初级爬虫实战——人民网

以你之姓@ 2024-04-06 15:18 82阅读 0赞

#### 文章目录 ####

*  前言
 *  发现宝藏

## 前言 ##

为了巩固所学的知识，作者尝试着开始发布一些学习笔记类的博客，方便日后回顾。当然，如果能帮到一些萌新进行新技术的学习那也是极好的。作者菜菜一枚，文章中如果有记录错误，欢迎读者朋友们批评指正。  
（博客的参考源码可以在我主页的资源里找到，如果在学习的过程中有什么疑问欢迎大家在评论区向我提出）

## 发现宝藏 ##

前些天发现了一个巨牛的人工智能学习网站，通俗易懂，风趣幽默，忍不住分享一下给大家。【[宝藏入口][Link 1]】。

> http://jhsjk.people.cn/testnew/result

import os
    import re
    from datetime import datetime
    import requests
    import json
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
    from pymongo import MongoClient
    from tqdm import tqdm
    
    class ArticleCrawler:
        def __init__(self, catalogues_url, card_root_url, output_dir, db_name='ren-ming-wang'):
            self.catalogues_url = catalogues_url
            self.card_root_url = card_root_url
            self.output_dir = output_dir
            self.client = MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')
            self.db = self.client[db_name]
            self.catalogues = self.db['catalogues']
            self.cards = self.db['cards']
            self.headers = {
        
                'Referer': 'https://jhsjk.people.cn/result?',
                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) '
                              'Chrome/119.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
                'Cookie': '替换成你自己的',
            }
    
        # 发送带参数的get请求并获取页面内容
        def fetch_page(self, url, page):
            params = {
        
                'keywords': '',
                'isFuzzy': '0',
                'searchArea': '0',
                'year': '0',
                'form': '',
                'type': '0',
                'page': page,
                'origin': '全部',
                'source': '2',
            }
            response = requests.get(url, params=params, headers=self.headers)
            soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
            return soup
    
        # 解析请求版面
        def parse_catalogues(self, json_catalogues):
            card_list = json_catalogues['list']
            for list in card_list:
                a_tag = 'article/'+list['article_id']
                card_url = self.card_root_url + a_tag
                card_title = list['title']
                updateTime = list['input_date']
                self.parse_cards(card_url, updateTime)
                date = datetime.now()
                catalogues_id = list['article_id']+'01'
    
                # 检查重复标题
                existing_docs = self.catalogues.find_one({
        'id': catalogues_id})
                if existing_docs is not None:
                    print(f'版面id: {
          catalogues_id}【已经存在】')
                    continue
    
                card_data = {
        
                    'id': catalogues_id,
                    'title': card_title,
                    'page': 1,
                    'serial': 1,
                    # 一个版面一个文章
                    'dailyId': '',
                    'cardSize': 1,
                    'subjectCode': '50',
                    'updateTime': updateTime,
                    'institutionnCode': '10000',
                    'date': date,
                    'snapshot': {
        
    
                    }
                }
                self.catalogues.insert_one(card_data)
                print(f'版面id: {
          catalogues_id}【插入成功】')
    
        # 解析请求文章
        def parse_cards(self, url, updateTime):
            response = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers)
            soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, "html.parser")
            try:
                title = soup.find("div", "d2txt clearfix").find('h1').text
            except:
                try:
                    title = soup.find('h1').text
                except:
                    print(f'【无法解析该文章标题】{
          url}')
            html_content = soup.find('div', 'd2txt_con clearfix')
            text = html_content.get_text()
            imgs = [img.get('src') or img.get('data-src') for img in html_content.find_all('img')]
            cleaned_content = self.clean_content(text)
            # 假设我们有一个正则表达式匹配对象match
            match = re.search(r'\d+', url)
            # 获取匹配的字符串
            card_id = match.group()
            date = datetime.now()
            if len(imgs) != 0:
                # 下载图片
                self.download_images(imgs, card_id)
    
