medium=referral
[https_www.cnblogs.com_tiandsp_p_9458734.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/tiandsp/p/9458734.html