centos7 oracle12c静默安装

偏执的太偏执、 2022-05-20 03:56 581阅读 0赞

**目录**

1 环境检查

1.1 配置hosts文件

1.2 安装数据库相关系统依赖包

1.3 关闭防火墙和selinux

1.4 修改内核参数

2 部署前准备工作

2.1 建立用户和组

2.2 创建相关目录

2.3 修改文件限制

2.4 修改oracle用户环境变量

3 部署安装

3.1 解压安装包

3.2 配置db\_install.rsp响应模板文件开始静默安装

3.4 配置监听程序

3.5 创建dbca数据库，编辑应答文件

3.6 验证

4 FAQ

4.1  Invalid template file specified

4.2  Automatic Memory Management option is not allowed when the total physical memory is greater than 4GB.

4.3 Specified value of sga\_target 768M is too small

--------------------

前面讲过oracle11g的图像化安装和静默安装，现在我们介绍一下oracle12c的部署，oracle2c和oracle11g的部署方式基本一样，下面我们开始oracle12c的安装

## 1 环境检查 ##

###  1.1配置hosts文件 ###

[root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# vim /etc/hosts
    172.18.1.22 bgsbtsp0006-dqf

### 1.2 安装数据库相关系统依赖包 ###

[root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# yum install -y binutils compat-libstdc++ gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio  libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXext  libXtst libX11 libXau libXi make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

### 1.3 关闭防火墙和selinux ###

临时关闭防火墙
    [root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# systemctl stop firewalld
    
    防火墙开机不启动
    [root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# systemctl disable firewalld
    
    
    临时关闭SELinux
    [root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# setenforce 0
    
    开机关闭SELinux
    编辑/etc/selinux/config文件，将SELINUX的值设置为disabled

### 1.4 修改内核参数 ###

[root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
    fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
    fs.file-max = 6815744
    kernel.shmall = 2097152
    kernel.shmmax = 2009133056
    kernel.shmmni = 4096
    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
    net.core.rmem_default = 262144
    net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
    net.core.wmem_default = 262144
    net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
    
    sysctl -p  #生效

## 2 部署前准备工作 ##

### 2.1 建立用户和组 ###

[root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# groupadd oinstall
    [root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# groupadd dba
    [root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# groupadd oper
    [root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
    [root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# passwd oracle  #输密码

### 2.2 创建相关目录 ###

[root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# mkdir -p /opt/oracle/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1
    [root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# mkdir -p /opt/oracle/oraInventory
    [root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# mkdir -p /opt/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl
    [root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
    [root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# chmod -R 775  /opt/oracle

### 2.3 修改文件限制 ###

[root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
    oracle              soft    nproc   2047
    oracle              hard    nproc   16384
    oracle              soft    nofile  1024
    oracle              hard    nofile  65536
    oracle              soft    stack   10240

### 2.4 修改oracle用户环境变量 ###

[root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# su - oracle
    [oracle@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
    
    #添加以下内容
    
    if [ $USER = "oracle" ];then
     if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then
         ulimit -p 16384
         ulimit -n 65536
     else
         ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
     fi
    fi
    # Oracle Settings
    TMP=/tmp; export TMP
    TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
    ORACLE_HOSTNAME=bgsbtsp0006-dqf; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME
    ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl; export ORACLE_UNQNAME
    ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
    ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
    ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
    PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
    
    # 配置完记得生效 
    [root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

## 3 部署安装 ##

### 3.1 解压安装包     ###

# 解压安装包
    [root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip
    # 将解压后的目录移动到之前我们创建的目录下，并授权
    [root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# mv database /opt/oracle
    # 授权
    [root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
    [root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:opt]# chmod -R 775  /opt/oracle

### 3.2 配置db\_install.rsp响应模板文件开始静默安装 ###

[oracle@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:response]$ sed -n '/^[^#]/p' db_install.rsp 
    oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v12.2.0
    oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES
    oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
    UNIX_GROUP_NAME=dba
    INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/oracle/oraInventory   #这个目录要先创建
    ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1
    ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/oracle
    oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
    oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.rac.configurationType=
    oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
    oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false
    oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=
    oracle.install.db.rac.serverpoolName=
    oracle.install.db.rac.serverpoolCardinality=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=
    oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB=
    oracle.install.db.config.PDBName=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.PDBADMIN=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsHost=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsPort=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminUser=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminPassword=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableRecovery=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
    oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
    oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
    MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
    MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
    SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false
    DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
    PROXY_HOST=
    PROXY_PORT=
    PROXY_USER=
    PROXY_PWD=
    COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=

开始安装

[oracle@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:database]$ ./runInstaller -ignorePrereq  -silent -responseFile /opt/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp 
    Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
    
    Checking Temp space: must be greater than 500 MB.   Actual 119485 MB    Passed
    Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 95953 MB    Passed
    Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2019-05-08_04-49-54PM. Please wait ... 
    [oracle@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:database]$ [WARNING] [INS-32016] The selected Oracle home contains directories or files.
       ACTION: To start with an empty Oracle home, either remove its contents or choose another location.
    You can find the log of this install session at:
     /opt/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2019-05-08_04-49-54PM.log
    The installation of Oracle Database 12c was successful.
    Please check '/opt/oracle/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2019-05-08_04-49-54PM.log' for more details.
    
    As a root user, execute the following script(s):
    	1. /opt/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
    	2. /opt/oracle/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/root.sh
    
    Successfully Setup Software.

