ElasticSearch教程——自定义分词器

偏执的太偏执、 2021-09-27 15:28 456阅读 0赞

**ElasticSearch汇总请查看：[ElasticSearch教程——汇总篇][ElasticSearch]**

## 分词器 ##

Elasticsearch中，内置了很多分词器（analyzers），例如`standard` （标准分词器）、`english`（英文分词）和`chinese` （中文分词），默认的是standard，

standard tokenizer：以单词边界进行切分  
standard token filter：什么都不做  
lowercase token filter：将所有字母转换为小写  
stop token filer（默认被禁用）：移除停用词，比如a the it等等

## 修改分词器设置 ##

启用english，停用词token filter

PUT /my_index
    {
      "settings": {
        "analysis": {
          "analyzer": {
            "es_std": {
              "type": "standard",
              "stopwords": "_english_"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

### 标准分词测试代码 ###

GET /my_index/_analyze
    {
      "analyzer": "standard", 
      "text": "a dog is in the house"
    }

### 结果 ###

{
      "tokens": [
        {
          "token": "a",
          "start_offset": 0,
          "end_offset": 1,
          "type": "<ALPHANUM>",
          "position": 0
        },
        {
          "token": "dog",
          "start_offset": 2,
          "end_offset": 5,
          "type": "<ALPHANUM>",
          "position": 1
        },
        {
          "token": "is",
          "start_offset": 6,
          "end_offset": 8,
          "type": "<ALPHANUM>",
          "position": 2
        },
        {
          "token": "in",
          "start_offset": 9,
          "end_offset": 11,
          "type": "<ALPHANUM>",
          "position": 3
        },
        {
          "token": "the",
          "start_offset": 12,
          "end_offset": 15,
          "type": "<ALPHANUM>",
          "position": 4
        },
        {
          "token": "house",
          "start_offset": 16,
          "end_offset": 21,
          "type": "<ALPHANUM>",
          "position": 5
        }
      ]
    }

### 设置的英文分词测试代码 ###

GET /my_index/_analyze
    {
      "analyzer": "es_std",
      "text":"a dog is in the house"
    }

### 结果 ###

{
      "tokens": [
        {
          "token": "dog",
          "start_offset": 2,
          "end_offset": 5,
          "type": "<ALPHANUM>",
          "position": 1
        },
        {
          "token": "house",
          "start_offset": 16,
          "end_offset": 21,
          "type": "<ALPHANUM>",
          "position": 5
        }
      ]
    }

## 自定义分词器 ##

PUT /my_index
    {
      "settings": {
        "analysis": {
          "char_filter": {
            "&_to_and": {
              "type": "mapping",
              "mappings": ["&=> and"]
            }
          },
          "filter": {
            "my_stopwords": {
              "type": "stop",
              "stopwords": ["the", "a"]
            }
          },
          "analyzer": {
            "my_analyzer": {
              "type": "custom",
              "char_filter": ["html_strip", "&_to_and"],
              "tokenizer": "standard",
              "filter": ["lowercase", "my_stopwords"]
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

## 内容解析 ##

![70][]

## 测试代码 ##

GET /my_index/_analyze
    {
      "text": "tom&jerry are a friend in the house, <a>, HAHA!!",
      "analyzer": "my_analyzer"
    }

## 测试结果 ##

{
      "tokens": [
        {
          "token": "tomandjerry",
          "start_offset": 0,
          "end_offset": 9,
          "type": "<ALPHANUM>",
          "position": 0
        },
        {
          "token": "are",
          "start_offset": 10,
          "end_offset": 13,
          "type": "<ALPHANUM>",
          "position": 1
        },
        {
          "token": "friend",
          "start_offset": 16,
          "end_offset": 22,
          "type": "<ALPHANUM>",
          "position": 3
        },
        {
          "token": "in",
          "start_offset": 23,
          "end_offset": 25,
          "type": "<ALPHANUM>",
          "position": 4
        },
        {
          "token": "house",
          "start_offset": 30,
          "end_offset": 35,
          "type": "<ALPHANUM>",
          "position": 6
        },
        {
          "token": "HAHA",
          "start_offset": 42,
          "end_offset": 46,
          "type": "<ALPHANUM>",
          "position": 7
        }
      ]
    }

## type中的使用 ##

PUT /my_index/_mapping/my_type
    {
      "properties": {
        "content": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "my_analyzer"
        }
      }
    }

[ElasticSearch]: https://blog.csdn.net/gwd1154978352/article/details/82781731
[70]: /images/20210923/cc5fc791a93b435ba1a7409ade8ea69d.png