ElasticSearch教程——document数据建模实战_文件搜索_嵌套关系_父子/祖孙关系数据

悠悠 2021-09-27 22:08 162阅读 0赞

**ElasticSearch汇总请查看：[ElasticSearch教程——汇总篇][ElasticSearch]**

# 文件系统 #

## 1、文件系统数据构造 ##

文件搜索数据建模，对类似文件系统这种的有多层级关系的数据进行建模

PUT /fs
    {
      "settings": {
        "analysis": {
          "analyzer": {
            "paths": { 
              "tokenizer": "path_hierarchy"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

tokenizer：path\_hierarchy 可以将路径进行分词，例如/a/b/c/d可以分词成/a/b/c/d,     /a/b/c,     /a/b, /a

这边的名称fs是指filesystem

PUT /fs/_mapping/file
    {
      "properties": {
        "name": { 
          "type":  "keyword"
        },
        "path": { 
          "type":  "keyword",
          "fields": {
            "tree": { 
              "type":     "text",
              "analyzer": "paths"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

PUT /fs/file/1
    {
      "name":     "README.txt", 
      "path":     "/workspace/projects/helloworld", 
      "contents": "这是我的第一个elasticsearch程序"
    }

## 2、对文件系统执行搜索 ##

文件搜索需求：查找一份，内容包括elasticsearch，在/workspace/projects/hellworld这个目录下的文件

GET /fs/file/_search 
    {
      "query": {
        "bool": {
          "must": [
            {
              "match": {
                "contents": "elasticsearch"
              }
            },
            {
              "constant_score": {
                "filter": {
                  "term": {
                    "path": "/workspace/projects/helloworld"
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }

{
      "took": 2,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 1.284885,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "fs",
            "_type": "file",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 1.284885,
            "_source": {
              "name": "README.txt",
              "path": "/workspace/projects/helloworld",
              "contents": "这是我的第一个elasticsearch程序"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

搜索需求2：搜索/workspace目录下，内容包含elasticsearch的所有的文件

/workspace/projects/helloworld    doc1  
/workspace/projects                       doc1  
/workspace                                      doc1

GET /fs/file/_search 
    {
      "query": {
        "bool": {
          "must": [
            {
              "match": {
                "contents": "elasticsearch"
              }
            },
            {
              "constant_score": {
                "filter": {
                  "term": {
                    "path.tree": "/workspace"
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }

# 嵌套关系 #

1、做一个实验，引出来为什么需要nested object

冗余数据方式的来建模，其实用的就是object类型，我们这里又要引入一种新的object类型，nested object类型

博客，评论，做的这种数据模型

PUT /website/blogs/6
    {
      "title": "花无缺发表的一篇帖子",
      "content":  "我是花无缺，大家要不要考虑一下投资房产和买股票的事情啊。。。",
      "tags":  [ "投资", "理财" ],
      "comments": [ 
        {
          "name":    "小鱼儿",
          "comment": "什么股票啊？推荐一下呗",
          "age":     28,
          "stars":   4,
          "date":    "2016-09-01"
        },
        {
          "name":    "黄药师",
          "comment": "我喜欢投资房产，风，险大收益也大",
          "age":     31,
          "stars":   5,
          "date":    "2016-10-22"
        }
      ]
    }

被年龄是28岁的黄药师评论过的博客，搜索

GET /website/blogs/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "bool": {
          "must": [
            { "match": { "comments.name": "黄药师" }},
            { "match": { "comments.age":  28      }} 
          ]
        }
      }
    }

{
      "took": 102,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 1.8022683,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "website",
            "_type": "blogs",
            "_id": "6",
            "_score": 1.8022683,
            "_source": {
              "title": "花无缺发表的一篇帖子",
              "content": "我是花无缺，大家要不要考虑一下投资房产和买股票的事情啊。。。",
              "tags": [
                "投资",
                "理财"
              ],
              "comments": [
                {
                  "name": "小鱼儿",
                  "comment": "什么股票啊？推荐一下呗",
                  "age": 28,
                  "stars": 4,
                  "date": "2016-09-01"
                },
                {
                  "name": "黄药师",
                  "comment": "我喜欢投资房产，风，险大收益也大",
                  "age": 31,
                  "stars": 5,
                  "date": "2016-10-22"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

