SpringMVC项目的创建

布满荆棘的人生 2024-04-06 10:09 52阅读 0赞

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#### 目录 ####

*   *  3、SpringMVC使用
     *   *  3.1、搭建项目
         *   *  3.1.1、前期工作
             *  3.1.2、搭建JSP页面
             *  3.1.3、Thymeleaf模板

### 3、SpringMVC使用 ###

--------------------

#### 3.1、搭建项目 ####

##### 3.1.1、前期工作 #####

使用SpringMVC创建项目需要添加相关的依赖：

*  创建项目（如果Archetype选择了wabapp，会自动创建webapp相关包，但是java、resources、test等文件夹需要自己手动创建）
    
    ![image-20230228212357028][]
 *  添加TomCat服务器（需要注意spring的版本，如果是spring6需要加载的TomCat10.1以上的版本）
    
    ![image-20230228211245589][]
    
    ![image-20230228211328025][]
    
    根据使用的spring版本改变tomcat的版本
    
    ![image-20230301115041344][]
    
    ![image-20230228213451914][]
    
    ![image-20230228213503087][]
 *  添加依赖
    
     *  springmvc6
        
            
            <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
              <version>6.0.3</version>
            </dependency>
            
            
            <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
              <version>6.0.3</version>
            </dependency>
            
            
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId>
                <version>6.0.0</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
     *  springmvc5
        
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                <version>5.3.22</version>
            </dependency>
            
            
            <dependency>
              <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
              <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
              <version>4.0.1</version>
              <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
 *  创建webapp文件
    
    ![image-20230228203556136][] ![202302282102999.png][] ![image-20230228210152883][]
    
    ![image-20230228212708427][]
 *  DispatcherServlet其实也是一个Servlet，而servlet必须要在web.xml中配置，Spring才能找得到（设置成spring启动时就初始化 ）
    
        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
        <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
                 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                 xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
                 version="4.0">
            
            
            <context-param>
                <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                <param-value>classpath:*.xml</param-value>
            </context-param>
        
            
            <filter>
                <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
                <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
                <init-param>
                    <param-name>encoding</param-name>
                    <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
                </init-param>
                
                <init-param>
                    <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
                    <param-value>true</param-value>
                </init-param>
            </filter>
            <filter-mapping>
                <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
                <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
            </filter-mapping>
        
            
            <servlet>
                <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
                <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
                
                <init-param>
                    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                    <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
                </init-param>
                
                <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
            </servlet>
            <servlet-mapping>
                <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
                
                <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
            </servlet-mapping>
           
        </web-app>

##### 3.1.2、搭建JSP页面 #####

先导入支持JSP页面的依赖

<dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

在resources下配置SpringMVC的 xml配置文件，创建视图解析器，用于拼接jsp相关页面

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        
        
        <bean id="InternalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
        </bean>
        
        
        <context:component-scan base-package="controller路径"/>
        
        
        <mvc:annotation-driven>
            <mvc:message-converters>
                <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
                    <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
                        <list>
                            <value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>
                            <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
                            <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
                            <value>application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8</value>
                        </list>
                    </property>
                </bean>
            </mvc:message-converters>
        </mvc:annotation-driven>
    </beans>

配置好前面那些其实就已经可以运行了，运行后会自动打开 index.jsp页面

![image-20230301142532255][]

创建页面和controller进行视图跳转

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    	${msg}
    </body>
    </html>

@Controller		//注解表示为一个控制器，要配置包的扫描
    public class HelloController {
        
        
    	//访问到这个方法的路径
        @RequestMapping("/hello")
        public String test(Model model){
        	//model操作视图内容
            model.addAttribute("msg","欢迎你啊！！！！");
           //跳转到jsp页面。路径为：视图解析器前缀+jsppage/hello+后缀
           return "jsppage/hello";
        }
    }

##### 3.1.3、Thymeleaf模板 #####

Thymeleaf 是一款模板引擎，主要用于前后端分离时使用，它既可以静态显示，也可以通过web访问实现动态显示，是SpringBoot中大力推崇的一套模板引擎。

它是用来代替JSP使用的，JSP 页面中常常会掺杂这一些后端的 Java 代码，不太符合前后端分离的思想，所以现在都陆续使用其他技术来代替 JSP ，而 Thymeleaf 就是其中较为优秀的技术之一。

SpringMVC使用 Thymeleaf 需要先导入相关的依赖：

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
        <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.15.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.attoparser</groupId>
        <artifactId>attoparser</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.unbescape</groupId>
        <artifactId>unbescape</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

然后在springmvc的配置文件中配置Thymeleaf的视图解析器，Thymeleaf 使用的HTML 页面，所以需要重新配置视图解析器，使用 Thymeleaf，并解析HTML页面。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
       
        
        <context:component-scan base-package="controller路径"/>
        
        
        <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
            <property name="order" value="1"/>
            <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
            <property name="templateEngine">
                <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">
                    <property name="templateResolver">
                        <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">
                            
                            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>
                            
                            <property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
                            <property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>
                            <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
                        </bean>
                    </property>
                </bean>
            </property>
        </bean>
    </beans>

编写 HTML页面，然后使用Controller进行跳转：

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
        <head>
            <meta charset="UTF-8">
            <title>Title</title>
        </head>
        <body>
            
            <h1 th:text="${name}+你好啊">hello</h1>
        </body>
    </html>

@Controller
    public class SpringMVC5TestController {
        
        //跳转到主页
        @RequestMapping({
        "/","/index"})
        public String intdex(){
        
            return "index";
        }
        
        @RequestMapping("/hello")
        public void hello(Model model){
        
            System.out.println("执行");
            model.addAttribute("name","yu");
        }
    }

不用web访问时静态页面：

![image-20230301165540552][]

web访问动态页面

![image-20230301165459163][]

[Java]: https://blog.csdn.net/yuandfeng/article/details/114333525
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