linux工具之检测内存泄漏-valgrind

淩亂°似流年 2022-05-31 08:25 277阅读 0赞

0.前言

内存泄漏是c++程序常见的问题了，特别是服务类程序，当系统模块过多或者逻辑复杂后，很难通过代码看出内存泄漏；

valgrind是一个开源的，检测c++程序内存泄漏有效工具，编译时加上-g选项可以定位到代码行，同时还检查‘野指针’，检查malloc与free是否匹配等功能；

下载源码安装这里就不重复写了，下面通过一个简单的程序记录valgrind的用法。

1.示例代码

main.c

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  //main.c
2.  \#include <stdlib.h>
3.  \#include <stdio.h>
4.  \#include <string.h>
5.  
6.  **int** main() 
7.  \{ 
8.   printf("start init\\n"); 
9.  **char** \*p = (**char** \*)malloc(1024); 
10. **char** \*ptr; 
11. **if**(ptr) 
12.  \{ 
13.  printf("ptr:%p\\n", ptr); 
14.  \} 
15.  getchar(); 
16. **return** 0; 
17. \}

2.编译命令

makefile

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \#makefile
2.  main:main.o 
3.   g++ -g3 main.c -o main 
4.  clean: 
5.   rm -f main.o 
6.   rm -f main

3.调试命令

debug.sh

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \#!/bin/bash
2.  \#debug.sh
3.  valgrind -v --log-file=valgrind.log --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full --show-mismatched-frees=yes main

