使用Java进行网络编程：Socket和HTTP实例

原创本是古典何须时尚 2024-10-24 05:33 23阅读 0赞

在网络编程中，`Socket`是Java中处理TCP连接的API，而HTTP（超文本传输协议）则是一种用于分布式、协作式环境下的应用层通信协议。

以下是一个简单的Socket客户端示例，以及一个基于Apache HttpClient的HTTP客户端示例：

**Socket客户端示例：**

```java
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.Socket;

public class SocketClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 1234))) {
            System.out.println("Connected to the server.");
            
            // Send data
            byte[] message = "Hello from client!".getBytes();
            socket.getOutputStream().write(message);
            
            // Receive data
            byte[] receivedMessage = new byte[1024];
            socket.getInputStream().read(receivedMessage));
            
            System.out.println("Received message: " + new String(receivedMessage)));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("Failed to connect to the server.");
        }
    }
}
```

**HTTP客户端示例：**

```java
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;

public class HttpClientClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // Create a http client
            HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();

// Execute HTTP GET request
            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:1234");
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

// Check the response status code (200 for success)
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
                System.out.println("Received message from server:");
                // Read and print the response body
                String responseBody = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
                System.out.println(responseBody);
            } else {
                System.out.println("Failed to retrieve data from server. Status code: " + response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("Failed to connect to the server.");
        }
    }
}
```

注意：在生产环境中，你需要处理可能的异常，并且HTTP客户端示例中的URL需要根据实际服务器地址进行修改。