如何挂载另一个lvm硬盘

蔚落 2022-01-31 07:19 250阅读 0赞

由于测试导致系统启动不了，需要将系统中的数据拷贝出来，所以想到将磁盘挂载到另一个能用的系统中进行拷贝，但是由于创建的系统都是用默认的方式创建的，所以一般的系统盘都是由两个分区组成，例如/dev/sda，/dev/sda1用来存放启动项，而/dev/sda2是一个逻辑卷，都是由/dev/VolGroup/lv\_root、/dev/VolGroup/lv\_home、/dev/VolGroup/lv\_swap三部分组成的，由于逻辑卷的名字是一样的，所以这样导致将系统盘/dev/sdb挂载后，其中的逻辑卷部分不能挂载。

解决方法：

下面介绍分区格式为为Linux LVM的虚拟机挂载另一块的Linux LVM硬盘的方法：

在Hyper-V上添加要挂载的硬盘，开启虚拟机，启动好以后

\#fdisk -l //下面会看到所有硬盘的情况，sda是虚拟机自己的硬盘，sdb则是挂载上去的硬盘

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
    
    Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x000c4715
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
    Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    /dev/sda2              64      121602   976248832   8e  Linux LVM
    
    Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    
    Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 8338 MB, 8338276352 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1013 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    
    Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home: 937.6 GB, 937649242112 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 113996 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x000ec679
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdb1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
    Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    /dev/sdb2              64       14594   116707328   8e  Linux LVM

\#vgscan //扫描所有卷组

[root@localhost ~]# vgscan 
      Reading all physical volumes.  This may take a while...
      WARNING: Duplicate VG name VolGroup: Existing FKsJuO-7348-hHqs-MKVq-WLMl-2Sbh-0oh8NZ (created here) takes precedence over JTFVF9-ULu5-cHKu-T1p3-4HnB-Tk2p-BpjwHX
      WARNING: Duplicate VG name VolGroup: Existing FKsJuO-7348-hHqs-MKVq-WLMl-2Sbh-0oh8NZ (created here) takes precedence over JTFVF9-ULu5-cHKu-T1p3-4HnB-Tk2p-BpjwHX
      Found volume group "VolGroup" using metadata type lvm2
      Found volume group "VolGroup" using metadata type lvm2

\#vgdisplay //显示出多有卷组信息

[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay 
      WARNING: Duplicate VG name VolGroup: Existing FKsJuO-7348-hHqs-MKVq-WLMl-2Sbh-0oh8NZ (created here) takes precedence over JTFVF9-ULu5-cHKu-T1p3-4HnB-Tk2p-BpjwHX
      WARNING: Duplicate VG name VolGroup: Existing FKsJuO-7348-hHqs-MKVq-WLMl-2Sbh-0oh8NZ (created here) takes precedence over JTFVF9-ULu5-cHKu-T1p3-4HnB-Tk2p-BpjwHX
      WARNING: Duplicate VG name VolGroup: Existing JTFVF9-ULu5-cHKu-T1p3-4HnB-Tk2p-BpjwHX (created here) takes precedence over FKsJuO-7348-hHqs-MKVq-WLMl-2Sbh-0oh8NZ
      --- Volume group ---
      VG Name               VolGroup
      System ID             
      Format                lvm2
      Metadata Areas        1
      Metadata Sequence No  4
      VG Access             read/write
      VG Status             resizable
      MAX LV                0
      Cur LV                3
      Open LV               0
      Max PV                0
      Cur PV                1
      Act PV                1
      VG Size               111.30 GiB
      PE Size               4.00 MiB
      Total PE              28492
      Alloc PE / Size       28492 / 111.30 GiB
      Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
      VG UUID               JTFVF9-ULu5-cHKu-T1p3-4HnB-Tk2p-BpjwHX
       
      WARNING: Duplicate VG name VolGroup: Existing FKsJuO-7348-hHqs-MKVq-WLMl-2Sbh-0oh8NZ (created here) takes precedence over JTFVF9-ULu5-cHKu-T1p3-4HnB-Tk2p-BpjwHX
      --- Volume group ---
      VG Name               VolGroup
      System ID             
      Format                lvm2
      Metadata Areas        1
      Metadata Sequence No  4
      VG Access             read/write
      VG Status             resizable
      MAX LV                0
      Cur LV                3
      Open LV               2
      Max PV                0
      Cur PV                1
      Act PV                1
      VG Size               931.02 GiB
      PE Size               4.00 MiB
      Total PE              238341
      Alloc PE / Size       238341 / 931.02 GiB
      Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
      VG UUID               FKsJuO-7348-hHqs-MKVq-WLMl-2Sbh-0oh8NZ

