异常处理：如何在Java中优雅捕获异常

原创痛定思痛。 2024-09-25 02:51 86阅读 0赞

在Java中，优雅地捕获异常通常会遵循以下几种方式：

1. 使用`try-catch`块：
```java
public void someMethod() {
    try {
        // 代码可能会抛出异常的部分
        int divisionByZero = 5 / 0;
        System.out.println("Division performed successfully!"); // 不会被执行

} catch (ArithmeticException e) { // 捕获除零错误
        System.out.println("Error occurred during division: " + e.getMessage());
    }
}
```

2. 使用`throws`关键字声明可能抛出的异常：
```java
public void someMethod() throws ArithmeticException {
    int divisionByZero = 5 / 0;
    // ...
}
```
3. 使用高阶函数或lambda表达式，它们内部通常会处理异常：

```java
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;

public class ExceptionHandlingExample {
    public String calculateSum(int a, int b) throws ArithmeticException {
        return new Callable<String>() {
            @Override
            public String call() throws Exception {
                int sum = a + b;
                if (sum < 0) { // 检查是否超出范围，这里假设了范围是[0, ∞)}
                    throw new ArithmeticException("Sum is less than zero.");
                }
                return "Sum calculated successfully: " + sum;
            }
        }.call();
    }

public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExceptionHandlingExample example = new ExceptionHandlingExample();
        try {
            String sum = example.calculateSum(5, 0);
            System.out.println(sum);
        } catch (ArithmeticException e) {
            System.out.println("Error occurred during calculation: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}
```

通过以上几种方式，你可以在Java中优雅地捕获并处理异常。