4.日志输出

cat valgrind.log

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  ==2211== Memcheck, a memory error detector 
2.  ==2211== Copyright (C) 2002-2015, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al. 
3.  ==2211== Using Valgrind-3.12.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h **for** copyright info 
4.  ==2211== Command: main 
5.  ==2211== Parent PID: 2210 
6.  ==2211== 
7.  \--2211-- 
8.  \--2211-- Valgrind options: 
9.  \--2211-- -v 
10. \--2211-- --log-file=valgrind.log 
11. \--2211-- --tool=memcheck 
12. \--2211-- --leak-check=full 
13. \--2211-- --show-mismatched-frees=yes 
14. \--2211-- Contents of /proc/version: 
15. \--2211-- Linux version 4.4.0-98-generic (buildd@lcy01-03) (gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4) ) \#121-Ubuntu SMP Tue Oct 10 14:24:03 UTC 2017 
16. \--2211-- 
17. \--2211-- Arch and hwcaps: AMD64, LittleEndian, amd64-cx16-lzcnt-rdtscp-sse3-avx-avx2-bmi 
18. \--2211-- Page sizes: currently 4096, max supported 4096 
19. \--2211-- Valgrind library directory: /usr/local/lib/valgrind 
20. \--2211-- Reading syms from /home/lsx/testspace/valgrind/main 
21. \--2211-- Reading syms from /lib/x86\_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.23.so 
22. \--2211-- Considering /lib/x86\_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.23.so .. 
23. \--2211-- .. CRC mismatch (computed 10768843 wanted ef0d0121) 
24. \--2211-- Considering /usr/lib/debug/lib/x86\_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.23.so .. 
25. \--2211-- .. CRC is valid 
26. \--2211-- Reading syms from /usr/local/lib/valgrind/memcheck-amd64-linux 
27. \--2211-- object doesn't have a dynamic symbol table 
28. \--2211-- Scheduler: **using** generic scheduler lock implementation. 
29. \--2211-- Reading suppressions file: /usr/local/lib/valgrind/**default**.supp 
30. ==2211== embedded gdbserver: reading from /tmp/vgdb-pipe-from-vgdb-to-2211-by-lsx-on-??? 
31. ==2211== embedded gdbserver: writing to /tmp/vgdb-pipe-to-vgdb-from-2211-by-lsx-on-??? 
32. ==2211== embedded gdbserver: shared mem /tmp/vgdb-pipe-shared-mem-vgdb-2211-by-lsx-on-??? 
33. ==2211== 
34. ==2211== TO CONTROL THIS PROCESS USING vgdb (which you probably 
35. ==2211== don't want to do, unless you know exactly what you're doing, 
36. ==2211== or are doing some strange experiment): 
37. ==2211== /usr/local/lib/valgrind/../../bin/vgdb --pid=2211 ...command... 
38. ==2211== 
39. ==2211== TO DEBUG THIS PROCESS USING GDB: start GDB like **this**
40. ==2211== /path/to/gdb main 
41. ==2211== and then give GDB the following command 
42. ==2211== target remote | /usr/local/lib/valgrind/../../bin/vgdb --pid=2211 
43. ==2211== --pid is optional **if** only one valgrind process is running 
44. ==2211== 
45. \--2211-- REDIR: 0x401cdc0 (ld-linux-x86-64.so.2:strlen) redirected to 0x380a0df1 (vgPlain\_amd64\_linux\_REDIR\_FOR\_strlen) 
46. \--2211-- REDIR: 0x401b710 (ld-linux-x86-64.so.2:index) redirected to 0x380a0e0b (vgPlain\_amd64\_linux\_REDIR\_FOR\_index) 
47. \--2211-- Reading syms from /usr/local/lib/valgrind/vgpreload\_core-amd64-linux.so 
48. \--2211-- Reading syms from /usr/local/lib/valgrind/vgpreload\_memcheck-amd64-linux.so 
49. ==2211== WARNING: **new** redirection conflicts with existing -- ignoring it 
50. \--2211-- old: 0x0401cdc0 (strlen ) R-> (0000.0) 0x380a0df1 vgPlain\_amd64\_linux\_REDIR\_FOR\_strlen 
51. \--2211-- **new**: 0x0401cdc0 (strlen ) R-> (2007.0) 0x04c30a90 strlen 
52. \--2211-- REDIR: 0x401b930 (ld-linux-x86-64.so.2:strcmp) redirected to 0x4c31b40 (strcmp) 
53. \--2211-- REDIR: 0x401db20 (ld-linux-x86-64.so.2:mempcpy) redirected to 0x4c34d20 (mempcpy) 
54. \--2211-- Reading syms from /lib/x86\_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.23.so 
55. \--2211-- Considering /lib/x86\_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.23.so .. 
56. \--2211-- .. CRC mismatch (computed f3344b67 wanted 8e4ae80b) 
57. \--2211-- Considering /usr/lib/debug/lib/x86\_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.23.so .. 
58. \--2211-- .. CRC is valid 
59. \--2211-- REDIR: 0x4ec7e50 (libc.so.6:strcasecmp) redirected to 0x4a28770 (\_vgnU\_ifunc\_wrapper) 
60. \--2211-- REDIR: 0x4ec36d0 (libc.so.6:strcspn) redirected to 0x4a28770 (\_vgnU\_ifunc\_wrapper) 
61. \--2211-- REDIR: 0x4eca140 (libc.so.6:strncasecmp) redirected to 0x4a28770 (\_vgnU\_ifunc\_wrapper) 
62. \--2211-- REDIR: 0x4ec5b40 (libc.so.6:strpbrk) redirected to 0x4a28770 (\_vgnU\_ifunc\_wrapper) 
63. \--2211-- REDIR: 0x4ec5ed0 (libc.so.6:strspn) redirected to 0x4a28770 (\_vgnU\_ifunc\_wrapper) 
64. \--2211-- REDIR: 0x4ec759b (libc.so.6:memcpy@GLIBC\_2.2.5) redirected to 0x4a28770 (\_vgnU\_ifunc\_wrapper) 
65. \--2211-- REDIR: 0x4ec5850 (libc.so.6:rindex) redirected to 0x4c30410 (rindex) 
66. \--2211-- REDIR: 0x4ec3b70 (libc.so.6:strlen) redirected to 0x4c309d0 (strlen) 
67. \--2211-- REDIR: 0x4ebc580 (libc.so.6:malloc) redirected to 0x4c2db2f (malloc) 
68. ==2211== Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s) 
69. ==2211== at 0x40062B: main (main.c:10) 
70. ==2211== 
71. \--2211-- REDIR: 0x4ebc940 (libc.so.6:free) redirected to 0x4c2ec29 (free) 
72. ==2211== 
73. ==2211== HEAP SUMMARY: 
74. ==2211== in use at exit: 1,024 bytes in 1 blocks 
75. ==2211== total heap usage: 3 allocs, 2 frees, 3,072 bytes allocated 
76. ==2211== 
77. ==2211== Searching **for** pointers to 1 not-freed blocks 
78. ==2211== Checked 69,384 bytes 
79. ==2211== 
80. ==2211== 1,024 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 1 
81. ==2211== at 0x4C2DBB6: malloc (vg\_replace\_malloc.c:299) 
82. ==2211== by 0x400621: main (main.c:8) 
83. ==2211== 
84. ==2211== LEAK SUMMARY: 
85. ==2211== definitely lost: 1,024 bytes in 1 blocks 
86. ==2211== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks 
87. ==2211== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks 
88. ==2211== still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks 
89. ==2211== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks 
90. ==2211== 
91. ==2211== Use --track-origins=yes to see where uninitialised values come from 
92. ==2211== ERROR SUMMARY: 2 errors from 2 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0) 
93. ==2211== 
94. ==2211== 1 errors in context 1 of 2: 
95. ==2211== Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s) 
96. ==2211== at 0x40062B: main (main.c:10) 
97. ==2211== 
98. ==2211== ERROR SUMMARY: 2 errors from 2 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)