            # 创建文档
            document = {
        
                'id': card_id,
                'serial': 1,
                'page': 1,
                'url' : url,
                'type': 'ren-ming-wang',
                'catalogueId': card_id + '01',
                'subjectCode': '50',
                'institutionCode': '10000',
                'updateTime': updateTime,
                'flag': 'true',
                'date': date,
                'title': title,
                'illustrations': imgs,
                'html_content': str(html_content),
                'content': cleaned_content
            }
            # 检查重复标题
            existing_docs = self.cards.find_one({
        'id': card_id})
            if existing_docs is None:
                # 插入文档
                self.cards.insert_one(document)
                print(f"文章id：{
          card_id}【插入成功】")
            else:
                print(f"文章id：{
          card_id}【已经存在】")
    
        # 文章数据清洗
        def clean_content(self, content):
            if content is not None:
                content = re.sub(r'\r', r'\n', content)
                content = re.sub(r'\n{2,}', '', content)
                # content = re.sub(r'\n', '', content)
                content = re.sub(r' {6,}', '', content)
                content = re.sub(r' {3,}\n', '', content)
                content = content.replace('<P>', '').replace('<\P>', '').replace(' ', ' ')
            return content
    
        # 下载图片
        def download_images(self, img_urls, card_id):
            # 根据card_id创建一个新的子目录
            images_dir = os.path.join(self.output_dir, card_id)
            if not os.path.exists(images_dir):
                os.makedirs(images_dir)
                downloaded_images = []
                for img_url in img_urls:
                    try:
                        response = requests.get(img_url, stream=True)
                        if response.status_code == 200:
                            # 从URL中提取图片文件名
                            image_name = os.path.join(images_dir, img_url.split('/')[-1])
                            # 确保文件名不重复
                            if os.path.exists(image_name):
                                continue
                            with open(image_name, 'wb') as f:
                                f.write(response.content)
                            downloaded_images.append(image_name)
                            print(f"Image downloaded: {
          img_url}")
                    except Exception as e:
                        print(f"Failed to download image {
          img_url}. Error: {
          e}")
                return downloaded_images
            # 如果文件夹存在则跳过
            else:
                print(f'文章id为{
          card_id}的图片文件夹已经存在')
    
        # 查找共有多少页
        def find_page_all(self, soup):
            # 查找<em>标签
            em_tag = soup.find('em', onclick=True)
            # 从onclick属性中提取页码
            if em_tag and 'onclick' in em_tag.attrs:
                onclick_value = em_tag['onclick']
                page_number = int(onclick_value.split('(')[1].split(')')[0])
                return page_number
            else:
                print('找不到总共有多少页数据')
    
        # 关闭与MongoDB的连接
        def close_connection(self):
            self.client.close()
    
        # 执行爬虫，循环获取多页版面及文章并存储
        def run(self):
            soup_catalogue = self.fetch_page(self.catalogues_url, 1)
            page_all = self.find_page_all(soup_catalogue)
            if page_all:
                for index in tqdm(range(1, page_all), desc='Page'):
                # for index in tqdm(range(1, 50), desc='Page'):
                    soup_catalogues = self.fetch_page(self.catalogues_url, index).text
                    # 解析JSON数据
                    soup_catalogues_json = json.loads(soup_catalogues)
                    self.parse_catalogues(soup_catalogues_json)
                    print(f'======================================Finished page {
          index}======================================')
    
            self.close_connection()
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        crawler = ArticleCrawler(
            catalogues_url='http://jhsjk.people.cn/testnew/result',
            card_root_url='http://jhsjk.people.cn/',
            output_dir='D:\\ren-ming-wang\\img'
        )
        crawler.run()  # 运行爬虫，搜索所有内容
        crawler.close_connection()  # 关闭数据库连接

![在这里插入图片描述][16d654d5dff648d8b00ef277d16d03ff.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][6f66645e88e74d018d9a9a16073eff4a.png]

![在这里插入图片描述][fccdea9f25ff4fc59ff6e05e9c8cd72b.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][e91978852f0d49b2a98a2df9c861cd1f.png]

[Link 1]: https://www.captainbed.cn/dl
[16d654d5dff648d8b00ef277d16d03ff.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/bc506c6e864e4097af25ab550f209eda.png
[6f66645e88e74d018d9a9a16073eff4a.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/a5b02db6d8a043a78a8b56a5056d37fc.png
[fccdea9f25ff4fc59ff6e05e9c8cd72b.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/b218b9afd35b4d7ab6004002fa0c722b.png
[e91978852f0d49b2a98a2df9c861cd1f.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/729ee82f3cb542f6b45072bde035d954.png