Junit入门到掌握-16-JUnit集成-在Java main方法中执行JUnit测试类

清疚 2021-12-14 06:51 256阅读 0赞

前面JUnit基础和JUnit的高级都介绍完了，该考虑和其他工具集成，例如ant和maven，由于最近几年java项目都使用maven和gradle，几乎看不到ant构建工具，所以这个集成，我这里主要介绍JUnit和Maven的集成。其实，如果做过集成自动化自动化测试就应该知道，想要集成，第一个要实现的就是简化成一条命令在控制台或者命令终端执行，如果可以做到，集成就没有任何问题，所以，我们这里先来讨论如何把执行Junit换成控制台执行，下一篇介绍如何在cmd中执行junit测试，就是一条比较长的命令而已。

**1.前提准备**

前面我们一直用这个测试类test.TrackingServiceTests.java，里面大概有5 6个测试用例。

package test;
    import static org.junit.Assert.*;
    
    import org.junit.After;
    import org.junit.AfterClass;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.BeforeClass;
    import org.junit.Ignore;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import com.anthony.protein.InvalidGoalException;
    import com.anthony.protein.TrackingService;
    
    public class TrackingServiceTests {
    	private TrackingService ts;
    	
    	@BeforeClass
    	public static void before() {
    		System.out.println("Before class, Onln Once");
    	}
    	
    	@AfterClass
    	public static void after() {
    		System.out.println("After class, only once");
    	}
    	
    	@Before
    	public void setup() {
    		System.out.println("Before Method");
    		ts = new TrackingService();
    	}
    	
    	@After
    	public void tearDown() {
    		System.out.println("After Method");
    	}
    	
    	@Test
    	public void newTrackingServiceTotalIsZero() {
    		assertEquals("Tracking service total was not zero", 0, ts.getTotal());
    	}
    	
    	@Test
    	public void whenAddingProteinTotalIsIncreaseByAmount() {
    		ts.addProtein(10);
    		assertEquals(10, ts.getTotal());
    	}
    	
    	@Test
    	public void whenRemovingProteinTotalRemainsZero() {
    		ts.removeProtein(5);
    		assertEquals(0, ts.getTotal());
    	}
    	
    	@Test(expected=InvalidGoalException.class)
    	public void testExceptionThrow() throws InvalidGoalException {
    		ts.setGoal(-5);
    	}
    	
    	@Test(timeout=20)
    	public void badTest() throws InvalidGoalException {
    		for(int i=0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
    			ts.setGoal(1);
    		}
    	}
    
    }

我们这里新建一个Java类带main方法，代码如下

运行下这个Java 主方法，看看效果。

Before class, Onln Once
    Before Method
    After Method
    Before Method
    After Method
    Before Method
    After Method
    Before Method
    After Method
    Before Method
    After Method
    After class, only once

运行效果是这样，看不出执行了多少条，其实最后一条应该超时了，但是控制台没有显示，为了增加显示，我们需要利用一个监听，添加一行代码。

package test;
    
    import org.junit.internal.TextListener;
    import org.junit.runner.JUnitCore;
    
    public class ConsoleRunner {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		
    		JUnitCore junit = new JUnitCore();
    		junit.addListener(new TextListener(System.out));
    		junit.run(TrackingServiceTests.class);
    	}
    }

运行下，控制台输出

Before class, Onln Once
    .Before Method
    After Method
    .Before Method
    After Method
    E.Before Method
    After Method
    .Before Method
    After Method
    .Before Method
    After Method
    After class, only once
    
    Time: 0.101
    There was 1 failure:
    1) badTest(test.TrackingServiceTests)
    org.junit.runners.model.TestTimedOutException: test timed out after 20 milliseconds
    	at test.TrackingServiceTests.badTest(TrackingServiceTests.java:62)
    	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
    	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
    	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
    	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.FailOnTimeout$CallableStatement.call(FailOnTimeout.java:298)
    	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.FailOnTimeout$CallableStatement.call(FailOnTimeout.java:292)
    	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
    	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
    
    FAILURES!!!
    Tests run: 5,  Failures: 1

这个就有一个简单的测试报告，执行了多少个，失败了几个，失败详细原因是什么。

**2.runClass方法**

上面演示了执行一个class的过程，如果要执行多个，怎么办？

我们多准备一个测试类HelloJunitTests.java

package test;
     
    import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
     
    import org.junit.Test;
     
    public class HelloJunitTest {
    	@Test
    	public void test() {
    		assertEquals(5, "Hello".length());
    		System.out.println("Run Hello Junit");
    	}
    }

