CentOS7.3静默安装Oracle12C

「爱情、让人受尽委屈。」 2022-11-27 12:08 210阅读 0赞

## CentOS7.3静默安装Oracle12C ##

因为业务需求，只能在内网离线静默安装Oracle12C，痛苦了一整天。现把安装流程记录下来，希望能帮到有相同需求的小伙伴，整个流程亲测可用。

### 1.系统配置要求 ###

1）物理内存2GB以上，交换空间大约为物理内存的2倍。

2）安装目录建议有25GB以上可用空间。

3）提前配置好主机名、IP地址，完成安装以后不要再改主机名。

### 2.下载Oracle12C安装包 ###

下载地址：[https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle-database-software-downloads.html][https_www.oracle.com_database_technologies_oracle-database-software-downloads.html]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NzU2Njgy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

### 3.配置主机名和IP的映射 ###

**vi /etc/hosts**

添加配置项IP 主机名称

![20200815122715833.png][]

### 4.手动配置内核参数 ###

**vi /etc/sysctl.conf**

添加如下行；修改后运行sysctl -p指令刷新参数

fs.file-max = 6815744
    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
    kernel.shmmni = 4096
    kernel.shmall = 1073741824
    kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
    kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
    net.core.rmem_default = 262144
    net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
    net.core.wmem_default = 262144
    net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
    net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
    net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
    fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NzU2Njgy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

### 5.限制oracle用户资源使用 ###

**vi /etc/security/limits.conf**

添加如下行

oracle   soft   nofile    1024
    oracle   hard   nofile    65536
    oracle   soft   nproc    16384
    oracle   hard   nproc    16384
    oracle   soft   stack    10240
    oracle   hard   stack    32768
    oracle   hard   memlock    134217728
    oracle   soft   memlock    134217728

### ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NzU2Njgy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][] ###

### 6.安装依赖包 ###

yum install binutils -y
    yum install compat-libcap1 -y
    yum install compat-libstdc++-33 -y
    yum install compat-libstdc++-33.i686 -y
    yum install glibc -y
    yum install glibc.i686 -y
    yum install glibc-devel -y
    yum install glibc-devel.i686 -y
    yum install ksh -y
    yum install libaio -y
    yum install libaio.i686 -y
    yum install libaio-devel -y
    yum install libaio-devel.i686 -y
    yum install libX11 -y
    yum install libX11.i686 -y
    yum install libXau -y
    yum install libXau.i686 -y
    yum install libXi -y
    yum install libXi.i686 -y
    yum install libXtst -y
    yum install libXtst.i686 -y
    yum install libgcc -y
    yum install libgcc.i686 -y
    yum install libstdc++ -y
    yum install libstdc++.i686 -y
    yum install libstdc++-devel -y
    yum install libstdc++-devel.i686 -y
    yum install libxcb -y
    yum install libxcb.i686 -y
    yum install make -y
    yum install nfs-utils -y
    yum install net-tools -y
    yum install smartmontools -y
    yum install sysstat -y
    yum install unixODBC -y
    yum install unixODBC-devel -y

然而我比较苦逼，由于是内网不能用yum，只能缺哪个依赖就手动去下载，附上依赖包离线下载地址

地址1：[https://pkgs.org/][https_pkgs.org]

地址2：[http://www.rpmfind.net/linux/][http_www.rpmfind.net_linux]

### 7.创建新用户和组 ###

**groupadd -g 54321 oinstall  
groupadd -g 54322 dba  
groupadd -g 54323 oper  
useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle**

![20200815130911197.png][]

oinstall组：用于安装数据库

dba组：用于管理数据库

\-g：这个用户的主组

\-G：这个用户的其它组

### 8.为**oracle用户设置密码** ###

**passwd oracle**

![20200815123501631.png][]

### 9.修改SELINUX ###

**vi /etc/selinux/config**

将SELINUX修改为'disabled'，重启服务器。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NzU2Njgy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

如果不想重启，可以使用命令  setenforce 0 转换成宽容模式，设置后用getenforce查看一下SELINUX启用状态

### 10.确保禁用防火墙 ###

如果服务器对安全要求没有那么高的话，直接禁用防火墙：

**systemctl stop firewalld **

**systemctl disabled firewalld**

如果还要考虑安全性，那就手动去防火墙开放1521端口，我这里就直接禁用了。

![20200815124127715.png][]

### 11.创建Oracle安装目录 ###

创建目录，授权所属所组：

**mkdir -p /usr/local/products/oracle12c**

**chown -R oracle:oinstall /usr/local**

**chmod -R 775 /usr/local/**

![20200815124417471.png][]

### 12.配置Oracle环境变量并验证 ###

切换到新添加的oracle用户名下，在oracle用户下配置环境变量：

**su oracle**

**vi ~oracle/.bash\_profile**

export TMP=/tmp
    export TMPDIR=$TMP
    
    export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=liuxiaobai
    export ORACLE_UNQNAME=cdb1
    export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/products
    export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle12c
    export ORACLE_SID=cdb1
    
    export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
    export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
    
