Linux下C/C++开发辅助工具astyle、cppcheck和valgrind的使用

妖狐艹你老母 2022-04-11 06:11 793阅读 0赞

转自  
\[url\]http://blog.csdn.net/zengzhaohu2012/article/details/49405597\[/url\]  
  
  
\[align=center\]\[color=red\]\[size=medium\]\[b\]一、astyle\[/b\]\[/size\]\[/color\]\[/align\]  
astyle(Artistic Style) is a source code indenter, formatter, and beautifier for the C, C++, C++/CLI, Objective‑C, C\# and Java programming languages.  
  
\[b\]1 Linux下的安装使用\[/b\]  
1.1 安装  
\[url\]http://astyle.sourceforge.net/\[/url\] ，解压、编译、安装；  
Ubunut 终端下安装：

sudo apt-get install astyle

1.2 使用

astyle --style=kr -p *.cpp *.h（我司代码规范要求，使用K&R代码风格，操作符两边插入空格）

\[b\]2 编写shell脚本批量格式化源码\[/b\]

#! /bin/bash
    #批量格式化
    for f in $(find . -name '*.c' -or -name '*.cpp' -or -name '*.h' -type f)
    do
         astyle --style=kr -p $f
    done
    
    # 删除.orig文件
    for f in $(find . -name '*.orig' -type f)
    do
         rm $f
    done

\[b\]3 astyle使用帮助\[/b\]

Artistic Style 2.03
                             Maintained by: Jim Pattee
                           Original Author: Tal Davidson
    
    Usage  :  astyle [options] Source1.cpp Source2.cpp  [...]
              astyle [options] < Original > Beautified
    
    When indenting a specific file, the resulting indented file RETAINS the
    original file-name. The original pre-indented file is renamed, with a
    suffix of ".orig" added to the original filename.
    
    Wildcards (* and ?) may be used in the filename.
    A 'recursive' option can process directories recursively.
    
    By default, astyle is set up to indent C/C++/C#/Java files, with four
    spaces per indent, a maximal indentation of 40 spaces inside continuous
    statements, a minimum indentation of eight spaces inside conditional
    statements, and NO formatting options.
    
    Option's Format:
    ----------------
        Long options (starting with '--') must be written one at a time.
        Short options (starting with '-') may be appended together.
        Thus, -bps4 is the same as -b -p -s4.
    
    Default options file:
    ---------------------
        Artistic Style looks for a default options file in the
        following order:
        1. The contents of the ARTISTIC_STYLE_OPTIONS environment
           variable if it exists.
        2. The file called .astylerc in the directory pointed to by the
           HOME environment variable ( i.e. $HOME/.astylerc ).
        3. The file called astylerc in the directory pointed to by the
           USERPROFILE environment variable ( i.e. %USERPROFILE%\astylerc ).
        If a default options file is found, the options in this file
        will be parsed BEFORE the command-line options.
        Long options within the default option file may be written without
        the preliminary '--'.
    
    Bracket Style Options:
    ----------------------
        --style=allman  OR  --style=ansi  OR  --style=bsd
    	    OR  --style=break  OR  -A1
        Allman style formatting/indenting.
        Broken brackets.
    
        --style=java  OR  --style=attach  OR  -A2
        Java style formatting/indenting.
        Attached brackets.
    
        --style=kr  OR  --style=k&r  OR  --style=k/r  OR  -A3
        Kernighan & Ritchie style formatting/indenting.
        Linux brackets.
    
        --style=stroustrup  OR  -A4
        Stroustrup style formatting/indenting.
        Stroustrup brackets.
    
        --style=whitesmith  OR  -A5
        Whitesmith style formatting/indenting.
        Broken, indented brackets.
        Indented class blocks and switch blocks.
    
        --style=banner  OR  -A6
        Banner style formatting/indenting.
        Attached, indented brackets.
        Indented class blocks and switch blocks.
    
        --style=gnu  OR  -A7
        GNU style formatting/indenting.
        Broken brackets, indented blocks.
    
        --style=linux  OR  -A8
        Linux style formatting/indenting.
        Linux brackets, minimum conditional indent is one-half indent.
    
        --style=horstmann  OR  -A9
        Horstmann style formatting/indenting.
        Run-in brackets, indented switches.
    
