elasticsearch使用中文分词器和拼音分词器，自定义分词器

刺骨的言语ヽ痛彻心扉 2021-12-19 01:47 563阅读 0赞

# elasticsearch使用中文分词器和拼音分词器，自定义分词器 #

### 1. 到github 下载分词器 ###

上面有已经编译好打好的包。下载后在es安装目录下的plugins/目录下创建ik和pinyin两个文件夹，把下载好的zip包解压在里面。重启es就会生效了。github上readme.txt文件里有使用说明。注意下载的时候下载版本对应的，比如我的es版本是5.6.16，下载分词器的时候也要下载这个版本的。

ik 中文分词器：[https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/releases][https_github.com_medcl_elasticsearch-analysis-ik_releases]

pinyin 拼音分词器：[https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-pinyin/releases][https_github.com_medcl_elasticsearch-analysis-pinyin_releases]

也可以下载源码后，用mvn手动打包，但是特别慢，我打了个拼音包两个多小时，可能和没翻墙也有关系。

### 2. 使用分词器 ###

解压后重启es就可以使用了。分词器是属于索引的，所以测试分词器的时候，要指定是哪个索引。

ik\_smart: 会做最粗粒度的拆分，比如会将“中华人民共和国国歌”拆分为“中华人民共和国,国歌”，适合 Phrase 查询。

get http://localhost:9200/user_index/_analyze?analyzer=ik_smart&text=张三李四

{ 
        "tokens": [
            { 
                "token": "张三李四",
                "start_offset": 0,
                "end_offset": 4,
                "type": "CN_WORD",
                "position": 0
            }
        ]
    }

--------------------

ik\_max\_word: 会将文本做最细粒度的拆分，比如会将“中华人民共和国国歌”拆分为“中华人民共和国,中华人民,中华,华人,人民共和国,人民,人,民,共和国,共和,和,国国,国歌”，会穷尽各种可能的组合，适合 Term Query；

get http://localhost:9200/user_index/_analyze?analyzer=ik_max_word&text=张三李四

{ 
        "tokens": [
            { 
                "token": "张三李四",
                "start_offset": 0,
                "end_offset": 4,
                "type": "CN_WORD",
                "position": 0
            },
            { 
                "token": "张三",
                "start_offset": 0,
                "end_offset": 2,
                "type": "CN_WORD",
                "position": 1
            },
            { 
                "token": "三",
                "start_offset": 1,
                "end_offset": 2,
                "type": "TYPE_CNUM",
                "position": 2
            },
            { 
                "token": "李四",
                "start_offset": 2,
                "end_offset": 4,
                "type": "CN_WORD",
                "position": 3
            },
            { 
                "token": "四",
                "start_offset": 3,
                "end_offset": 4,
                "type": "TYPE_CNUM",
                "position": 4
            }
        ]
    }

--------------------

get http://localhost:9200/user_index/_analyze?analyzer=pinyin&text=张三李四

{ 
        "tokens": [
            { 
                "token": "zhang",
                "start_offset": 0,
                "end_offset": 1,
                "type": "word",
                "position": 0
            },
            { 
                "token": "zsls",
                "start_offset": 0,
                "end_offset": 4,
                "type": "word",
                "position": 0
            },
            { 
                "token": "san",
                "start_offset": 1,
                "end_offset": 2,
                "type": "word",
                "position": 1
            },
            { 
                "token": "li",
                "start_offset": 2,
                "end_offset": 3,
                "type": "word",
                "position": 2
            },
            { 
                "token": "si",
                "start_offset": 3,
                "end_offset": 4,
                "type": "word",
                "position": 3
            }
        ]
    }

### 3. 自定义分词器，ik+pinyin组合使用 ###

ik中文分词器，貌似没有可以设置的属性，直接用就行了。

拼音分词器有许多可以设置的选项。可以自行定义。原本的拼音分词器，只能分析出来全拼、首字母全拼、和每个字的完整拼音，不过这个每个字的完整拼音我觉得没什么作用，太细微。我想实现的功能是，可以让中文分词器分词后的字词，再被拼音分词器分词，就可以用下面的方式，tokenizer 使用 中文分词器ik\_max\_word，最后的标记过滤器，再使用pinyin 分词器过滤一遍就可以了。