结果是。。。好像不太对啊？？？

object类型数据结构的底层存储。。。

{
      "title":            [ "花无缺", "发表", "一篇", "帖子" ],
      "content":             [ "我", "是", "花无缺", "大家", "要不要", "考虑", "一下", "投资", "房产", "买", "股票", "事情" ],
      "tags":             [ "投资", "理财" ],
      "comments.name":    [ "小鱼儿", "黄药师" ],
      "comments.comment": [ "什么", "股票", "推荐", "我", "喜欢", "投资", "房产", "风险", "收益", "大" ],
      "comments.age":     [ 28, 31 ],
      "comments.stars":   [ 4, 5 ],
      "comments.date":    [ 2016-09-01, 2016-10-22 ]
    }

object类型底层数据结构，会将一个json数组中的数据，进行扁平化  
所以，直接命中了这个document，name=黄药师，age=28，正好符合

2、引入nested object类型，来解决object类型底层数据结构导致的问题

修改mapping，将comments的类型从object设置为nested

PUT /website
    {
      "mappings": {
        "blogs": {
          "properties": {
            "comments": {
              "type": "nested", 
              "properties": {
                "name":    { "type": "string"  },
                "comment": { "type": "string"  },
                "age":     { "type": "short"   },
                "stars":   { "type": "short"   },
                "date":    { "type": "date"    }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

{ 
      "comments.name":    [ "小鱼儿" ],
      "comments.comment": [ "什么", "股票", "推荐" ],
      "comments.age":     [ 28 ],
      "comments.stars":   [ 4 ],
      "comments.date":    [ 2014-09-01 ]
    }
    { 
      "comments.name":    [ "黄药师" ],
      "comments.comment": [ "我", "喜欢", "投资", "房产", "风险", "收益", "大" ],
      "comments.age":     [ 31 ],
      "comments.stars":   [ 5 ],
      "comments.date":    [ 2014-10-22 ]
    }
    { 
      "title":            [ "花无缺", "发表", "一篇", "帖子" ],
      "body":             [ "我", "是", "花无缺", "大家", "要不要", "考虑", "一下", "投资", "房产", "买", "股票", "事情" ],
      "tags":             [ "投资", "理财" ]
    }

再次搜索，成功了。。。

GET /website/blogs/_search 
    {
      "query": {
        "bool": {
          "must": [
            {
              "match": {
                "title": "花无缺"
              }
            },
            {
              "nested": {
                "path": "comments",
                "score_mode": "max";
                "query": {
                  "bool": {
                    "must": [
                      {
                        "match": {
                          "comments.name": "黄药师"
                        }
                      },
                      {
                        "match": {
                          "comments.age": 28
                        }
                      }
                    ]
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }

score\_mode：max，min，avg，none，默认是avg  
如果搜索命中了多个nested document，如何讲个多个nested document的分数合并为一个分数

我们讲解一下基于nested object中的数据进行聚合分析  
聚合数据分析的需求1：按照评论日期进行bucket划分，然后拿到每个月的评论的评分的平均值

GET /website/blogs/_search 
    {
      "size": 0, 
      "aggs": {
        "comments_path": {
          "nested": {
            "path": "comments"
          }, 
          "aggs": {
            "group_by_comments_date": {
              "date_histogram": {
                "field": "comments.date",
                "interval": "month",
                "format": "yyyy-MM"
              },
              "aggs": {
                "avg_stars": {
                  "avg": {
                    "field": "comments.stars"
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

{
      "took": 52,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": 0,
        "hits": []
      },
      "aggregations": {
        "comments_path": {
          "doc_count": 4,
          "group_by_comments_date": {
            "buckets": [
              {
                "key_as_string": "2016-08",
                "key": 1470009600000,
                "doc_count": 1,
                "avg_stars": {
                  "value": 3
                }
              },
              {
                "key_as_string": "2016-09",
                "key": 1472688000000,
                "doc_count": 2,
                "avg_stars": {
                  "value": 4.5
                }
              },
              {
                "key_as_string": "2016-10",
                "key": 1475280000000,
                "doc_count": 1,
                "avg_stars": {
                  "value": 5
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      }
    }

当根据nested object类型聚合下钻时候，可以用过**reverse\_path**, 获取其他object field进行下钻。

GET /website/blogs/_search 
    {
      "size": 0,
      "aggs": {
        "comments_path": {
          "nested": {
            "path": "comments"
          },
          "aggs": {
            "group_by_comments_age": {
              "histogram": {
                "field": "comments.age",
                "interval": 10
              },
              "aggs": {
                "reverse_path": {
                  "reverse_nested": {}, 
                  "aggs": {
                    "group_by_tags": {
                      "terms": {
                        "field": "tags.keyword"
                      }
                    }
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