        --style=1tbs  OR  --style=otbs  OR  -A10
        One True Brace Style formatting/indenting.
        Linux brackets, add brackets to all conditionals.
    
        --style=pico  OR  -A11
        Pico style formatting/indenting.
        Run-in opening brackets and attached closing brackets.
        Uses keep one line blocks and keep one line statements.
    
        --style=lisp  OR  -A12
        Lisp style formatting/indenting.
        Attached opening brackets and attached closing brackets.
        Uses keep one line statements.
    
    Tab Options:
    ------------
        default indent option
        If no indentation option is set, the default
        option of 4 spaces per indent will be used.
    
        --indent=spaces=#  OR  -s#
        Indent using # spaces per indent. Not specifying #
        will result in a default of 4 spaces per indent.
    
        --indent=tab  OR  --indent=tab=#  OR  -t  OR  -t#
        Indent using tab characters, assuming that each
        indent is # spaces long. Not specifying # will result
        in a default assumption of 4 spaces per indent.
    
        --indent=force-tab=#  OR  -T#
        Indent using tab characters, assuming that each
        indent is # spaces long. Force tabs to be used in areas
        AStyle would prefer to use spaces.
    
        --indent=force-tab-x=#  OR  -xT#
        Allows the tab length to be set to a length that is different
        from the indent length. This may cause the indentation to be
        a mix of both spaces and tabs. This option sets the tab length.
    
    Indentation options:
    --------------------
        --indent-classes  OR  -C
        Indent 'class' blocks, so that the inner 'public:',
        'protected:' and 'private: headers are indented in
        relation to the class block.
    
        --indent-switches  OR  -S
        Indent 'switch' blocks, so that the inner 'case XXX:'
        headers are indented in relation to the switch block.
    
        --indent-cases  OR  -K
        Indent case blocks from the 'case XXX:' headers.
        Case statements not enclosed in blocks are NOT indented.
    
        --indent-namespaces  OR  -N
        Indent the contents of namespace blocks.
    
        --indent-labels  OR  -L
        Indent labels so that they appear one indent less than
        the current indentation level, rather than being
        flushed completely to the left (which is the default).
    
        --indent-preprocessor  OR  -w
        Indent multi-line #define statements.
    
        --indent-col1-comments  OR  -Y
        Indent line comments that start in column one.
    
        --min-conditional-indent=#  OR  -m#
        Indent a minimal # spaces in a continuous conditional
        belonging to a conditional header.
        The valid values are:
        0 - no minimal indent.
        1 - indent at least one additional indent.
        2 - indent at least two additional indents.
        3 - indent at least one-half an additional indent.
        The default value is 2, two additional indents.
    
        --max-instatement-indent=#  OR  -M#
        Indent a maximal # spaces in a continuous statement,
        relative to the previous line.
        The valid values are 40 thru 120.
        The default value is 40.
    
    Padding options:
    --------------------
        --break-blocks  OR  -f
        Insert empty lines around unrelated blocks, labels, classes, ...
    
        --break-blocks=all  OR  -F
        Like --break-blocks, except also insert empty lines 
        around closing headers (e.g. 'else', 'catch', ...).
    
        --pad-oper  OR  -p
        Insert space padding around operators.
    
        --pad-paren  OR  -P
        Insert space padding around parenthesis on both the outside
        and the inside.
    
        --pad-paren-out  OR  -d
        Insert space padding around parenthesis on the outside only.
    
        --pad-first-paren-out  OR  -xd
        Insert space padding around first parenthesis in a series on
        the outside only.
    
        --pad-paren-in  OR  -D
        Insert space padding around parenthesis on the inside only.
    
        --pad-header  OR  -H
        Insert space padding after paren headers (e.g. 'if', 'for'...).
    
        --unpad-paren  OR  -U
        Remove unnecessary space padding around parenthesis. This
        can be used in combination with the 'pad' options above.
    
        --delete-empty-lines  OR  -xd
        Delete empty lines within a function or method.
        It will NOT delete lines added by the break-blocks options.
    
        --fill-empty-lines  OR  -E
        Fill empty lines with the white space of their
        previous lines.
    
        --align-pointer=type    OR  -k1
        --align-pointer=middle  OR  -k2
        --align-pointer=name    OR  -k3
        Attach a pointer or reference operator (*, &, or ^) to either
        the operator type (left), middle, or operator name (right).
        To align the reference separately use --align-reference.
    