5.其他选项

valgrind --help

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  usage: valgrind \[options\] prog-and-args 
2.  
3.   tool-selection option, with **default** in \[ \]: 
4.   \--tool=<name> use the Valgrind tool named <name> \[memcheck\] 
5.  
6.   basic user options **for** all Valgrind tools, with defaults in \[ \]: 
7.   \-h --help show **this** message 
8.   \--help-debug show **this** message, plus debugging options 
9.   \--version show version 
10.  \-q --quiet run silently; only print error msgs 
11.  \-v --verbose be more verbose -- show misc extra info 
12.  \--trace-children=no|yes Valgrind-ise child processes (follow execve)? \[no\] 
13.  \--trace-children-skip=patt1,patt2,... specifies a list of executables 
14.  that --trace-children=yes should not trace into 
15.  \--trace-children-skip-by-arg=patt1,patt2,... same as --trace-children-skip= 
16.  but check the argv\[\] entries **for** children, rather 
17.  than the exe name, to make a follow/no-follow decision 
18.  \--child-silent-after-fork=no|yes omit child output between fork & exec? \[no\] 
19.  \--vgdb=no|yes|full activate gdbserver? \[yes\] 
20.  full is slower but provides precise watchpoint/step 
21.  \--vgdb-error=<number> invoke gdbserver after <number> errors \[999999999\] 
22.  to get started quickly, use --vgdb-error=0 
23.  and follow the on-screen directions 
24.  \--vgdb-stop-at=event1,event2,... invoke gdbserver **for** given events \[none\] 
25.  where event is one of: 
26.  startup exit valgrindabexit all none 
27.  \--track-fds=no|yes track open file descriptors? \[no\] 
28.  \--time-stamp=no|yes add timestamps to log messages? \[no\] 
29.  \--log-fd=<number> log messages to file descriptor \[2=stderr\] 
30.  \--log-file=<file> log messages to <file> 
31.  \--log-socket=ipaddr:port log messages to socket ipaddr:port 
32. 
33.  user options **for** Valgrind tools that report errors: 
34.  \--xml=yes emit error output in XML (some tools only) 
35.  \--xml-fd=<number> XML output to file descriptor 
36.  \--xml-file=<file> XML output to <file> 
37.  \--xml-socket=ipaddr:port XML output to socket ipaddr:port 
38.  \--xml-user-comment=STR copy STR verbatim into XML output 
39.  \--demangle=no|yes automatically demangle C++ names? \[yes\] 
40.  \--num-callers=<number> show <number> callers in stack traces \[12\] 
41.  \--error-limit=no|yes stop showing **new** errors **if** too many? \[yes\] 
42.  \--error-exitcode=<number> exit code to **return****if** errors found \[0=disable\] 
43.  \--error-markers=<begin>,<end> add lines with begin/end markers before/after 
44.  each error output in plain text mode \[none\] 
45.  \--show-below-main=no|yes **continue** stack traces below main() \[no\] 
46.  \--**default**\-suppressions=yes|no 
47.  load **default** suppressions \[yes\] 
48.  \--suppressions=<filename> suppress errors described in <filename> 
49.  \--gen-suppressions=no|yes|all print suppressions **for** errors? \[no\] 
50.  \--input-fd=<number> file descriptor **for** input \[0=stdin\] 
51.  \--dsymutil=no|yes run dsymutil on Mac OS X when helpful? \[yes\] 
52.  \--max-stackframe=<number> assume stack **switch****for** SP changes larger 
53.  than <number> bytes \[2000000\] 
54.  \--main-stacksize=<number> set size of main **thread**'s stack (in bytes) 
55.  \[min(max(current 'ulimit' value,1MB),16MB)\] 
56. 
57.  user options **for** Valgrind tools that replace malloc: 
58.  \--alignment=<number> set minimum alignment of heap allocations \[16\] 
59.  \--redzone-size=<number> set minimum size of redzones added before/after 
60.  heap blocks (in bytes). \[16\] 
61. 
62.  uncommon user options **for** all Valgrind tools: 
63.  \--fullpath-after= (with nothing after the '=') 
64.  show full source paths in call stacks 
65.  \--fullpath-after=string like --fullpath-after=, but only show the 
66.  part of the path after 'string'. Allows removal 
67.  of path prefixes. Use **this** flag multiple times 
68.  to specify a set of prefixes to remove. 
69.  \--extra-debuginfo-path=path absolute path to search **for** additional 
70.  debug symbols, in addition to existing **default**
71.  well known search paths. 
72.  \--debuginfo-server=ipaddr:port also query **this** server 
73.  (valgrind-di-server) **for** debug symbols 
74.  \--allow-mismatched-debuginfo=no|yes \[no\] 
75. **for** the above two flags only, accept debuginfo 
76.  objects that don't "match" the main object 
77.  \--smc-check=none|stack|all|all-non-file \[all-non-file\] 
78.  checks **for** self-modifying code: none, only **for**
79.  code found in stacks, **for** all code, or **for** all 
80.  code except that from file-backed mappings 
81.  \--read-**inline**\-info=yes|no read debug info about inlined function calls 
82.  and use it to **do** better stack traces. \[yes\] 
83.  on Linux/Android/Solaris **for** Memcheck/Helgrind/DRD 
84.  only. \[no\] **for** all other tools and platforms. 
85.  \--read-var-info=yes|no read debug info on stack and global variables 
86.  and use it to print better error messages in 
87.  tools that make use of it (Memcheck, Helgrind, 
88.  DRD) \[no\] 
89.  \--vgdb-poll=<number> gdbserver poll max every <number> basic blocks \[5000\] 
