Spring Cloud Alibaba系列之Nacos分布式配置中心

曾经终败给现在 2021-09-03 03:54 349阅读 0赞

## 1、前言介绍 ##

Spring Cloud Alibaba Nacos Config提供用于存储配置和其他元数据的 key/value 存储，为分布式系统中的外部化配置提供服务器端和客户端支持，nacos config是Spring Cloud config Server和config Client的替代方案

## 2、环境准备 ##

*  环境准备：
    
     *  64bit JDK 1.8
     *  SpringBoot2.3.7.RELEASE
     *  SpringCloud(Hoxton.SR9)
     *  SpringCloudAlibaba2.2.2.RELEASE
     *  Maven 3.2+
 *  开发工具
    
     *  IntelliJ IDEA
     *  smartGit

## 3、新建项目 ##

使用阿里提供的初始化服务链接创建Spring Initializer项目，链接：[https://start.aliyun.com][https_start.aliyun.com]  
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选择jdk版本，packaging方式为jar  
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选择阿里Nacos的Nacos Configuration配置  
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服务订阅服务的加上nacos服务订阅 ， Nacos Service Discovery  
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测试需要，可以增加 “Spring Web” 和 “Spring Boot Actuator” 组件，没有安装IDEA开发软件，可以在阿里的平台生成代码：[https://start.aliyun.com/bootstrap.html][https_start.aliyun.com_bootstrap.html]  
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也可以用代码方式添加，添加阿里的nacos-config

<dependency>
       <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
     </dependency>

生成的配置参考：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <groupId>com.example.springcloudalibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>springcloud-alibaba-nacos-config</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <spring-boot.version>2.3.7.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
            <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.2.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                        <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.8.1</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <source>1.8</source>
                        <target>1.8</target>
                        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <mainClass>com.example.springcloudalibaba.nacosconfig.SpringcloudAlibabaNacosConfigApplication
                        </mainClass>
                    </configuration>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <id>repackage</id>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>repackage</goal>
                            </goals>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

## 4、启动Nacos服务 ##

详情可以参考官网：[https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/quick-start.html][https_nacos.io_zh-cn_docs_quick-start.html]，需要先下载nacos服务端源码，下载源码后编译启动项目：

window+R启动cmd窗口，cd到nacos server的bin目录，linux系统直接使用`cd ${nacos_server_home}/bin`

./startup.sh -m standalone

window系统使用命令`startup.cmd -m standalone`  
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启动成功，访问：[http://127.0.0.1:8848/nacos][http_127.0.0.1_8848_nacos]，账号密码都是nacos  
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登录成功，来到主页：  
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## 5、添加Nacos配置 ##

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Data ID 由应用名（springcloud-alibaba-nacos-config）+ 文件后缀名(.properties) 组成，应用名写在配置文件`spring.application.name=springcloud-alibaba-nacos-config`  
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user.name=admin123

## 6、Nacos配置文件 ##

Nacos config配置，写在bootstrap.properties，bootstrap.properties配置文件的优先级比application.properties的优先级高

# Nacos帮助文档: https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/concepts.html
    # Nacos认证信息
    spring.cloud.nacos.config.username=nacos
    spring.cloud.nacos.config.password=nacos
    spring.cloud.nacos.config.contextPath=/nacos
    # 设置配置中心服务端地址
    spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
    # Nacos 配置中心的namespace。需要注意，如果使用 public 的 namcespace ，请不要填写这个值，直接留空即可
    # spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace=

修改一下nacos服务地址：  
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注意：Nacos Server 地址必须配置在 bootstrap.properties 文件。

package com.example.springcloudalibaba.nacosconfig.nacosconfig;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    
    @EnableAutoConfiguration
    @Configuration
    public class NacosConfigConfiguration { 
    }

## 7、@Value属性刷新 ##

使用 Nacos Config 实现 Bean @Value属性刷新

package com.example.springcloudalibaba.nacosconfig;
    
    import com.example.springcloudalibaba.nacosconfig.bean.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.StringReader;
    import java.util.Properties;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    //@RefreshScope
    @RestController
    public class SpringcloudAlibabaNacosConfigApplication { 
    
        @Value("${user.name}")
        private String userName;
    
        @PostConstruct
        public void init() { 
           System.out.println(String.format("从Nacos配置中心获取数据,username:%s",userName));
        }
    
        @GetMapping("/username")
        public String username() { 
            return String.format("get user name : %s", userName);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudAlibabaNacosConfigApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    }