{ 
      "index": { 
        "number_of_replicas" : "0",
        "number_of_shards" : "1",
        "analysis": { 
          "analyzer": { 
            "ik_pinyin_analyzer": { 
              "tokenizer": "my_ik_pinyin",
              "filter": "pinyin_first_letter_and_full_pinyin_filter"
            },
            "pinyin_analyzer": { 
              "tokenizer": "my_pinyin"
            }
          },
          "tokenizer": { 
            "my_ik_pinyin": { 
              "type": "ik_max_word"
            },
            "my_pinyin": { 
              "type": "pinyin",
              "keep_first_letter": true,
              "keep_separate_first_letter": false,
              "keep_full_pinyin": false,
              "keep_joined_full_pinyin": true,
              "keep_none_chinese": true,
              "none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize": false,
              "keep_none_chinese_in_joined_full_pinyin": true,
              "keep_original": false,
              "limit_first_letter_length": 16,
              "lowercase": true,
              "trim_whitespace": true,
              "remove_duplicated_term": true
            }
          },
          "filter": { 
            "pinyin_first_letter_and_full_pinyin_filter": { 
              "type": "pinyin",
              "keep_first_letter": true,
              "keep_separate_first_letter": false,
              "keep_full_pinyin": false,
              "keep_joined_full_pinyin": true,
              "keep_none_chinese": true,
              "none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize": false,
              "keep_none_chinese_in_joined_full_pinyin": true,
              "keep_original": false,
              "limit_first_letter_length": 16,
              "lowercase": true,
              "trim_whitespace": true,
              "remove_duplicated_term": true
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

我们测试一下

http://localhost:9200/drug_index/_analyze?analyzer=ik_pinyin_analyzer&text=阿莫西林胶囊

返回的结果就是汉字ik\_max\_word分词后的结果，再按照拼音分词的规则做了分析。

{ 
        "tokens": [
            { 
                "token": "amoxilin",
                "start_offset": 0,
                "end_offset": 4,
                "type": "CN_WORD",
                "position": 0
            },
            { 
                "token": "amxl",
                "start_offset": 0,
                "end_offset": 4,
                "type": "CN_WORD",
                "position": 0
            },
            { 
                "token": "moxi",
                "start_offset": 1,
                "end_offset": 3,
                "type": "CN_WORD",
                "position": 1
            },
            { 
                "token": "mx",
                "start_offset": 1,
                "end_offset": 3,
                "type": "CN_WORD",
                "position": 1
            },
            { 
                "token": "xilin",
                "start_offset": 2,
                "end_offset": 4,
                "type": "CN_WORD",
                "position": 2
            },
            { 
                "token": "xl",
                "start_offset": 2,
                "end_offset": 4,
                "type": "CN_WORD",
                "position": 2
            },
            { 
                "token": "jiaonang",
                "start_offset": 4,
                "end_offset": 6,
                "type": "CN_WORD",
                "position": 3
            },
            { 
                "token": "jn",
                "start_offset": 4,
                "end_offset": 6,
                "type": "CN_WORD",
                "position": 3
            }
        ]
    }

### 4. 代码测试 ###

package com.boot.es.model;
    
    import lombok.Data;
    import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
    import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Document;
    import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Field;
    import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.FieldType;
    import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.InnerField;
    import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.MultiField;
    import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Setting;
    
    /** * Author: susq * Date: 2019-06-30 10:12 */
    @Data
    @Document(indexName = "drug_index", type = "drug")
    @Setting(settingPath = "settings.json")
    public class Drug { 
    
        @Id
        private Long id;
    
        @Field(type = FieldType.Keyword)
        private String price;
    
        @MultiField(
                mainField = @Field(type = FieldType.Keyword),
                otherFields = { 
                        @InnerField(type = FieldType.Text, suffix = "ik", analyzer = "ik_max_word", searchAnalyzer = "ik_max_word"),
                        @InnerField(type = FieldType.Text, suffix = "ik_pinyin", analyzer = "ik_pinyin_analyzer", searchAnalyzer = "ik_pinyin_analyzer"),
                        @InnerField(type = FieldType.Text, suffix = "pinyin", analyzer = "pinyin_analyzer", searchAnalyzer = "pinyin_analyzer")
                }
        )
        private String name;
    