90.  \--vgdb-shadow-registers=no|yes let gdb see the shadow registers \[no\] 
91.  \--vgdb-prefix=<prefix> prefix **for** vgdb FIFOs \[/tmp/vgdb-pipe\] 
92.  \--run-libc-freeres=no|yes free up glibc memory at exit on Linux? \[yes\] 
93.  \--run-cxx-freeres=no|yes free up libstdc++ memory at exit on Linux 
94.  and Solaris? \[yes\] 
95.  \--sim-hints=hint1,hint2,... activate unusual sim behaviours \[none\] 
96.  where hint is one of: 
97.  lax-ioctls lax-doors fuse-compatible enable-outer 
98.  no-inner-prefix no-nptl-pthread-stackcache none 
99.  \--fair-sched=no|yes|**try** schedule threads fairly on multicore systems \[no\] 
100.  \--kernel-variant=variant1,variant2,... 
101.  handle non-standard kernel variants \[none\] 
102.  where variant is one of: 
103.  bproc android-no-hw-tls 
104.  android-gpu-sgx5xx android-gpu-adreno3xx none 
105.  \--merge-recursive-frames=<number> merge frames between identical 
106.  program counters in max <number> frames) \[0\] 
107.  \--num-transtab-sectors=<number> size of translated code cache \[16\] 
108.  more sectors may increase performance, but use more memory. 
109.  \--avg-transtab-entry-size=<number> avg size in bytes of a translated 
110.  basic block \[0, meaning use tool provided **default**\] 
111.  \--aspace-minaddr=0xPP avoid mapping memory below 0xPP \[guessed\] 
112.  \--valgrind-stacksize=<number> size of valgrind (host) **thread**'s stack 
113.  (in bytes) \[1048576\] 
114.  \--show-emwarns=no|yes show warnings about emulation limits? \[no\] 
115.  \--require-text-symbol=:sonamepattern:symbolpattern abort run **if** the 
116.  stated shared object doesn't have the stated 
117.  text symbol. Patterns can contain ? and \*. 
118.  \--soname-synonyms=syn1=pattern1,syn2=pattern2,... synonym soname 
119.  specify patterns **for** function wrapping or replacement. 
120.  To use a non-libc malloc library that is 
121.  in the main exe: --soname-synonyms=somalloc=NONE 
122.  in libxyzzy.so: --soname-synonyms=somalloc=libxyzzy.so 
123.  \--sigill-diagnostics=yes|no warn about illegal instructions? \[yes\] 
124.  \--unw-stack-scan-thresh=<number> Enable stack-scan unwind **if** fewer 
125.  than <number> good frames found \[0, meaning "disabled"\] 
126.  NOTE: stack scanning is only available on arm-linux. 
127.  \--unw-stack-scan-frames=<number> Max number of frames that can be 
128.  recovered by stack scanning \[5\] 
129.  \--resync-filter=no|yes|verbose \[yes on MacOS, no on other OSes\] 
130.  attempt to avoid expensive address-space-resync operations 
131.  \--max-threads=<number> maximum number of threads that valgrind can 
132.  handle \[500\] 
133. 
134.  user options **for** Memcheck: 
135.  \--leak-check=no|summary|full search **for** memory leaks at exit? \[summary\] 
136.  \--leak-resolution=low|med|high differentiation of leak stack traces \[high\] 
137.  \--show-leak-kinds=kind1,kind2,.. which leak kinds to show? 
138.  \[definite,possible\] 
139.  \--errors-**for**\-leak-kinds=kind1,kind2,.. which leak kinds are errors? 
140.  \[definite,possible\] 
141.  where kind is one of: 
142.  definite indirect possible reachable all none 
143.  \--leak-check-heuristics=heur1,heur2,... which heuristics to use **for**
144.  improving leak search **false** positive \[all\] 
145.  where heur is one of: 
146.  stdstring length64 newarray multipleinheritance all none 
147.  \--show-reachable=yes same as --show-leak-kinds=all 
148.  \--show-reachable=no --show-possibly-lost=yes 
149.  same as --show-leak-kinds=definite,possible 
150.  \--show-reachable=no --show-possibly-lost=no 
151.  same as --show-leak-kinds=definite 
152.  \--undef-value-errors=no|yes check **for** undefined value errors \[yes\] 
153.  \--track-origins=no|yes show origins of undefined values? \[no\] 
154.  \--partial-loads-ok=no|yes too hard to explain here; see manual \[yes\] 
155.  \--expensive-definedness-checks=no|yes 
156.  Use extra-precise definedness tracking \[no\] 
157.  \--freelist-vol=<number> volume of freed blocks queue \[20000000\] 
158.  \--freelist-big-blocks=<number> releases first blocks with size>= \[1000000\] 
159.  \--workaround-gcc296-bugs=no|yes self explanatory \[no\]. Deprecated. 
160.  Use --ignore-range-below-sp instead. 
161.  \--ignore-ranges=0xPP-0xQQ\[,0xRR-0xSS\] assume given addresses are OK 
162.  \--ignore-range-below-sp=<number>-<number> **do** not report errors **for**
163.  accesses at the given offsets below SP 
164.  \--malloc-fill=<hexnumber> fill malloc'd areas with given value 
165.  \--free-fill=<hexnumber> fill free'd areas with given value 
166.  \--keep-stacktraces=alloc|free|alloc-and-free|alloc-then-free|none 
167.  stack trace(s) to keep **for** malloc'd/free'd areas \[alloc-and-free\] 
168.  \--show-mismatched-frees=no|yes show frees that don't match the allocator? \[yes\] 
169. 
170.  Extra options read from ~/.valgrindrc, $VALGRIND\_OPTS, ./.valgrindrc 
171. 
172.  Memcheck is Copyright (C) 2002-2015, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al. 
173.  Valgrind is Copyright (C) 2000-2015, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al. 
174.  LibVEX is Copyright (C) 2004-2015, and GNU GPL'd, by OpenWorks LLP et al. 
175. 
176.  Bug reports, feedback, admiration, abuse, etc, to: www.valgrind.org.

