Servlet容器初始化IOC容器
Servlet容器初始化IOC容器
<!-- ServletContext参数,配置Ioc容器的xml文件名 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 初始化Ioc容器的监听器(重点就是这个监听器)-->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
看下这个监听器:
public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener {
public ContextLoaderListener() {
}
public ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext context) {
super(context);
}
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
closeWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
ContextCleanupListener.cleanupAttributes(event.getServletContext());
}
}
这个监听器首先实现了ServletContextListener,所以会在Servlet容器初始化和销毁的时候分别调用contextInitialized( )与contextDestroyed( )方法。
注意这里的带参构造方法 ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext context)是调用了父类ContextLoader的构造方法,并传参进去。
而ContextLoader的主要作用就是初始化Ioc容器,下面我们来看看ContextLoader这个类
public class ContextLoader {
public static final String CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM = "contextConfigLocation";//ServletContext上下文参数
private WebApplicationContext context;
public ContextLoader(WebApplicationContext context) {
this.context = context;
}
public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
"check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
}//不能初始化Ioc容器,因为已经有一个根Application上下文,检查在web.xml中是否有多个ContextLoader
Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
}//开始初始化WebApplicationContext
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();//当前毫秒数
try {
// Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that
// it is available on ServletContext shutdown.
if (this.context == null) {
this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
}
if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
if (!cwac.isActive()) {//Ioc容器并未初始化,所以暂时不能提供服务
// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
if (cwac.getParent() == null) {//设置父applicationContext
// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent ->
// determine parent for root web application context, if any.
ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
cwac.setParent(parent);
}
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
}
}
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);
ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
currentContext = this.context;
}
else if (ccl != null) {
currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" +
WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");
}
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
}
return this.context;
}
catch (RuntimeException ex) {
logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex);
throw ex;
}
catch (Error err) {
logger.error("Context initialization failed", err);
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err);
throw err;
}
}
这里是总过程的描述:
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) {
Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc);//获取context是由那个类定义的
if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {//判断是否为同一个类,或是子类
throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() +
"] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]");
}
return (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
}
通过determineContextClass( )知道了实例化IOC容器方式,然后用这个方式,再通过反射机制实例化容器,即实例化webApplicationContext。
protected Class<?> determineContextClass(ServletContext servletContext) {
String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM);//该属性为"ContextClass"
if (contextClassName != null) {
try {
return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Failed to load custom context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
}
}
else {
contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName());
try {
return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Failed to load default context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
}
}
}
因为实例化Ioc容器的方式有几种,而这个方法是判定需要实例化那种类来实例化当前Web容器的Spring Ioc根容器。要判定需要实例化哪种类来实例化当前web容器的Spring根容器,如果我们设置了名称为“contextClass”的context-param,则取我们设置的类,该类应当实现ConfigurableWebApplicationContext接口或继承自实现了该接口的子类(如XmlWebApplicationContext、GroovyWebApplicationContext和AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext),通常我们都不会设置,Spring会默认取与ContextLoader同目录下的ContextLoader.properties中记录的类名作为根容器的类型(默认是org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext);
protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac, ServletContext sc) {
if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {
// The application context id is still set to its original default value
// -> assign a more useful id based on available information
String idParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM);
if (idParam != null) {
wac.setId(idParam);
}
else {
// Generate default id...
wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath()));
}
}
wac.setServletContext(sc);
String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);
if (configLocationParam != null) {
wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);
}
// The wac environment's #initPropertySources will be called in any case when the context
// is refreshed; do it eagerly here to ensure servlet property sources are in place for
// use in any post-processing or initialization that occurs below prior to #refresh
ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();
if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(sc, null);
}
customizeContext(sc, wac);
wac.refresh();
}
虽然实例化了IOC容器,但是并未完成IOC容器的初始化,还不能提供服务。该方法的逻辑主要有一下几点:设置一个contextId(从contextId这个param获取,如果没有则默认是WebApplicationContext的类名 + “:” + servlet context的路径);设置配置位置(从contextConfigLocation 这个param获取,如果未配置,则默认是/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml,在XmlWebApplicationContext中可以看出);自定义该congtext;调用该Context的refresh()方法。
上面描述了WebApplicationContext的构造,默认还是使用反射的方式构建XmlWebApplicationContext实例
public void closeWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
servletContext.log("Closing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
try {
if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
((ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context).close();
}
}
finally {
ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
currentContext = null;
}
else if (ccl != null) {
currentContextPerThread.remove(ccl);
}
servletContext.removeAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE);
if (this.parentContextRef != null) {
this.parentContextRef.release();
}
}
}
该方法完成了对Ioc容器的销毁。
PS:webApplicationContext实现了ApplicationContext接口的子类。是专门为WEB应用准备的。
- 它允许从相对于Web根目录的路径中加载配置文件完成初始化工作。从WebApplicationContext中可以获取ServletContext引用,整个Web应用上下文对象将作为属性放置在ServletContext中,以便Web应用环境可以访问Spring上下文。
2.WebApplicationContext还为Bean提供了三个新的作用域,request、session和globalsession。
其中两个参数HttpServletRequest:服务器从客户端拿去数据
HttpServletResponse:服务器向前台传送数据
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/Wayne\_y/article/details/79778207
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