        @MultiField(
                mainField = @Field(type = FieldType.Keyword),
                otherFields = { 
                        @InnerField(type = FieldType.Text, suffix = "ik", analyzer = "ik_max_word", searchAnalyzer = "ik_smart"),
                        @InnerField(type = FieldType.Text, suffix = "ik_pinyin", analyzer = "ik_pinyin_analyzer", searchAnalyzer = "ik_pinyin_analyzer"),
                        @InnerField(type = FieldType.Text, suffix = "pinyin", analyzer = "pinyin_analyzer", searchAnalyzer = "pinyin_analyzer")
                }
        )
        private String effect;
    }

@Test
    public void drugSaveTest() { 
      Drug drug = new Drug();
      drug.setId(1L);
      drug.setName("阿莫西林胶囊");
      drug.setPrice("10");
      drug.setEffect("阿莫西林适用于敏感菌(不产β内酰胺酶菌株)所致的感染");
    
      Drug drug1 = new Drug();
      drug1.setId(3L);
      drug1.setName("阿莫西林");
      drug1.setPrice("10");
      drug1.setEffect("阿莫西林适用于敏感菌(不产β内酰胺酶菌株)所致的感染");
    
      Drug drug2 = new Drug();
      drug2.setId(2L);
      drug2.setName("999感冒灵颗粒");
      drug2.setPrice("20");
      drug2.setEffect("本品解热镇痛。用于感冒引起的头痛，发热，鼻塞，流涕，咽痛等");
    
      drugRepository.saveAll(Lists.newArrayList(drug, drug1, drug2));
    
      List<Drug> drugs = Lists.newArrayList(drugRepository.findAll());
      log.info("以保存的drugs: {}", drugs);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void drugSaveTest() { 
      Drug drug = new Drug();
      drug.setId(1L);
      drug.setName("阿莫西林胶囊");
      drug.setPrice("10");
      drug.setEffect("阿莫西林适用于敏感菌(不产β内酰胺酶菌株)所致的感染");
    
      Drug drug1 = new Drug();
      drug1.setId(3L);
      drug1.setName("阿莫西林");
      drug1.setPrice("10");
      drug1.setEffect("阿莫西林适用于敏感菌(不产β内酰胺酶菌株)所致的感染");
    
      Drug drug2 = new Drug();
      drug2.setId(2L);
      drug2.setName("999感冒灵颗粒");
      drug2.setPrice("20");
      drug2.setEffect("本品解热镇痛。用于感冒引起的头痛，发热，鼻塞，流涕，咽痛等");
    
      drugRepository.saveAll(Lists.newArrayList(drug, drug1, drug2));
    
      List<Drug> drugs = Lists.newArrayList(drugRepository.findAll());
      log.info("以保存的drugs: {}", drugs);
    }
    
    /** * 这个测试中，name（不带后缀的时候是Keyword类型），不分词的时候，如果能匹配到 * 那就是完全匹配，应该要得分高一点，所以设置是match查询的两倍 */
    @Test
    public void drugIkSearchTest() { 
      NativeSearchQueryBuilder builder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder();
      NativeSearchQuery query = builder.withQuery(QueryBuilders.boolQuery()
                                                  .should(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name", "阿莫西林")).boost(2)
                                                  .should(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name.ik", "阿莫西林")).boost(1))
        .build();
      log.info("DSL:{}", query.getQuery().toString());
      Iterable<Drug> iterable = drugRepository.search(query);
      List<Drug> drugs = Lists.newArrayList(iterable);
      log.info("result: {}", drugs);
    }
    
    /** * 这个测试中，name.pinyin（只生成整个name的全拼和所有汉字首字母的全拼接）， * 这个匹配的时候就是完全匹配，得分应该高一点 */
    @Test
    public void drugPinyinSearchTest() { 
      NativeSearchQueryBuilder builder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder();
      NativeSearchQuery query = builder.withQuery(QueryBuilders.boolQuery()
                                                  .should(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name.ik_pinyin", "阿莫西林").boost(1))
                                                  .should(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name.pinyin", "阿莫西林").boost(2))
                                                 )
        .withSort(SortBuilders.scoreSort())
        .build();
      log.info("DSL:{}", query.getQuery().toString());
      Iterable<Drug> iterable = drugRepository.search(query);
      List<Drug> drugs = Lists.newArrayList(iterable);
      log.info("result: {}", drugs);
    }

[https_github.com_medcl_elasticsearch-analysis-ik_releases]: https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/releases
[https_github.com_medcl_elasticsearch-analysis-pinyin_releases]: https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-pinyin/releases