基于HAProxy实现web页面的动静分离、读写分离

矫情吗；* 2022-02-14 02:25 146阅读 0赞

本篇内容环境承接上一篇博客：[基于HAProxy实现负载均衡（日志、监控、acl访问控制的配置）][HAProxy_acl]

### 一、实验环境 ###

实验环境: rhel6.5 selinux and iptables disabled
    
    实验主机：
    172.25.70.1 (server1)            haproxy
    
    172.25.70.2 (server2)            web1
    
    172.25.70.3(server3)             web2
    
    172.25.70.250					 	客户端

### 二、动静分离 ###

#### 1、动静分离的实用性 ####

> 实际应用环境中，往往需要根据业务请求将相关不同请求跳转到指定的后端server，比如客户静态资源请求交给静态资源server处理，php请求交给php server处理，jsp请求交给tomcat处理，即业务上的应用请求分离，而haproxy完全可以利用acl匹配规则实现这一目的

#### 2、更改haproxy服务端的配置文件，并重启服务 ####

vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
    
    global
            maxconn         65535
            stats socket    /var/run/haproxy.stat mode 600 level admin
            log             127.0.0.1 local0
            uid             200
            gid             200
            chroot          /var/empty
            daemon
    
    defaults
            mode            http
            log             global
            option          httplog
            option          dontlognull
            monitor-uri     /monitoruri
            maxconn         8000
            timeout client  30s
            retries         2
            option redispatch
            timeout connect 5s
            timeout server  5s
            stats uri       /admin/stats
    
    # The public 'www' address in the DMZ
    frontend public
            bind            172.25.70.1:80 name clear
            #bind 192.168.1.10:443 ssl crt /etc/haproxy/haproxy.pem
            #use_backend static if { hdr_beg(host) -i img }
            #use_backend static if { path_beg /img /css }
    		#acl blacklist src 172.25.70.250
            #http-request deny if blacklist
            #errorloc 403 http://172.25.70.1:8080/index.html
    
    
    
            use_backend     dynamic if {  path_end .php }
            default_backend static
    
    # The static backend backend for 'Host: img', /img and /css.
    backend static
            balance         roundrobin
            server          web1 172.25.70.2:80 check inter 1000
    
    backend dynamic
            balance         roundrobin
            server          web2 172.25.70.3:80 check inter 1000

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTcwMzY5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTcwMzY5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
重启服务：

/etc/init.d/haproxy restart

![在这里插入图片描述][20190425173211295.png]

#### 3、在server3上删除默认发布页，编辑index.php发布页，下载php插件 ####

cd /var/www/html/
    rm -rf index.html
    vim index.php
    ==================
    <?php
            phpinfo();
    ?>
    ====================
    yum install php -y

![在这里插入图片描述][20190425173737928.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][2019042517375078.png]

#### 4、server3上重启httpd服务 ####

/etc/init.d/httpd restart

![在这里插入图片描述][20190425173822929.png]

#### 5、测试 ####

静态：  
在客户端浏览器输入：

172.25.70.1/index.html

![在这里插入图片描述][20190425173907602.png]  
动态：  
在客户端浏览器输入：

172.25.70.1/index.php

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTcwMzY5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

### 三、读写分离 ###

#### 1、server1修改haproxy配置文件，并重启服务 ####

vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
    ==============================
    更改：
     34 frontend public
     35         bind            *:80 name clear
     36         #bind 192.168.1.10:443 ssl crt /etc/haproxy/haproxy.pem
     37         #use_backend static if { hdr_beg(host) -i img }
     38         #use_backend static if { path_beg /img /css }
     39 
     40         acl write method POST
     41         acl write method PUT
     42         
     43         acl read method GET
     44         acl read method HEAD
     45         
     46         use_backend     static if write
     47         default_backend dynamic
     48         
     49 # The static backend backend for 'Host: img', /img and /css.
     50 backend static
     51         balance         roundrobin
     52         server          web1 172.25.70.2:80 check inter 1000
     53         
     54 backend dynamic
     55         balance         roundrobin
     56         server          web2 172.25.70.3:80 check inter 1000

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTcwMzY5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTcwMzY5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

重启haproxy服务

/etc/init.d/haproxy restart

![在这里插入图片描述][2019042517465891.png]  
此配置文件的目的为：默认进入web2的发布页面，也就是web2为读的服务器，write时为static服务，也就是web1写服务器，实现网页的读写分离。

#### 2、在server3上发布网页内容，并重启httpd服务 ####

vim index.php 
    ===============
    <html> 
    <body> 
    <form action="upload_file.php" method="post" 
    enctype="multipart/form-data"> 
    <label for="file">Filename:</label> 
    <input type="file" name="file" id="file" /> 
    <br />
    <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit" />
    </form> 
    </body> 
    </html>

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTcwMzY5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

#### 3、在server2上编写write时的web1发布内容，创建上传目录upload，重启httpd服务 ####

vim vim upload_file.php
    =========================
    <?php
    if ((($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/gif")
    || ($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/jpeg")
    || ($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/pjpeg"))
    && ($_FILES["file"]["size"] < 2000000))  #大小改为2000000
      { 
      if ($_FILES["file"]["error"] > 0)
        { 
        echo "Return Code: " . $_FILES["file"]["error"] . "<br />";
        }
      else
        { 
        echo "Upload: " . $_FILES["file"]["name"] . "<br />";
        echo "Type: " . $_FILES["file"]["type"] . "<br />";
        echo "Size: " . ($_FILES["file"]["size"] / 1024) . " Kb<br />";
        echo "Temp file: " . $_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"] . "<br />";
    
        if (file_exists("upload/" . $_FILES["file"]["name"]))
          { 
          echo $_FILES["file"]["name"] . " already exists. ";
          }
        else
          { 
          move_uploaded_file($_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"],
          "upload/" . $_FILES["file"]["name"]);
          echo "Stored in: " . "upload/" . $_FILES["file"]["name"];
          }
        }
      }
    else
      { 
      echo "Invalid file";
      }
    ?>

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTcwMzY5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190425190620513.png]

创建upload目录，并重启服务：

yum install -y php
    mkdir upload
    chmod 777 upload
    /etc/init.d/httpd restart

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTcwMzY5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]  
注意：upload\_file.php、index.php两个文件的均要有写权限。（若无写权限，则会出现网页空白的现象）

#### 4、测试 ####

在客户端浏览器输入：172.25.70.1  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190425185851296.png]  
点击Browse，选择一张图片（注意图片格式）  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTcwMzY5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190425185947343.png]  
点击Submit![在这里插入图片描述][20190425190002174.png]  
在server2（写服务器）上传目录（upload）查看  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190425190049357.png]  
图片成功上传到server2（web1）的上传目录，读写分离成功！

[HAProxy_acl]: https://mp.csdn.net/mdeditor/89514989
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[20190425190002174.png]: /images/20220214/a4c90b3f51cb47f481a746611c52222d.png
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