按照提示，我们重新打开终端执行上面脚本

[root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:oracle]# sh /opt/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
    Changing permissions of /opt/oracle/oraInventory.
    Adding read,write permissions for group.
    Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
    
    Changing groupname of /opt/oracle/oraInventory to dba.
    The execution of the script is complete.
    [root@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:oracle]# sh /opt/oracle/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/root.sh
    Check /opt/oracle/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/install/root_bgsbtsp0006-dqf_2019-05-08_16-51-44-886134088.log for the output of root script

### 3.4 配置监听程序 ###

查看配置文件内容

[oracle@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:response]$ sed -n '/^[^#]/p' netca.rsp
    
    [GENERAL]
    RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="12.2"
    CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
    [oracle.net.ca]
    INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
    INSTALL_TYPE=""custom""
    LISTENER_NUMBER=1
    LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}
    LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}
    LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
    NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
    NSN_NUMBER=1
    NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}
    NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}
    NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}

启动服务

[oracle@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:response]$ netca /silent /responsefile /opt/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp 
    
    Parsing command line arguments:
        Parameter "silent" = true
        Parameter "responsefile" = /opt/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp
    Done parsing command line arguments.
    Oracle Net Services Configuration:
    Configuring Listener:LISTENER
    Listener configuration complete.
    Oracle Net Listener Startup:
        Running Listener Control: 
          /opt/oracle/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
        Listener Control complete.
        Listener started successfully.
    Profile configuration complete.
    Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

### 3.5 创建dbca数据库，编辑应答文件 ###

查看配置文件内容

[oracle@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:response]$ sed -n '/^[^#]/p' dbca.rsp 
    responseFileVersion=/oracle/assistants/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v12.2.0
    gdbName=orcl
    sid=orcl
    databaseConfigType=SI
    RACOneNodeServiceName=
    policyManaged=
    createServerPool=
    serverPoolName=
    cardinality=
    force=
    pqPoolName=
    pqCardinality=
    createAsContainerDatabase=true
    numberOfPDBs=1
    pdbName=pdb1
    useLocalUndoForPDBs=TRUE
    pdbAdminPassword=oracle123
    nodelist=
    templateName=General_Purpose.dbc
    sysPassword=oracle123
    systemPassword=oracle123
    oracleHomeUserPassword=oracle123
    emConfiguration=
    emExpressPort=5500
    runCVUChecks=
    dbsnmpPassword=
    omsHost=
    omsPort=
    emUser=
    emPassword=
    dvConfiguration=
    dvUserName=
    dvUserPassword=
    dvAccountManagerName=
    dvAccountManagerPassword=
    olsConfiguration=
    datafileJarLocation=
    datafileDestination=/opt/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl   #要先创建改目录
    recoveryAreaDestination=
    storageType=
    diskGroupName=
    asmsnmpPassword=
    recoveryGroupName=
    characterSet=AL32UTF8
    nationalCharacterSet=AL16UTF16
    registerWithDirService=
    dirServiceUserName=
    dirServicePassword=
    walletPassword=
    listeners=
    variablesFile=
    variables=
    initParams=
    sampleSchema=
    memoryPercentage=
    databaseType=MULTIPURPOSE
    automaticMemoryManagement=FALSE
    totalMemory=4096   #根据实际情况定义

启动服务，进行安装，安装时间较长请耐心等待

[oracle@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:response]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /opt/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp -sysPassword oracle123 -systemPassword oracle123
    [WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYS' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
       CAUSE: 
    a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
    b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
       ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
    [WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYSTEM' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
       CAUSE: 
    a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
    b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
       ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
    [WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'PDBADMIN' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
       CAUSE: 
    a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
    b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
       ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
    Copying database files
    1% complete
    13% complete
    25% complete
    Creating and starting Oracle instance
    26% complete
    30% complete
    31% complete
    35% complete
    38% complete
    39% complete
    41% complete
    Completing Database Creation
    42% complete
    43% complete
    44% complete
    46% complete
    49% complete
    50% complete
    Creating Pluggable Databases
    55% complete
    75% complete
    Executing Post Configuration Actions
    100% complete
    Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl1.log" for further details.

### 3.6 验证  ###

[oracle@bgsbtsp0006-dqf:response]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
    
    SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed May 8 21:23:11 2019
    
    Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    
    
    Connected to:
    Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
    
    SQL> select name from v$database ;
    
    NAME
    ---------
    ORCL

## 4 FAQ ##

### 4.1  Invalid template file specified ###

dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /opt/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp -sysPassword oracle123 -systemPassword oracle123
    [FATAL] [DBT-10503] Invalid template file specified.

解决方案：

dbca.rsp配置文件中templateName=General_Purpose.dbc

### 4.2  Automatic Memory Management option is not allowed when the total physical memory is greater than 4GB. ###

[FATAL] [DBT-11211] The Automatic Memory Management option is not allowed when the total physical memory is greater than 4GB.
       CAUSE: The current total physical memory is 62GB.

解决方案：

dbca.rsp配置文件中改值设置为false
    automaticMemoryManagement=FALSE

### 4.3 Specified value of sga\_target 768M is too small ###

ORA-00821: Specified value of sga_target 768M is too small, needs to be at least 1900M
    ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

解决方案：

dbca.rsp配置文件中设定totalMemory的值
    totalMemory=4096   #根据实际情况定义