6-12 二叉搜索树的操作集（30 分）

一时失言乱红尘 2022-04-22 06:38 150阅读 0赞

本题要求实现给定二叉搜索树的5种常用操作。

## 函数接口定义： ##

BinTree Insert( BinTree BST, ElementType X );
    BinTree Delete( BinTree BST, ElementType X );
    Position Find( BinTree BST, ElementType X );
    Position FindMin( BinTree BST );
    Position FindMax( BinTree BST );

## 其中BinTree结构定义如下： ##

typedef struct TNode *Position;
    typedef Position BinTree;
    struct TNode{
        ElementType Data;
        BinTree Left;
        BinTree Right;
    };
    
    函数Insert将X插入二叉搜索树BST并返回结果树的根结点指针；
    函数Delete将X从二叉搜索树BST中删除，并返回结果树的根结点指针；如果X不在树中，则打印一行Not Found并返回原树的根结点指针；
    函数Find在二叉搜索树BST中找到X，返回该结点的指针；如果找不到则返回空指针；
    函数FindMin返回二叉搜索树BST中最小元结点的指针；
    函数FindMax返回二叉搜索树BST中最大元结点的指针。

## 裁判测试程序样例： ##

#include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    
    typedef int ElementType;
    typedef struct TNode *Position;
    typedef Position BinTree;
    struct TNode{
        ElementType Data;
        BinTree Left;
        BinTree Right;
    };
    
    void PreorderTraversal( BinTree BT ); /* 先序遍历，由裁判实现，细节不表 */
    void InorderTraversal( BinTree BT );  /* 中序遍历，由裁判实现，细节不表 */
    
    BinTree Insert( BinTree BST, ElementType X );
    BinTree Delete( BinTree BST, ElementType X );
    Position Find( BinTree BST, ElementType X );
    Position FindMin( BinTree BST );
    Position FindMax( BinTree BST );
    
    int main()
    {
        BinTree BST, MinP, MaxP, Tmp;
        ElementType X;
        int N, i;
    
        BST = NULL;
        scanf("%d", &N);
        for ( i=0; i<N; i++ ) {
            scanf("%d", &X);
            BST = Insert(BST, X);
        }
        printf("Preorder:"); PreorderTraversal(BST); printf("\n");
        MinP = FindMin(BST);
        MaxP = FindMax(BST);
        scanf("%d", &N);
        for( i=0; i<N; i++ ) {
            scanf("%d", &X);
            Tmp = Find(BST, X);
            if (Tmp == NULL) printf("%d is not found\n", X);
            else {
                printf("%d is found\n", Tmp->Data);
                if (Tmp==MinP) printf("%d is the smallest key\n", Tmp->Data);
                if (Tmp==MaxP) printf("%d is the largest key\n", Tmp->Data);
            }
        }
        scanf("%d", &N);
        for( i=0; i<N; i++ ) {
            scanf("%d", &X);
            BST = Delete(BST, X);
        }
        printf("Inorder:"); InorderTraversal(BST); printf("\n");
    
        return 0;
    }
    /* 你的代码将被嵌在这里 */

## 输入样例： ##

10
    5 8 6 2 4 1 0 10 9 7
    5
    6 3 10 0 5
    5
    5 7 0 10 3

## 输出样例： ##

Preorder: 5 2 1 0 4 8 6 7 10 9
    6 is found
    3 is not found
    10 is found
    10 is the largest key
    0 is found
    0 is the smallest key
    5 is found
    Not Found
    Inorder: 1 2 4 6 8 9

这个题的删除的函数写法很有意思。

#include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <bits/stdc++.h>
    using namespace std;
    
    typedef int ElementType;
    typedef struct TNode *Position;
    typedef Position BinTree;
    struct TNode{
        
        ElementType Data;
        BinTree Left;
        BinTree Right;
    };
    
    void PreorderTraversal( BinTree BT )
    {
        
        if(!BT)return;
        cout<<" "<<BT->Data;
        PreorderTraversal(BT->Left);
        PreorderTraversal(BT->Right);
    } 
    void InorderTraversal( BinTree BT ){
        
        if(!BT)return;
        InorderTraversal(BT->Left);
        cout<<" "<<BT->Data;
        InorderTraversal(BT->Right);
    }  
    
    BinTree Insert( BinTree BST, ElementType X );
    BinTree Delete( BinTree BST, ElementType X );
    Position Find( BinTree BST, ElementType X );
    Position FindMin( BinTree BST );
    Position FindMax( BinTree BST );
    
    int main()
    {
        
        BinTree BST, MinP, MaxP, Tmp;
        ElementType X;
        int N, i;
        BST = NULL;
        scanf("%d", &N);
        for ( i=0; i<N; i++ ) {
        
            scanf("%d", &X);
            BST = Insert(BST, X);
        }
        printf("Preorder:"); PreorderTraversal(BST); printf("\n");
        MinP = FindMin(BST);
        MaxP = FindMax(BST);
        scanf("%d", &N);
        for( i=0; i<N; i++ ) {
        
            scanf("%d", &X);
            Tmp = Find(BST, X);
            if (Tmp == NULL) printf("%d is not found\n", X);
            else {
        
                printf("%d is found\n", Tmp->Data);
                if (Tmp==MinP) printf("%d is the smallest key\n", Tmp->Data);
                if (Tmp==MaxP) printf("%d is the largest key\n", Tmp->Data);
            }
        }
        scanf("%d", &N);
        for( i=0; i<N; i++ ) {
        
            scanf("%d", &X);
            BST = Delete(BST, X);
        }
        printf("Inorder:"); InorderTraversal(BST); printf("\n");
    
        return 0;
    }
    
    BinTree Insert( BinTree BST, ElementType x )
    {
        
        if(!BST){
        
            BinTree p=(BinTree)malloc(sizeof(BinTree));
            p->Data=x;
            p->Left=p->Right=NULL;
            BST=p;
        }
        else if(x<BST->Data)BST->Left=Insert(BST->Left,x);
        else if(x>BST->Data)BST->Right=Insert(BST->Right,x);
        return BST;
    }
    BinTree Delete( BinTree BST, ElementType x )
    {
        
        if(!BST){
        
            printf("Not Found\n");
        }
        else {
        
            if(x<BST->Data)BST->Left=Delete(BST->Left,x);
            else if(x>BST->Data)BST->Right=Delete(BST->Right,x);
            else if(x==BST->Data){
        
                if(BST->Left&&BST->Right){
        
                    BinTree t=FindMin(BST->Right);
                    BST->Data=t->Data;
                    BST->Right=Delete(BST->Right,BST->Data);
                }
                else {
        
                    if(!BST->Left)BST=BST->Right;
                    else if(!BST->Right)BST=BST->Left;
                }
            }
        }
        return BST;
    }
    Position Find( BinTree BST, ElementType x )
    {
        
        if(!BST)return NULL;
        if(BST->Data==x)return BST;
        else if(x<BST->Data)return Find(BST->Left,x);
        else if(x>BST->Data)return Find(BST->Right,x);
        return BST;
    }
    Position FindMin( BinTree BST )
    {
        
        if(BST){
        
           if(BST->Left)return FindMin(BST->Left);
           else return BST;
        }
    }
    Position FindMax( BinTree BST )
    {
        
        if(BST){
        
           if(BST->Right)return FindMax(BST->Right);
           else return BST;
        }
    }