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> get user name : admin123

> 获取用户信息：User\{name=‘admin’\}

## 8、@ConfigurationProperties 属性刷新 ##

使用 Nacos Config 实现 @ConfigurationPropertiesBean 属性刷新

package com.example.springcloudalibaba.nacosconfig.bean;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
    import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
    
    @RefreshScope
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "user")
    public class User { 
    
        private String name;
    
        public String getName() { 
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) { 
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() { 
            return "User{" +
                    "name='" + name + '\'' +
                    '}';
        }
    }

## 9、动态刷新属性数据 ##

Nacos Confg 支持标准 Spring Cloud @RefreshScope特性，`@RefreshScope`主键加在Application类就可以，除此之外，Nacos Confg 也引入了 Nacos Client 底层数据变化监听接口，即`com.alibaba.nacos.api.config.listener.Listener`

package com.example.springcloudalibaba.nacosconfig;
    
    import com.example.springcloudalibaba.nacosconfig.bean.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
    import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @RefreshScope
    @EnableConfigurationProperties(User.class)
    @RestController
    public class SpringcloudAlibabaNacosConfigApplication { 
    
        @Autowired
        private User user;
    
        @GetMapping("/user")
        public String user() { 
            return String.format("获取用户信息：%s" , user);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudAlibabaNacosConfigApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    }

ApplicationRunner 进行监听，主要属性变动了，就会自动刷日志

package com.example.springcloudalibaba.nacosconfig;
    
    import com.alibaba.cloud.nacos.NacosConfigManager;
    import com.alibaba.nacos.api.config.listener.AbstractListener;
    import com.example.springcloudalibaba.nacosconfig.bean.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
    import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.StringReader;
    import java.util.Properties;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @RefreshScope
    @EnableConfigurationProperties(User.class)
    @RestController
    public class SpringcloudAlibabaNacosConfigApplication { 
    
        @Value("${user.name}")
        private String userName;
    
        @Autowired
        private NacosConfigManager nacosConfigManager;
    
        @PostConstruct
        public void init() { 
           System.out.println(String.format("从Nacos配置中心获取数据,username:%s",userName));
        }
    
        @GetMapping("/username")
        public String username() { 
            return String.format("get user name : %s", userName);
        }
    
        @Bean
        public ApplicationRunner runner() { 
            return args -> { 
                String dataId = "springcloud-alibaba-nacos-config.properties";
                String group = "DEFAULT_GROUP";
                nacosConfigManager.getConfigService().addListener(dataId, group, new AbstractListener() { 
                    @Override
                    public void receiveConfigInfo(String configInfo) { 
                        System.out.println(String.format("[Listener] :%s" , configInfo));
                        System.out.println("[Before User] " + user);
                        Properties properties = new Properties();
                        try { 
                            properties.load(new StringReader(configInfo));
                            String name = properties.getProperty("user.name");
                            user.setName(name);
                        } catch (IOException e) { 
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        System.out.println("[After User] " + user);
                    }
                });
            };
        }
    
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudAlibabaNacosConfigApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    }