        --align-reference=none    OR  -W0
        --align-reference=type    OR  -W1
        --align-reference=middle  OR  -W2
        --align-reference=name    OR  -W3
        Attach a reference operator (&) to either
        the operator type (left), middle, or operator name (right).
        If not set, follow pointer alignment.
    
    Formatting options:
    -------------------
        --break-closing-brackets  OR  -y
        Break brackets before closing headers (e.g. 'else', 'catch', ...).
        Use with --brackets=attach, --brackets=linux, 
        or --brackets=stroustrup.
    
        --break-elseifs  OR  -e
        Break 'else if()' statements into two different lines.
    
        --add-brackets  OR  -j
        Add brackets to unbracketed one line conditional statements.
    
        --add-one-line-brackets  OR  -J
        Add one line brackets to unbracketed one line conditional
        statements.
    
        --keep-one-line-blocks  OR  -O
        Don't break blocks residing completely on one line.
    
        --keep-one-line-statements  OR  -o
        Don't break lines containing multiple statements into
        multiple single-statement lines.
    
        --convert-tabs  OR  -c
        Convert tabs to the appropriate number of spaces.
    
        --close-templates  OR  -xy
        Close ending angle brackets on template definitions.
    
        --max-code-length=#    OR  -xC#
        --break-after-logical  OR  -xL
        max-code-length=# will break the line if it exceeds more than
        # characters. The valid values are 50 thru 200.
        If the line contains logical conditionals they will be placed
        first on the new line. The option break-after-logical will
        cause the logical conditional to be placed last on the
        previous line.
    
        --mode=c
        Indent a C or C++ source file (this is the default).
    
        --mode=java
        Indent a Java source file.
    
        --mode=cs
        Indent a C# source file.
    
    Other options:
    --------------
        --suffix=####
        Append the suffix #### instead of '.orig' to original filename.
    
        --suffix=none  OR  -n
        Do not retain a backup of the original file.
    
        --recursive  OR  -r  OR  -R
        Process subdirectories recursively.
    
        --exclude=####
        Specify a file or directory #### to be excluded from processing.
    
        ignore-exclude-errors  OR  -i
        Allow processing to continue if there are errors in the exclude=###
        options. It will display the unmatched excludes.
    
        ignore-exclude-errors-x  OR  -xi
        Allow processing to continue if there are errors in the exclude=###
        options. It will NOT display the unmatched excludes.
    
        --errors-to-stdout  OR  -X
        Print errors and help information to standard-output rather than
        to standard-error.
    
        --preserve-date  OR  -Z
        The date and time modified will not be changed in the formatted file.
    
        --verbose  OR  -v
        Verbose mode. Extra informational messages will be displayed.
    
        --formatted  OR  -Q
        Formatted display mode. Display only the files that have been formatted.
    
        --quiet  OR  -q
        Quiet mode. Suppress all output except error messages.
    
        --lineend=windows  OR  -z1
        --lineend=linux    OR  -z2
        --lineend=macold   OR  -z3
        Force use of the specified line end style. Valid options
        are windows (CRLF), linux (LF), and macold (CR).
    
    Command Line Only:
    ------------------
        --options=####
        Specify an options file #### to read and use.
    
        --options=none
        Disable the default options file.
        Only the command-line parameters will be used.
    
        --ascii  OR  -I
        The displayed output will be ascii characters only.
    
        --version  OR  -V
        Print version number.
    
        --help  OR  -h  OR  -?
        Print this help message.

\[align=center\]\[size=medium\]\[color=red\]\[b\]二、cppcheck\[/b\]\[/color\]\[/size\]\[/align\]  
Cppcheck is an analysis tool for C/C++ code. Unlike C/C++ compilers and many other analysis tools, it doesn't detect syntax errors. Cppcheck only detects the types of bugs that the compilers normally fail to detect. The goal is no false positives.  
  