添加这个打印语句是方便在控制台识别是否运行了这个类下的用例。

package test;
    
    import org.junit.internal.TextListener;
    import org.junit.runner.JUnitCore;
    
    public class ConsoleRunner {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		
    		JUnitCore junit = new JUnitCore();
    		junit.addListener(new TextListener(System.out));
    		//junit.run(TrackingServiceTests.class);
    		// 执行多个class
    		junit.runClasses(TrackingServiceTests.class, test.HelloJunitTest.class);
    	}
    }

运行结果，即使添加了监听还是没有详细输出在控制台。

为什么多个class就监听不到具体输出，这个我也不知道。

**3.通过加载执行testSuite来执行多个测试类**

前面我们学习了TestSuite，这个java main方法其实也可以执行run testSuite。

先创建一个testSuite文件

package test;
    
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.junit.runners.Suite;
    import org.junit.runners.Suite.SuiteClasses;
    
    @RunWith(Suite.class)
    @SuiteClasses({ 
    	HelloJunitTest.class, 
    	TheoryTests.class, 
    	TrackingServiceTests.class 
    })
    public class ProteinTrackerSuite {
    
    }

我这边有三个测试类。

package test;
    
    import org.junit.internal.TextListener;
    import org.junit.runner.JUnitCore;
    
    public class ConsoleRunner {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		
    		JUnitCore junit = new JUnitCore();
    		junit.addListener(new TextListener(System.out));
    		//junit.run(TrackingServiceTests.class);
    		// 执行testSuite
    		junit.run(ProteinTrackerSuite.class);
    		
    	}
    }

来验证run方法里面是支持TestSuite.class的

.Run Hello Junit
    .EBefore class, Onln Once
    .Before Method
    After Method
    .Before Method
    After Method
    E.Before Method
    After Method
    .Before Method
    After Method
    .Before Method
    After Method
    After class, only once
    
    Time: 0.084
    There were 2 failures:
    1) testThory(test.TheoryTests)
    org.junit.experimental.theories.internal.ParameterizedAssertionError: testThory("-4" <from data[4]>)
    	at org.junit.experimental.theories.Theories$TheoryAnchor.reportParameterizedError(Theories.java:288)
    	at org.junit.experimental.theories.Theories$TheoryAnchor$1$1.evaluate(Theories.java:237)
    	at org.junit.experimental.theories.Theories$TheoryAnchor.runWithCompleteAssignment(Theories.java:218)
    	at org.junit.experimental.theories.Theories$TheoryAnchor.runWithAssignment(Theories.java:204)
    	at org.junit.experimental.theories.Theories$TheoryAnchor.runWithIncompleteAssignment(Theories.java:212)
    	at org.junit.experimental.theories.Theories$TheoryAnchor.runWithAssignment(Theories.java:202)
    	at org.junit.experimental.theories.Theories$TheoryAnchor.evaluate(Theories.java:187)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
    	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
    	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    	at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:128)
    	at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:27)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    	at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:128)
    	at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:27)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
    	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:115)
    	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:105)
    	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:94)
    	at test.ConsoleRunner.main(ConsoleRunner.java:14)
    Caused by: java.lang.AssertionError
    	at org.junit.Assert.fail(Assert.java:86)
    	at org.junit.Assert.assertTrue(Assert.java:41)
    	at org.junit.Assert.assertTrue(Assert.java:52)
    	at test.TheoryTests.testThory(TheoryTests.java:29)
    	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
    	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
    	at org.junit.experimental.theories.Theories$TheoryAnchor$2.evaluate(Theories.java:274)
    	at org.junit.experimental.theories.Theories$TheoryAnchor$1$1.evaluate(Theories.java:232)
    	... 35 more
    2) badTest(test.TrackingServiceTests)
    org.junit.runners.model.TestTimedOutException: test timed out after 20 milliseconds
    	at test.TrackingServiceTests.badTest(TrackingServiceTests.java:62)
    	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
    	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
    	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
    	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.FailOnTimeout$CallableStatement.call(FailOnTimeout.java:298)
    	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.FailOnTimeout$CallableStatement.call(FailOnTimeout.java:292)
    	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
    	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
    
    FAILURES!!!
    Tests run: 7,  Failures: 2

这个也是能监听到一个TestSuite类中管理的全部测试用例执行的统计结果。