（主要是通过大小来区分的）

[root@localhost ~]# vgrename JTFVF9-ULu5-cHKu-T1p3-4HnB-Tk2p-BpjwHX vg01
      WARNING: Duplicate VG name VolGroup: Existing FKsJuO-7348-hHqs-MKVq-WLMl-2Sbh-0oh8NZ (created here) takes precedence over JTFVF9-ULu5-cHKu-T1p3-4HnB-Tk2p-BpjwHX
      WARNING: Duplicate VG name VolGroup: Existing FKsJuO-7348-hHqs-MKVq-WLMl-2Sbh-0oh8NZ (created here) takes precedence over JTFVF9-ULu5-cHKu-T1p3-4HnB-Tk2p-BpjwHX
      WARNING: Duplicate VG name VolGroup: Existing JTFVF9-ULu5-cHKu-T1p3-4HnB-Tk2p-BpjwHX (created here) takes precedence over FKsJuO-7348-hHqs-MKVq-WLMl-2Sbh-0oh8NZ
      Volume group "VolGroup" successfully renamed to "vg01"

//重新命名挂载盘的卷组名，因为和虚拟机本身的卷组名是一样的所以LVM分区无法挂载，必须改名（要修改挂载盘的卷组名，这里要分编号哪个是挂载上去的），这里的类似于序列号的就是VG UUID，卷组名是一样的，只能靠VG UUID来修改卷组名

看到最下面Volume group "VolGroup00" successfully renamed to "vg01"则说明改名成功

\#vgdisplay //可以看到已经有一个改名为vg01

[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay 
      --- Volume group ---
      VG Name               vg01
      System ID             
      Format                lvm2
      Metadata Areas        1
      Metadata Sequence No  5
      VG Access             read/write
      VG Status             resizable
      MAX LV                0
      Cur LV                3
      Open LV               0
      Max PV                0
      Cur PV                1
      Act PV                1
      VG Size               111.30 GiB
      PE Size               4.00 MiB
      Total PE              28492
      Alloc PE / Size       28492 / 111.30 GiB
      Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
      VG UUID               JTFVF9-ULu5-cHKu-T1p3-4HnB-Tk2p-BpjwHX
       
      --- Volume group ---
      VG Name               VolGroup
      System ID             
      Format                lvm2
      Metadata Areas        1
      Metadata Sequence No  4
      VG Access             read/write
      VG Status             resizable
      MAX LV                0
      Cur LV                3
      Open LV               2
      Max PV                0
      Cur PV                1
      Act PV                1
      VG Size               931.02 GiB
      PE Size               4.00 MiB
      Total PE              238341
      Alloc PE / Size       238341 / 931.02 GiB
      Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
      VG UUID               FKsJuO-7348-hHqs-MKVq-WLMl-2Sbh-0oh8NZ

\#lvscan //看到上面两个是挂在上去的磁盘，没有激活

[root@localhost ~]# lvscan 
      inactive          '/dev/vg01/lv_root' [50.00 GiB] inherit
      inactive          '/dev/vg01/lv_home' [53.45 GiB] inherit
      inactive          '/dev/vg01/lv_swap' [7.85 GiB] inherit
      ACTIVE            '/dev/VolGroup/lv_root' [50.00 GiB] inherit
      ACTIVE            '/dev/VolGroup/lv_home' [873.25 GiB] inherit
      ACTIVE            '/dev/VolGroup/lv_swap' [7.77 GiB] inherit
    可以看到下面ACTIVE是正在使用的系统盘，而上面是需要拷贝出来的系统盘

\#vgchange -ay /dev/vg01 //激此卷组

[root@localhost ~]# vgchange -ay /dev/vg01
      3 logical volume(s) in volume group "vg01" now active

\#lvscan //看下vg01的卷组是否被激活

[root@localhost ~]# lvscan 
      ACTIVE            '/dev/vg01/lv_root' [50.00 GiB] inherit
      ACTIVE            '/dev/vg01/lv_home' [53.45 GiB] inherit
      ACTIVE            '/dev/vg01/lv_swap' [7.85 GiB] inherit
      ACTIVE            '/dev/VolGroup/lv_root' [50.00 GiB] inherit
      ACTIVE            '/dev/VolGroup/lv_home' [873.25 GiB] inherit
      ACTIVE            '/dev/VolGroup/lv_swap' [7.77 GiB] inherit

\#mkdir /mnt/hdb //新建一个文件夹用来作为挂载点

\#mount /dev/vg01/逻辑卷名（比如LogVol00） /mnt/hdb //挂载vg01/LogVol00

使用完以后要卸载

\#umount /mnt/hdb

\#vgchange -an /dev/vg01 去除激活的LVM分区

修改过卷组名的这个硬盘是不能再启动了，应为默认启动引导是引导到VolGroup00卷组的，所以修改过卷组名的硬盘要想仍能重新启动的话，必须把卷组名修改会默认的VolGroup00

但是在已经有VolGroup00卷组的虚拟机上是不能修改的！这里我们单独建立一个分区格式不是Linux LVM格式的虚拟机来挂载硬盘，其格式为ext3的（显示为Linux）

\#fdisk -l //查看是否识别挂上的硬盘

\#vgscan //扫描卷组

\#lvscan //查看要改名的卷组是否被激活，要是被激活的话则不能修改卷组名，如果直接修改的话会提示报错

\#vgchange -an /dev/VolGroup00 //如果上一步骤是激活状态，则需用此命令修改为不激 活状态

\#lvscan //查看是否修改为不激活状态