\[b\]1 Linux下安装使用\[/b\]  
1.1 安装  
\[url\]http://sourceforge.net/projects/cppcheck/files/cppcheck/\[/url\]，解压、编译、安装；  
还可以用git获取项目源码：

git clone git://github.com/danmar/cppcheck.git

Ubunut 终端下安装：

sudo apt-get install cppcheck

\[b\]1.2 使用\[/b\]

cppcheck -j 3 ~/Project (开启3个线程去检查Project目录下的源码，默认的--   enable==error)；
        cppcheck -j 3 --enable=all ~/Project ；
        cppcheck -j 3 --enable=all --xml 2>err.xml ./  (生成检测报告)。

\[b\]2 cppcheck使用帮助\[/b\]  
参考资料：  
\[url\]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cppcheck\[/url\]  
\[url\]http://sourceforge.net/p/cppcheck/wiki/Home/\[/url\]  
h\[url\]ttp://blog.csdn.net/yzlworld/article/details/29572051\[/url\]

Cppcheck - A tool for static C/C++ code analysis
    
    Syntax:
        cppcheck [OPTIONS] [files or paths]
    
    If a directory is given instead of a filename, *.cpp, *.cxx, *.cc, *.c++, *.c,
    *.tpp, and *.txx files are checked recursively from the given directory.
    
    Options:
        --append=<file>      This allows you to provide information about functions
                             by providing an implementation for them.
        --check-config       Check cppcheck configuration. The normal code
                             analysis is disabled by this flag.
        --check-library      Show information messages when library files have
                             incomplete info.
        -D<ID>               Define preprocessor symbol. Unless --max-configs or
                             --force is used, Cppcheck will only check the given
                             configuration when -D is used.
                             Example: '-DDEBUG=1 -D__cplusplus'.
        -U<ID>               Undefine preprocessor symbol. Use -U to explicitly
                             hide certain #ifdef <ID> code paths from checking.
                             Example: '-UDEBUG'
        --enable=<id>        Enable additional checks. The available ids are:
                              * all
                                      Enable all checks. It is recommended to only
                                      use --enable=all when the whole program is
                                      scanned, because this enables unusedFunction.
                              * warning
                                      Enable warning messages
                              * style
                                      Enable all coding style checks. All messages
                                      with the severities 'style', 'performance' and
                                      'portability' are enabled.
                              * performance
                                      Enable performance messages
                              * portability
                                      Enable portability messages
                              * information
                                      Enable information messages
                              * unusedFunction
                                      Check for unused functions. It is recommend
                                      to only enable this when the whole program is
                                      scanned.
                              * missingInclude
                                      Warn if there are missing includes. For
                                      detailed information, use '--check-config'.
                             Several ids can be given if you separate them with
                             commas. See also --std
        --error-exitcode=<n> If errors are found, integer [n] is returned instead of
                             the default '0'. '1' is returned
                             if arguments are not valid or if no input files are
                             provided. Note that your operating system can modify
                             this value, e.g. '256' can become '0'.
        --errorlist          Print a list of all the error messages in XML format.
        --exitcode-suppressions=<file>
                             Used when certain messages should be displayed but
                             should not cause a non-zero exitcode.
        --file-list=<file>   Specify the files to check in a text file. Add one
                             filename per line. When file is '-,' the file list will
                             be read from standard input.
        -f, --force          Force checking of all configurations in files. If used
                             together with '--max-configs=', the last option is the
                             one that is effective.
        -h, --help           Print this help.
        -I <dir>             Give path to search for include files. Give several -I
                             parameters to give several paths. First given path is
                             searched for contained header files first. If paths are
                             relative to source files, this is not needed.
        --includes-file=<file>
                             Specify directory paths to search for included header
                             files in a text file. Add one include path per line.
                             First given path is searched for contained header
                             files first. If paths are relative to source files,
                             this is not needed.
        --include=<file>
                             Force inclusion of a file before the checked file. Can
                             be used for example when checking the Linux kernel,
                             where autoconf.h needs to be included for every file
                             compiled. Works the same way as the GCC -include
                             option.
        -i <dir or file>     Give a source file or source file directory to exclude
                             from the check. This applies only to source files so
                             header files included by source files are not matched.
                             Directory name is matched to all parts of the path.
        --inconclusive       Allow that Cppcheck reports even though the analysis is
                             inconclusive.
                             There are false positives with this option. Each result
                             must be carefully investigated before you know if it is
                             good or bad.
        --inline-suppr       Enable inline suppressions. Use them by placing one or
                             more comments, like: '// cppcheck-suppress warningId'
                             on the lines before the warning to suppress.
        -j <jobs>            Start [jobs] threads to do the checking simultaneously.
        --language=<language>, -x <language>
                             Forces cppcheck to check all files as the given
                             language. Valid values are: c, c++
        --library=<cfg>
                             Use library configuration.
        --max-configs=<limit>
                             Maximum number of configurations to check in a file
                             before skipping it. Default is '12'. If used together
                             with '--force', the last option is the one that is
                             effective.
        --platform=<type>    Specifies platform specific types and sizes. The
                             available platforms are:
                              * unix32
                                     32 bit unix variant
                              * unix64
                                     64 bit unix variant
                              * win32A
                                     32 bit Windows ASCII character encoding
                              * win32W
                                     32 bit Windows UNICODE character encoding
                              * win64
                                     64 bit Windows
        -q, --quiet          Only print error messages.
        -rp, --relative-paths
        -rp=<paths>, --relative-paths=<paths>
                             Use relative paths in output. When given, <paths> are
                             used as base. You can separate multiple paths by ';'.
                             Otherwise path where source files are searched is used.
                             We use string comparison to create relative paths, so
                             using e.g. ~ for home folder does not work. It is
                             currently only possible to apply the base paths to
                             files that are on a lower level in the directory tree.
        --report-progress    Report progress messages while checking a file.
        --rule=<rule>        Match regular expression.
        --rule-file=<file>   Use given rule file. For more information, see: 
                             https://sourceforge.net/projects/cppcheck/files/Articles/
        --std=<id>           Set standard.
                             The available options are:
                              * posix
                                     POSIX compatible code
                              * c89
                                     C code is C89 compatible
                              * c99
                                     C code is C99 compatible
                              * c11
                                     C code is C11 compatible (default)
                              * c++03
                                     C++ code is C++03 compatible
                              * c++11
                                     C++ code is C++11 compatible (default)
                             More than one --std can be used:
                               'cppcheck --std=c99 --std=posix file.c'
        --suppress=<spec>    Suppress warnings that match <spec>. The format of
                             <spec> is:
                             [error id]:[filename]:[line]
                             The [filename] and [line] are optional. If [error id]
                             is a wildcard '*', all error ids match.
        --suppressions-list=<file>
                             Suppress warnings listed in the file. Each suppression
                             is in the same format as <spec> above.
        --template='<text>'  Format the error messages. E.g.
                             '{file}:{line},{severity},{id},{message}' or
                             '{file}({line}):({severity}) {message}' or
                             '{callstack} {message}'
                             Pre-defined templates: gcc, vs, edit.
        -v, --verbose        Output more detailed error information.
        --version            Print out version number.
        --xml                Write results in xml format to error stream (stderr).
        --xml-version=<version>
                             Select the XML file version. Currently versions 1 and
                             2 are available. The default version is 1.
    Example usage:
      # Recursively check the current folder. Print the progress on the screen and
      # write errors to a file:
      cppcheck . 2> err.txt
    
