python中的时间、difflib、sys模块以及第三方模块

阳光穿透心脏的1/2处 2021-12-05 00:49 334阅读 0赞

## 1.时间模块 ##

import os
    import time
    
    s = '2019-7-14'
    print(time.strptime(s,'%Y-%m-%d'))
    s_time = '09:00:00'
    print(time.strptime(s_time,'%H:%M:%S'))

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把元组的时间转换为时间戳

import os
    import time
    tuple_time = time.localtime()
    print(tuple_time)
    print(time.mktime(tuple_time))

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把元组时间转换为字符串时间

import os
    import time
    
    tuple_time = time.localtime()
    print(time.strftime('%m-%d',tuple_time))
    print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d',tuple_time))
    print(time.strftime('%F',tuple_time))
    print(time.strftime('%T',tuple_time))

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把时间戳类型转换为字符串时间

import os
    import time
    
    pwd_time = os.path.getctime('/etc/passwd')
    print('pwd_time',pwd_time)
    print(time.ctime(pwd_time))

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将时间戳转换为元组

import os
    import time
    
    pwd_time = os.path.getctime('/etc/passwd')
    print(time.localtime(pwd_time))

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元组转换为时间戳

import os
    import time
    
    tuple_time = time.localtime()
    print(time.mktime(tuple_time))

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**datetime**

import os
    from datetime import date
    from datetime import datetime
    from datetime import timedelta
    
    print(date.today())
    print(datetime.now())

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计算几天前的时间

# d = date.today()
    # delta = timedelta(days=3)
    # print(d + delta)
    # print(d - delta)

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计算几个小时前或后的时间

import os
    from datetime import date
    from datetime import datetime
    from datetime import timedelta
    
    now_time = datetime.now()
    print(now_time)
    pwd_time = os.path.getmtime('/etc/passwd')
    print(pwd_time)
    pwd_time_obj = datetime.fromtimestamp(pwd_time)
    print(pwd_time_obj)
    delta = now_time - pwd_time_obj
    print(delta)

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练习：  
需求：  
1.获取当前主机信息（操作系统名、主机名、内核版本、硬件架构）  
2.获取开机时间和开机时长  
3.获取当前登录用户

import os
    import psutil
    from datetime import datetime
    
    print('主机信息'.center(50,'*'))
    info = os.uname()
    # print(info)
    print(
        """
        操作系统:%s
        主机名称:%s
        内核版本:%s
        硬件架构:%s
        """ %(info.sysname,info.nodename,info.release,info.machine)
    )
    
    print('开机信息'.center(50,'*'))
    boot_time = psutil.boot_time()  #返回一个时间戳
    boot_time_obj = datetime.fromtimestamp(boot_time)
    # print(boot_time_obj)
    #当前时间
    now_time = datetime.now()
    
    delta_time = datetime.now()
    delta_time1 = now_time - boot_time_obj
    
    print('开机时间:',boot_time_obj)
    
    print('当前时间:',str(now_time).split('.')[0])
    print('开机时长:',str(delta_time1).split('.')[0])
    
    print('当前登录用户'.center(50,'*'))
    login_user = psutil.users()[0]
    print(login_user.name)

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## 2.difflib文件对比 ##

‘+’ 包含在第二个系列行中，但不包含第一个  
‘-’ 包含在第一个系列行中，但不包含第二个  
’ ’ 两个系列行一致  
‘?’ 存在增量差异  
‘^’ 存在差异字符

"""
    '+' 包含在第二个系列行中，但不包含第一个
    '-' 包含在第一个系列行中，但不包含第二个
    ' ' 两个系列行一致
    '?' 存在增量差异
    '^' 存在差异字符
    """
    import difflib
    text1 = '''  1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
           2. Explicit is better than implicit.
           3. Simple is better than complex.
           4. Complex is better than complicated.
                '''.splitlines(keepends=False)		##是否保留结尾的'\n'换行符，Flase表示不保留
    
    text2 = '''  1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
           3.   Simple is better than complex.
           4. Complicated is better than complex.
           5. Flat is better than nested.
        '''.splitlines(keepends=True)
    
    d = difflib.Differ()
    print(''.join(d.compare(text1,text2)))		##原格式的不同比较难以快速查看出来
    d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
    htmlContent = d.make_file(text1,text2)
    # print(htmlContent)
    with open('diff.html','w') as f:            ##以html格式可以很方便的看到不同
        f.write(htmlContent)

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1.linux中的文件用python中的命令方法来比较

import difflib
    
    filename1 = '/tmp/passwd'
    filename2 = '/tmp/passwd1'
    
    with open(filename1) as f1,open(filename2) as f2:
        content1 = f1.read().splitlines(keepends=True)
        content2 = f2.read().splitlines(keepends=True)
    
    d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
    htmlContent = d.make_file(content1,content2)
    
    with open('passwdDiff.html','w') as f:
        f.write(htmlContent)

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## 3.sys模块 ##

sys模块：system，接收操作系统调用解释器传入的参数

import os
    import sys
    
    print(sys.argv)
    print(sys.argv[0])
    
    print(sys.version)
    
    if sys.version[0] == '2':
        print('running in python2...')
    elif sys.version[0] == '3':
        print('running in python3')
    
    
    print(sys.path)
    
    print(sys.platform)
    if sys.platform == 'linux':
        os.system('ifconfig')
    else:
        os.system('ipconfig')

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## 4.第三方模块 ##

需要在联网的条件下下载相关模块  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]  
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import qrcode
    img = qrcode.make('http://www.baidu.com')
    img.save('hello.png')           ##生成一个图片，会跳转到上面指定的网址
    import random
    import time
    
    import itchat                   ##与微信相关的模块
    
    hotReload = True                ##保持登陆
    itchat.auto_login()             ##登陆网页微信
    
    while True:
        itchat.send('hello westos',toUserName='filehelper')
        itchat.send_file('/tmp/passwd',toUserName='filehelper')
        time.sleep(random.randint(1,3))
    friends = itchat.get_friends()
    print(friends)                  ##对方扫描二维码登陆后，这里可以给对方的文件传输助手发送指定的内容
    
    info = {}
    for friend in friends[1:]:
        if friend['Sex'] == 1:
            info['male'] = info.get('male',0) + 1
        elif friend['Sex'] == 2:
            info['female'] = info.get('female', 0) + 1
        else:
            info['other'] = info.get('other',0) + 1
    print(info)                     ##对方扫描二维码登陆后，统计对方微信中的总人数及男女比例

微信远程操作电脑

import os
    import itchat
    
    @itchat.msg_register(itchat.content.TEXT,isFriendChat=True)
    def text_reply(msg):
        if msg['ToUserName'] == 'filehelper':
            #获取要执行的命令内容
            command = msg['Content']
            #系统执行代码
            if os.system(command) == 0:
                res = os.popen(command).read()
                result = '[返回值]-命令%s执行成功，执行结果: \n' + res
                itchat.send(result,'filehelper')
            else:
                result = '[返回值]-命令%s执行失败，请检查命令: \n' %(command)
                itchat.send(result,'filehelper')
    
    itchat.auto_login()
    itchat.run()

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