{
      "took": 5,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": 0,
        "hits": []
      },
      "aggregations": {
        "comments_path": {
          "doc_count": 4,
          "group_by_comments_age": {
            "buckets": [
              {
                "key": 20,
                "doc_count": 1,
                "reverse_path": {
                  "doc_count": 1,
                  "group_by_tags": {
                    "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
                    "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
                    "buckets": [
                      {
                        "key": "投资",
                        "doc_count": 1
                      },
                      {
                        "key": "理财",
                        "doc_count": 1
                      }
                    ]
                  }
                }
              },
              {
                "key": 30,
                "doc_count": 3,
                "reverse_path": {
                  "doc_count": 2,
                  "group_by_tags": {
                    "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
                    "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
                    "buckets": [
                      {
                        "key": "大侠",
                        "doc_count": 1
                      },
                      {
                        "key": "投资",
                        "doc_count": 1
                      },
                      {
                        "key": "理财",
                        "doc_count": 1
                      },
                      {
                        "key": "练功",
                        "doc_count": 1
                      }
                    ]
                  }
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      }
    }

# 父子关系 #

nested object的建模，有个不好的地方，就是采取的是类似冗余数据的方式，将多个数据都放在一起了，维护成本就比较高

parent child建模方式，采取的是类似于关系型数据库的三范式类的建模，多个实体都分割开来，每个实体之间都通过一些关联方式，进行了父子关系的关联，各种数据不需要都放在一起，父doc和子doc分别在进行更新的时候，都不会影响对方

一对多关系的建模，维护起来比较方便，而且我们之前说过，类似关系型数据库的建模方式，应用层join的方式，会导致性能比较差，因为做多次搜索。父子关系的数据模型，不会，性能很好。因为虽然数据实体之间分割开来，但是我们在搜索的时候，由es自动为我们处理底层的关联关系，并且通过一些手段保证搜索性能。

父子关系数据模型，相对于nested数据模型来说，优点是父doc和子doc互相之间不会影响

要点：父子关系元数据映射，用于确保查询时候的高性能，但是有一个限制，就是**父子数据必须存在于一个shard中**

父子关系数据存在一个shard中，而且还有映射其关联关系的元数据，那么搜索父子关系数据的时候，不用跨分片，一个分片本地自己就搞定了，性能当然高咯

案例背景：研发中心员工管理案例，一个IT公司有多个研发中心，每个研发中心有多个员工

PUT /company
    {
      "mappings": {
        "rd_center": {},
        "employee": {
          "_parent": {
            "type": "rd_center" 
          }
        }
      }
    }

父子关系建模的核心，多个type之间有父子关系，用\_parent指定父type

POST /company/rd_center/_bulk
    { "index": { "_id": "1" }}
    { "name": "北京研发总部", "city": "北京", "country": "中国" }
    { "index": { "_id": "2" }}
    { "name": "上海研发中心", "city": "上海", "country": "中国" }
    { "index": { "_id": "3" }}
    { "name": "硅谷人工智能实验室", "city": "硅谷", "country": "美国" }

shard路由的时候，id=1的rd\_center doc，默认会根据id进行路由，到某一个shard

PUT /company/employee/1?parent=1 
    {
      "name":  "张三",
      "birthday":   "1970-10-24",
      "hobby": "爬山"
    }

维护父子关系的核心，parent=1，指定了这个数据的父doc的id

此时，parent-child关系，就确保了说，父doc和子doc都是保存在一个shard上的。内部原理还是doc routing，employee和rd\_center的数据，都会用parent id作为routing，这样就会到一个shard

就不会根据id=1的employee doc的id进行路由了，而是根据parent=1进行路由，会根据父doc的id进行路由，那么就可以通过底层的路由机制，保证父子数据存在于一个shard中

POST /company/employee/_bulk
    { "index": { "_id": 2, "parent": "1" }}
    { "name": "李四", "birthday": "1982-05-16", "hobby": "游泳" }
    { "index": { "_id": 3, "parent": "2" }}
    { "name": "王二", "birthday": "1979-04-01", "hobby": "爬山" }
    { "index": { "_id": 4, "parent": "3" }}
    { "name": "赵五", "birthday": "1987-05-11", "hobby": "骑马" }

我们已经建立了父子关系的数据模型之后，就要基于这个模型进行各种搜索和聚合了

1、搜索有1980年以后出生的员工的研发中心

GET /company/rd_center/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "has_child": {
          "type": "employee",
          "query": {
            "range": {
              "birthday": {
                "gte": "1980-01-01"
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

{
      "took": 33,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "company",
            "_type": "rd_center",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "name": "北京研发总部",
              "city": "北京",
              "country": "中国"
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "company",
            "_type": "rd_center",
            "_id": "3",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "name": "硅谷人工智能实验室",
              "city": "硅谷",
              "country": "美国"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