      # Recursively check ../myproject/ and don't print progress:
      cppcheck --quiet ../myproject/
    
      # Check test.cpp, enable all checks:
      cppcheck --enable=all --inconclusive --std=posix test.cpp
    
      # Check f.cpp and search include files from inc1/ and inc2/:
      cppcheck -I inc1/ -I inc2/ f.cpp
    
    For more information:
        http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net/manual.pdf

\[align=center\]\[size=medium\]\[color=red\]\[b\]三、valgrind\[/b\]\[/color\]\[/size\]\[/align\]  
Valgrind is an instrumentation framework for building dynamic analysis tools. There are Valgrind tools that can automatically detect many memory management and threading bugs, and profile your programs in detail. You can also use Valgrind to build new tools.  
  
\[b\]1 Linux下的安装使用\[/b\]  
  
\[b\]1.1 安装\[/b\]  
\[url\]http://www.valgrind.org/downloads/current.html\#current\[/url\] ，下载，解压，编译，安装；  
ubuntu终端下安装：

sudo apt-get install valgrind

\[b\]1.2 使用\[/b\]  
内存错误的检查：

valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full ./a.out

多线程错误的检查：

valgrind --tool=helgrind ./thread.out

\[b\]2 valgrind相关参考及帮助\[/b\]  
\[url\]https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Valgrind\[/url\]  
\[url\]http://blog.csdn.net/sduliulun/article/details/7732906\[/url\]  
\[url\]http://www.oschina.net/translate/valgrind-memcheck\[/url\]  
  
