网络编程难题：Java HTTP客户端和服务器端交互案例

原创痛定思痛。 2024-12-08 06:15 19阅读 0赞

在Java中，实现HTTP客户端和服务器端的交互涉及到Socket编程和HttpURLConnection等技术。以下是一个简单的例子，展示如何创建一个HTTP客户端向服务器发送GET请求。

客户端（使用Java的HttpURLConnection）：

```java
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;

public class HttpClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 创建HTTPS连接
        HttpsURLConnection httpsConn = (HttpsURLConnection) 
                new URL("https://example.com").openConnection();

// 设置请求方法为GET
        httpsConn.setRequestMethod("GET");

// 获取并打印响应
        int responseCode = httpsConn.getResponseCode();
        System.out.println("Response Code : " + responseCode);
        
        BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(httpsConn.getInputStream()))); 
        String inputLine;
        StringBuffer content = new StringBuffer();

while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null)) {
            content.append(inputLine);
        }
        in.close();

System.out.println("Response Body : " + content.toString());
    }
}
```

服务器端（使用Java的HttpServer）：

```java
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class HttpServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // 创建服务器监听端口
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8000);

System.out.println("Http Server is running on port 8000...");

// 等待客户端连接
        Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();
        
        System.out.println("Received connection from " + clientSocket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());

// 客户端发送请求，这里以GET为例
        BufferedReader inFromClientSocket = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()))); 
        String inputLine;
        StringBuffer content = new StringBuffer();

while ((inputLine = inFromClientSocket.readLine()) != null)) {
            content.append(inputLine);
        }
        
        // 向客户端发送响应
        clientSocket.getOutputStream().write(content.toString());
        clientSocket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}
```

这个例子中，客户端使用Java的HttpURLConnection向服务器发送GET请求。服务器端创建一个HttpServer实例监听8000端口，当接收到客户端请求时，返回响应内容。