2、搜索有名叫张三的员工的研发中心

GET /company/rd_center/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "has_child": {
          "type":       "employee",
          "query": {
            "match": {
              "name": "张三"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

{
      "took": 2,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "company",
            "_type": "rd_center",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "name": "北京研发总部",
              "city": "北京",
              "country": "中国"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

3、搜索有至少2个以上员工的研发中心

GET /company/rd_center/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "has_child": {
          "type":         "employee",
          "min_children": 2, 
          "query": {
            "match_all": {}
          }
        }
      }
    }

{
      "took": 5,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "company",
            "_type": "rd_center",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "name": "北京研发总部",
              "city": "北京",
              "country": "中国"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

4、搜索在中国的研发中心的员工

GET /company/employee/_search 
    {
      "query": {
        "has_parent": {
          "parent_type": "rd_center",
          "query": {
            "term": {
              "country.keyword": "中国"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

{
      "took": 5,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 3,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "company",
            "_type": "employee",
            "_id": "3",
            "_score": 1,
            "_routing": "2",
            "_parent": "2",
            "_source": {
              "name": "王二",
              "birthday": "1979-04-01",
              "hobby": "爬山"
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "company",
            "_type": "employee",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 1,
            "_routing": "1",
            "_parent": "1",
            "_source": {
              "name": "张三",
              "birthday": "1970-10-24",
              "hobby": "爬山"
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "company",
            "_type": "employee",
            "_id": "2",
            "_score": 1,
            "_routing": "1",
            "_parent": "1",
            "_source": {
              "name": "李四",
              "birthday": "1982-05-16",
              "hobby": "游泳"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

5、统计每个国家的喜欢每种爱好的员工有多少个

GET /company/rd_center/_search 
    {
      "size": 0,
      "aggs": {
        "group_by_country": {
          "terms": {
            "field": "country.keyword"
          },
          "aggs": {
            "group_by_child_employee": {
              "children": {
                "type": "employee"
              },
              "aggs": {
                "group_by_hobby": {
                  "terms": {
                    "field": "hobby.keyword"
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

{
      "took": 15,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 3,
        "max_score": 0,
        "hits": []
      },
      "aggregations": {
        "group_by_country": {
          "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
          "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
          "buckets": [
            {
              "key": "中国",
              "doc_count": 2,
              "group_by_child_employee": {
                "doc_count": 3,
                "group_by_hobby": {
                  "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
                  "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
                  "buckets": [
                    {
                      "key": "爬山",
                      "doc_count": 2
                    },
                    {
                      "key": "游泳",
                      "doc_count": 1
                    }
                  ]
                }
              }
            },
            {
              "key": "美国",
              "doc_count": 1,
              "group_by_child_employee": {
                "doc_count": 1,
                "group_by_hobby": {
                  "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
                  "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
                  "buckets": [
                    {
                      "key": "骑马",
                      "doc_count": 1
                    }
                  ]
                }
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }

父子关系，祖孙三层关系的数据建模，搜索

PUT /company
    {
      "mappings": {
        "country": {},
        "rd_center": {
          "_parent": {
            "type": "country" 
          }
        },
        "employee": {
          "_parent": {
            "type": "rd_center" 
          }
        }
      }
    }

country -> rd\_center -> employee，祖孙三层数据模型

POST /company/country/_bulk
    { "index": { "_id": "1" }}
    { "name": "中国" }
    { "index": { "_id": "2" }}
    { "name": "美国" }

POST /company/rd_center/_bulk
    { "index": { "_id": "1", "parent": "1" }}
    { "name": "北京研发总部" }
    { "index": { "_id": "2", "parent": "1" }}
    { "name": "上海研发中心" }
    { "index": { "_id": "3", "parent": "2" }}
    { "name": "硅谷人工智能实验室" }

PUT /company/employee/1?parent=1&routing=1
    {
      "name":  "张三",
      "dob":   "1970-10-24",
      "hobby": "爬山"
    }

routing参数的讲解，必须跟grandparent相同，否则有问题

country，用的是自己的id去路由; rd\_center，parent，用的是country的id去路由; employee，如果也是仅仅指定一个parent，那么用的是rd\_center的id去路由，这就导致祖孙三层数据不会在一个shard上

孙子辈儿，要手动指定routing，指定为爷爷辈儿的数据的id

搜索有爬山爱好的员工所在的国家

GET /company/country/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "has_child": {
          "type": "rd_center",
          "query": {
            "has_child": {
              "type": "employee",
              "query": {
                "match": {
                  "hobby": "爬山"
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

{
      "took": 10,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "company",
            "_type": "country",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "name": "中国"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

[ElasticSearch]: https://blog.csdn.net/gwd1154978352/article/details/82781731