多线程分析：  
\[url\]http://www.th7.cn/Program/cp/201408/267519.shtml\[/url\]  
\[url\]http://www.tuicool.com/articles/nUZJBb2\[/url\]

usage: valgrind [options] prog-and-args
    
      tool-selection option, with default in [ ]:
        --tool=<name>             use the Valgrind tool named <name> [memcheck]
    
      basic user options for all Valgrind tools, with defaults in [ ]:
        -h --help                 show this message
        --help-debug              show this message, plus debugging options
        --version                 show version
        -q --quiet                run silently; only print error msgs
        -v --verbose              be more verbose -- show misc extra info
        --trace-children=no|yes   Valgrind-ise child processes (follow execve)? [no]
        --trace-children-skip=patt1,patt2,...    specifies a list of executables
                                  that --trace-children=yes should not trace into
        --trace-children-skip-by-arg=patt1,patt2,...   same as --trace-children-skip=
                                  but check the argv[] entries for children, rather
                                  than the exe name, to make a follow/no-follow decision
        --child-silent-after-fork=no|yes omit child output between fork & exec? [no]
        --vgdb=no|yes|full        activate gdbserver? [yes]
                                  full is slower but provides precise watchpoint/step
        --vgdb-error=<number>     invoke gdbserver after <number> errors [999999999]
                                  to get started quickly, use --vgdb-error=0
                                  and follow the on-screen directions
        --track-fds=no|yes        track open file descriptors? [no]
        --time-stamp=no|yes       add timestamps to log messages? [no]
        --log-fd=<number>         log messages to file descriptor [2=stderr]
        --log-file=<file>         log messages to <file>
        --log-socket=ipaddr:port  log messages to socket ipaddr:port
    
      user options for Valgrind tools that report errors:
        --xml=yes                 emit error output in XML (some tools only)
        --xml-fd=<number>         XML output to file descriptor
        --xml-file=<file>         XML output to <file>
        --xml-socket=ipaddr:port  XML output to socket ipaddr:port
        --xml-user-comment=STR    copy STR verbatim into XML output
        --demangle=no|yes         automatically demangle C++ names? [yes]
        --num-callers=<number>    show <number> callers in stack traces [12]
        --error-limit=no|yes      stop showing new errors if too many? [yes]
        --error-exitcode=<number> exit code to return if errors found [0=disable]
        --show-below-main=no|yes  continue stack traces below main() [no]
        --suppressions=<filename> suppress errors described in <filename>
        --gen-suppressions=no|yes|all    print suppressions for errors? [no]
        --db-attach=no|yes        start debugger when errors detected? [no]
        --db-command=<command>    command to start debugger [/usr/bin/gdb -nw %f %p]
        --input-fd=<number>       file descriptor for input [0=stdin]
        --dsymutil=no|yes         run dsymutil on Mac OS X when helpful? [no]
        --max-stackframe=<number> assume stack switch for SP changes larger
                                  than <number> bytes [2000000]
        --main-stacksize=<number> set size of main thread's stack (in bytes)
                                  [min(max(current 'ulimit' value,1MB),16MB)]
    
      user options for Valgrind tools that replace malloc:
        --alignment=<number>      set minimum alignment of heap allocations [16]
        --redzone-size=<number>   set minimum size of redzones added before/after
                                  heap blocks (in bytes). [16]
    