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
    export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NzU2Njgy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

使环境变量生效，并检查

**source ~oracle/.bash\_profile**

**echo $ORACLE\_HOME**

![20200815124933192.png][]

### 13.上传解压文件 ###

将下载的linuxx64\_12201\_database.zip上传到Linux系统/home/oracle目录下，并解压，解压完可以看到database目录。

![20200815125039151.png][]

### 14.修改响应文件 ###

**cd database/response/**

**vi db\_install.rsp**

如果想自定义更多数据库安装参数，那么可以选择手动修改响应文件（如果数据库安装参数较少，这一步可以省略，直接用命令行安装，详见15：安装Oracle），以下为响应文件中需要修改的部分

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
    UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
    INVENTORY_LOCATION=/usr/local/products/oracle12c/oraInventory
    ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/products/oracle12c
    ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/products
    oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
    oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba

### 15.安装Oracle ###

**方式1：**如果手动修改过响应文件，用oracle用户cd到database目录下，执行下面命令

**./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion \\**

**-showProgress -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/db\_install.rsp**

**方式2：**如果采取命令行安装，直接在database目录执行以下脚本

./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion \
    -showProgress -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp \
    oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY \
    UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall \
    INVENTORY_LOCATION=/usr/local/products/oracle12c/oraInventory \
    ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/products/oracle12c \
    ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/products \
    oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE \
    oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba \
    oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba \
    oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba \
    oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba \
    oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NzU2Njgy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NzU2Njgy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

### 16.切换回root用户，执行以下脚本 ###

**/usr/local/products/oracle12c/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh**

**/usr/local/products/oracle12c/root.sh**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NzU2Njgy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

执行后切换回oracle用户，登录sqlplus成功，证明数据库安装成功

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NzU2Njgy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

### 17.创建数据库 ###

**方式1：**命令行安装

dbca -silent -createDatabase \
    -templateName /usr/local/products/oracle12c/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc\
    -gdbname cdb1 -sid cdb1 -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp \
    -characterSet AL32UTF8 \
    -sysPassword OraPasswd1 \
    -systemPassword OraPasswd1 \
    -createAsContainerDatabase true \
    -numberOfPDBs 1 \
    -pdbName pdb1 \
    -pdbAdminPassword OraPasswd1 \
    -automaticMemoryManagement false \
    -ignorePreReqs

**方式2****：**修改静默数据库模板，配置自定义参数后安装

**vi /home/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp**

将文件中以下参数进行修改

templateName /usr/local/products/oracle12c/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc 
    gdbname cdb1 
    sid cdb1 
    characterSet AL32UTF8 
    sysPassword Santbbd2020 
    systemPassword Santbbd2020 
    createAsContainerDatabase true 
    numberOfPDBs 1 
    pdbName pdb1 
    pdbAdminPassword Santbbd2020 
    automaticMemoryManagement false

修改后执行脚本：

**dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp -ignorePreReqs**

![2020081512592228.png][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NzU2Njgy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

结束后，切换回root用户修改一下编码，要不登录sqlplus会乱码

**export NLS\_LANG="AMERICAN\_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"**

然后切回oracle用户，登入sqlplus

**sqlplus / as sysdba**

登入后看一下数据库是否创建成功

**select status from v$instance;**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NzU2Njgy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

### 18.配置数据库监听 ###

未配置监听前执行

**lsnrctl status**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NzU2Njgy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

使用默认的netca.rsp文件，执行命令

**netca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NzU2Njgy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

再次执行

**lsnrctl status**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NzU2Njgy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

看到监听实例已经创建，表示监听注册成功。**注：一定要创建出监听实例，否则外部是连接不上的。**

如果监听未生效，可以重新重启一下监听服务

**lsnrctl stop**

**lsnrctl start**

如果未创建出监听实例，需要在listener.ora手动添加数据库实例

SID_LIST_LISTENER =  
    (SID_LIST =  
      (SID_DESC =  
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = cdb1)
      (SID_NAME = cdb1)
      )
    )

### 19.创建命名空间，用户并授权 ###

**create tablespace testspace datafile '/usr/local/products/oradata/testspace.dbf' size 3000m;**

**create user c\#\#product identified by Santbbd2020 default tablespace testspace;**

**grant dba,connect to c\#\#product;**

### **20.外部Navicat测试连接** ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NzU2Njgy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]

21.如果报错ORA-28040：没有匹配的验证协议

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NzU2Njgy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15][]

在oracle 12C服务器端$oracle\_home/network/admin目录下修改文件sqlnet.ora

SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_SERVER=8
    SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_CLIENT=8

![20200815130545206.png][]

之后重新修改一下这个用户的密码就可以连接上了，至此含着泪静默安装Oracle12C结束。

[https_www.oracle.com_database_technologies_oracle-database-software-downloads.html]: https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle-database-software-downloads.html
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[https_pkgs.org]: https://pkgs.org/
[http_www.rpmfind.net_linux]: http://www.rpmfind.net/linux/
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