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## 10、Nacos Config其它配置 ##

*  全局关闭配置  
    关闭nacos配置，可以通过如下代码配置：

spring.cloud.nacos.config.enabled = false

*  更多的配置

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>配置项</th> 
   <th>key</th> 
   <th>默认值</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>服务端地址</td> 
   <td>spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Nacos 启动监听的ip地址和端口</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>配置对应的 DataId</td> 
   <td>spring.cloud.nacos.config.name</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>先取 prefix，再取 name，最后取 spring.application.name</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>配置对应的 DataId</td> 
   <td>spring.cloud.nacos.config.prefix</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>先取 prefix，再取 name，最后取 spring.application.name</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>配置对应的 DataId</td> 
   <td>spring.cloud.nacos.config.prefix</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>先取 prefix，再取 name，最后取 spring.application.name</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>配置内容编码</td> 
   <td>spring.cloud.nacos.config.encode</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>设置编码既可</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Nacos Group配置</td> 
   <td>spring.cloud.nacos.config.group</td> 
   <td>DEFAULT_GROUP</td> 
   <td>配置对应的Group</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>配置文件拓展名</td> 
   <td>spring.cloud.nacos.config.fileExtension</td> 
   <td>properties</td> 
   <td>配置项对应的文件扩展名，目前支持 properties 和 yaml(yml)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>获取配置超时时间</td> 
   <td>spring.cloud.nacos.config.timeout</td> 
   <td>3000</td> 
   <td>客户端获取配置的超时时间，单位毫秒</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>配置接入点</td> 
   <td>spring.cloud.nacos.config.endpoint</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>地域的某个服务的入口域名，通过此域名可以动态地拿到服务端地址</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>配置命名空间</td> 
   <td>spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>命名空间用于区分不同环境的配置，例如开发测试环境和生产环境的资源</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>AccessKey</td> 
   <td>spring.cloud.nacos.config.accessKey</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>阿里云上面的一个云账号名</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>SecretKey</td> 
   <td>spring.cloud.nacos.config.secretKey</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>阿里云上面的一个云账号密码</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>配置Nacos Server context path</td> 
   <td>spring.cloud.nacos.config.contextPath</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Nacos Server对外提供的context path</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>配置Nacos集群</td> 
   <td>spring.cloud.nacos.config.clusterName</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>配置成Nacos集群名称</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>共享配置</td> 
   <td>spring.cloud.nacos.config.sharedDataids</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>共享配置的 DataId, “,” 分割</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>共享配置动态刷新</td> 
   <td>spring.cloud.nacos.config.refreshableDataids</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>共享配置中需要动态刷新的 DataId, “,” 分割</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>共享配置动态刷新</td> 
   <td>spring.cloud.nacos.config.extConfig</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>属性是个集合，内部由 ConfigPOJO 组成。Config有 3 个属性，分别是 dataId, group以及 refresh</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 11、Nacos Actuator监控 ##

Nacos Config Actuator Endpoint，引入maven配置：

<dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
     </dependency>

配置文件：

management.endpoints.jmx.exposure.include=*
    management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
    management.endpoint.health.show-details=always
    
    # Actuator Web 访问端口
    management.server.port=8081

`curl http://127.0.0.1:8081/actuator/nacos-config`

{ 
        "NacosConfigProperties":{ 
            "serverAddr":"127.0.0.1:8848",
            "username":"nacos",
            "password":"nacos",
            "encode":null,
            "group":"DEFAULT_GROUP",
            "prefix":null,
            "fileExtension":"properties",
            "timeout":3000,
            "maxRetry":null,
            "configLongPollTimeout":null,
            "configRetryTime":null,
            "enableRemoteSyncConfig":false,
            "endpoint":null,
            "namespace":null,
            "accessKey":null,
            "secretKey":null,
            "contextPath":"/nacos",
            "clusterName":null,
            "name":null,
            "sharedConfigs":null,
            "extensionConfigs":null,
            "refreshEnabled":true,
            "sharedDataids":null,
            "extConfig":null,
            "refreshableDataids":null,
            "configServiceProperties":{ 
                "secretKey":"",
                "contextPath":"/nacos",
                "namespace":"",
                "username":"nacos",
                "enableRemoteSyncConfig":"false",
                "configLongPollTimeout":"",
                "configRetryTime":"",
                "encode":"",
                "serverAddr":"127.0.0.1:8848",
                "maxRetry":"",
                "clusterName":"",
                "password":"nacos",
                "accessKey":"",
                "endpoint":""
            }
        },
        "RefreshHistory":[
    
        ],
        "Sources":[
            { 
                "lastSynced":"2021-01-15 15:15:56",
                "dataId":"springcloud-alibaba-nacos-config.properties"
            },
            { 
                "lastSynced":"2021-01-15 15:15:56",
                "dataId":"springcloud-alibaba-nacos-config"
            }
        ]
    }

本博客的例子代码可以在github找到下载链接：[代码下载][Link 1]

## 12、附录：参考资料 ##

*  Nacos中文手册：[https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/what-is-nacos.html][https_nacos.io_zh-cn_docs_what-is-nacos.html]
 *  Nacos Github WIKI：[https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/wiki][https_github.com_alibaba_nacos_wiki]
 *  Nacos官网博客：[https://nacos.io/zh-cn/blog/index.html][https_nacos.io_zh-cn_blog_index.html]

[https_start.aliyun.com]: https://start.aliyun.com
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[https_start.aliyun.com_bootstrap.html]: https://start.aliyun.com/bootstrap.html
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[https_nacos.io_zh-cn_docs_quick-start.html]: https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/quick-start.html
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[http_127.0.0.1_8848_nacos]: http://127.0.0.1:8848/nacos
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[Link 1]: https://github.com/u014427391/springCloudAlibabaExample
[https_nacos.io_zh-cn_docs_what-is-nacos.html]: https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/what-is-nacos.html
[https_github.com_alibaba_nacos_wiki]: https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/wiki
[https_nacos.io_zh-cn_blog_index.html]: https://nacos.io/zh-cn/blog/index.html