6.参考资料

[https://www.cnblogs.com/nicebear/archive/2012/05/05/2485054.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_nicebear_archive_2012_05_05_2485054.html]

https://www.cnblogs.com/wangkangluo1/archive/2011/07/20/2111248.html

http://blog.csdn.net/miss\_acha/article/details/19839715

http://blog.csdn.net/strategycn/article/details/7865525

https://www.cnblogs.com/lanxuezaipiao/p/3604533.html

http://blog.csdn.net/jinzeyu\_cn/article/details/45969877

转自： http://blog.csdn.net/shixin\_0125/article/details/78590796

[view plain]: http://blog.csdn.net/shixin_0125/article/details/78590796#
[https_www.cnblogs.com_nicebear_archive_2012_05_05_2485054.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/nicebear/archive/2012/05/05/2485054.html

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一、valgrind介绍： valgrind是Linux下的一个开源工具，该工具用来检测c++程序是否有非法使用内存的问题，例如访问了未初始化的内存、访问数组时越界、忘记

快来打我*/ 2022年05月06日 10:56/ 0 赞/ 383 阅读

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梦里梦外;/ 2022年04月11日 06:07/ 0 赞/ 252 阅读

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在写大型C/C++工程时难免会发生内存泄漏现象，系统编程中一个重要的方面就是有效地处理与内存相关的问题。你的工作越接近系统，你就需要面对越多的内存问题。有时这些问题非常琐

青旅半醒/ 2022年02月17日 06:11/ 0 赞/ 287 阅读