      uncommon user options for all Valgrind tools:
        --fullpath-after=         (with nothing after the '=')
                                  show full source paths in call stacks
        --fullpath-after=string   like --fullpath-after=, but only show the
                                  part of the path after 'string'.  Allows removal
                                  of path prefixes.  Use this flag multiple times
                                  to specify a set of prefixes to remove.
        --extra-debuginfo-path=path    absolute path to search for additional
                                  debug symbols, in addition to existing default
                                  well known search paths.
        --debuginfo-server=ipaddr:port    also query this server
                                  (valgrind-di-server) for debug symbols
        --allow-mismatched-debuginfo=no|yes  [no]
                                  for the above two flags only, accept debuginfo
                                  objects that don't "match" the main object
        --smc-check=none|stack|all|all-non-file [stack]
                                  checks for self-modifying code: none, only for
                                  code found in stacks, for all code, or for all
                                  code except that from file-backed mappings
        --read-var-info=yes|no    read debug info on stack and global variables
                                  and use it to print better error messages in
                                  tools that make use of it (Memcheck, Helgrind,
                                  DRD) [no]
        --vgdb-poll=<number>      gdbserver poll max every <number> basic blocks [5000] 
        --vgdb-shadow-registers=no|yes   let gdb see the shadow registers [no]
        --vgdb-prefix=<prefix>    prefix for vgdb FIFOs [/tmp/vgdb-pipe]
        --run-libc-freeres=no|yes free up glibc memory at exit on Linux? [yes]
        --sim-hints=hint1,hint2,...  known hints:
                                     lax-ioctls, enable-outer, fuse-compatible [none]
        --fair-sched=no|yes|try   schedule threads fairly on multicore systems [no]
        --kernel-variant=variant1,variant2,...  known variants: bproc [none]
                                  handle non-standard kernel variants
        --merge-recursive-frames=<number>  merge frames between identical
               program counters in max <number> frames) [0]
        --num-transtab-sectors=<number> size of translated code cache [16]
               more sectors may increase performance, but use more memory.
        --show-emwarns=no|yes     show warnings about emulation limits? [no]
        --require-text-symbol=:sonamepattern:symbolpattern    abort run if the
                                  stated shared object doesn't have the stated
                                  text symbol.  Patterns can contain ? and *.
        --soname-synonyms=syn1=pattern1,syn2=pattern2,... synonym soname
                  specify patterns for function wrapping or replacement.
                  To use a non-libc malloc library that is
                      in the main exe:  --soname-synonyms=somalloc=NONE
                      in libxyzzy.so:   --soname-synonyms=somalloc=libxyzzy.so
        --sigill-diagnostics=yes|no  warn about illegal instructions? [yes]
        --unw-stack-scan-thresh=<number>   Enable stack-scan unwind if fewer
                      than <number> good frames found  [0, meaning "disabled"]
                      NOTE: stack scanning is only available on arm-linux.
        --unw-stack-scan-frames=<number>   Max number of frames that can be
                      recovered by stack scanning [5]
    
      user options for Memcheck:
        --leak-check=no|summary|full     search for memory leaks at exit?  [summary]
        --leak-resolution=low|med|high   differentiation of leak stack traces [high]
        --show-leak-kinds=kind1,kind2,.. which leak kinds to show?
                                                [definite,possible]
        --errors-for-leak-kinds=kind1,kind2,..  which leak kinds are errors?
                                                [definite,possible]
            where kind is one of definite indirect possible reachable all none
        --leak-check-heuristics=heur1,heur2,... which heuristics to use for
            improving leak search false positive [none]
            where heur is one of stdstring newarray multipleinheritance all none
        --show-reachable=yes             same as --show-leak-kinds=all
        --show-reachable=no --show-possibly-lost=yes
                                         same as --show-leak-kinds=definite,possible
        --show-reachable=no --show-possibly-lost=no
                                         same as --show-leak-kinds=definite
        --undef-value-errors=no|yes      check for undefined value errors [yes]
        --track-origins=no|yes           show origins of undefined values? [no]
        --partial-loads-ok=no|yes        too hard to explain here; see manual [no]
        --freelist-vol=<number>          volume of freed blocks queue     [20000000]
        --freelist-big-blocks=<number>   releases first blocks with size>= [1000000]
        --workaround-gcc296-bugs=no|yes  self explanatory [no]
        --ignore-ranges=0xPP-0xQQ[,0xRR-0xSS]   assume given addresses are OK
        --malloc-fill=<hexnumber>        fill malloc'd areas with given value
        --free-fill=<hexnumber>          fill free'd areas with given value
        --keep-stacktraces=alloc|free|alloc-and-free|alloc-then-free|none
            stack trace(s) to keep for malloc'd/free'd areas       [alloc-then-free]
    
      Extra options read from ~/.valgrindrc, $VALGRIND_OPTS, ./.valgrindrc
    
      Memcheck is Copyright (C) 2002-2013, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
      Valgrind is Copyright (C) 2000-2013, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
      LibVEX is Copyright (C) 2004-2013, and GNU GPL'd, by OpenWorks LLP et al.
    
      Bug reports, feedback, admiration, abuse, etc, to: www.valgrind.org.