Docker从入门到上天系列第三篇：Docker的安装

我就是我 2024-05-24 12:54 79阅读 0赞

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## 一：docker的安装 ##

docker官方提供了很简单的安装步骤，适用于所有的平台。当前docker引擎支持主流操作系统。

### 1：docker在linux上安装 ###

docker在linux安装可以适用于多中linux系统，我们以CentOS举例，必须在CentOS7.x之后的版本才行。

这个是标准安装方案，很繁琐，学习过程咱们省略~

### 2：linux下bash通用安装 ###

在测试或开发环境中 Docker官方为了简化安装流程，提供了一套便捷的安装脚本，CentOS系统上可以使用这套脚本安装，另外可以通过--mirror 选项使用国内源进行安装:执行这个命令后，脚本就会自动的将一切准备工作做好，并且把 Docker 的稳定(stable)版本安装在系统中。

**下载docker引擎**

curl -fsSL get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh   -- 获取docker提供的脚本文件
    sudo sh get-docker.sh --mirror Aliyun        -- 使用阿里云镜像下载安装
    安装完毕之后会在系统中自动形成docker服务，后边需要我们启动

**启动docker**

sudo systemctl enable docker
     sudo systemctl start docker

**查看docker启动状态**

systemctl status docker -- docker开机自启动
     docker info

**创建docker用户组 并使用root用户**

sudo groupadd docker  -- 创建一个docker组

docker引擎分为客户端和服务端是一个cs架构。 客户端是让我们写命令用的，服务端是执行这些命令的。

我们每次都得使用docker，最好配置docker开机自启动。

**将当前用户加入docker组**

默认情况下， docker 命令会使用 Unix socket与 Docker引擎通讯。而只有 root 用户和 docker 组的用户才可以访问 Docker 引擎的 Unix socket，出于安全考虑，一般 Linux 系统上不会直接使用 root 用户因此，更好地做法是将需要使用 docker的用户加入 docker用户组。

sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

**测试docker安装是否正确**

docker run hello-world

完整的安装日志：

[root@bogon ~]# curl -fsSL get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
    [root@bogon ~]# sudo sh get-docker.sh --mirror Aliyun
    ^[[3~# Executing docker install script, commit: e5543d473431b782227f8908005543bb4389b8de
    + sh -c 'yum install -y -q yum-utils'
    警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_9.6.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
    libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_9.6.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
    python-chardet-2.2.1-3.el7.noarch.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
    导入 GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
     用户ID     : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
     指纹       : 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
     软件包     : centos-release-7-9.2009.1.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda)
     来自       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
    + sh -c 'yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo'
    已加载插件：fastestmirror
    adding repo from: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
    grabbing file https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
    repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
    + '[' stable '!=' stable ']'
    + sh -c 'yum makecache'
    已加载插件：fastestmirror
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
     * base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
     * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
     * updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
    base                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
    docker-ce-stable                                                                                                                                                                                                            | 3.5 kB  00:00:00     
    extras                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
    updates                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
    (1/10): base/7/x86_64/other_db                                                                                                                                                                                              | 2.6 MB  00:00:01     
    (2/10): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                                                                                                                          | 7.2 MB  00:00:01     
    (3/10): docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                                                                                                                                |   55 B  00:00:01     
    (4/10): docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                                                                                                              |  58 kB  00:00:01     
    (5/10): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                                                                                                                        | 303 kB  00:00:00     
    (6/10): docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                | 133 kB  00:00:00     
    (7/10): docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64/other_db                                                                                                                                                                                  | 142 kB  00:00:00     
    (8/10): extras/7/x86_64/other_db                                                                                                                                                                                            | 150 kB  00:00:00     
    (9/10): updates/7/x86_64/other_db                                                                                                                                                                                           | 1.5 MB  00:00:00     
    (10/10): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                                                                                                                      |  14 MB  00:00:00     
    元数据缓存已建立
    + sh -c 'yum install -y -q docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin docker-ce-rootless-extras docker-buildx-plugin'
    warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/docker-ce-stable/packages/docker-buildx-plugin-0.12.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID 621e9f35: NOKEY
    docker-buildx-plugin-0.12.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
    导入 GPG key 0x621E9F35:
     用户ID     : "Docker Release (CE rpm) <docker@docker.com>"
     指纹       : 060a 61c5 1b55 8a7f 742b 77aa c52f eb6b 621e 9f35
     来自       : https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
    
    ================================================================================
    
    To run Docker as a non-privileged user, consider setting up the
    Docker daemon in rootless mode for your user:
    
        dockerd-rootless-setuptool.sh install
    
    Visit https://docs.docker.com/go/rootless/ to learn about rootless mode.
    
    
    To run the Docker daemon as a fully privileged service, but granting non-root
    users access, refer to https://docs.docker.com/go/daemon-access/
    
    WARNING: Access to the remote API on a privileged Docker daemon is equivalent
             to root access on the host. Refer to the 'Docker daemon attack surface'
             documentation for details: https://docs.docker.com/go/attack-surface/
    
    ================================================================================
    
    [root@bogon ~]#  sudo systemctl enable docker
    Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
    [root@bogon ~]#  sudo systemctl start docker
    [root@bogon ~]# systemctl status docker
    ● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: active (running) since 二 2024-02-20 22:59:12 CST; 1min 18s ago
         Docs: https://docs.docker.com
     Main PID: 8626 (dockerd)
        Tasks: 7
       Memory: 28.7M
       CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
               └─8626 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
    
    2月 20 22:59:10 bogon systemd[1]: Starting Docker Application Container Engine...
    2月 20 22:59:10 bogon dockerd[8626]: time="2024-02-20T22:59:10.547938264+08:00" level=info msg="Starting up"
    2月 20 22:59:10 bogon dockerd[8626]: time="2024-02-20T22:59:10.652302176+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
    2月 20 22:59:12 bogon dockerd[8626]: time="2024-02-20T22:59:12.182692308+08:00" level=info msg="Firewalld: interface docker0 already part of docker zone, returning"
    2月 20 22:59:12 bogon dockerd[8626]: time="2024-02-20T22:59:12.468814628+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
    2月 20 22:59:12 bogon dockerd[8626]: time="2024-02-20T22:59:12.499861907+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=f417435 containerd-snapshotter=false storage-driver=overlay2 version=25.0.3
    2月 20 22:59:12 bogon dockerd[8626]: time="2024-02-20T22:59:12.500056497+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
    2月 20 22:59:12 bogon systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
    2月 20 22:59:12 bogon dockerd[8626]: time="2024-02-20T22:59:12.581958532+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on /run/docker.sock"
    [root@bogon ~]# docker info
    Client: Docker Engine - Community
     Version:    25.0.3
     Context:    default
     Debug Mode: false
     Plugins:
      buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc.)
        Version:  v0.12.1
        Path:     /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
      compose: Docker Compose (Docker Inc.)
        Version:  v2.24.5
        Path:     /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose
    
    Server:
     Containers: 0
      Running: 0
      Paused: 0
      Stopped: 0
     Images: 0
     Server Version: 25.0.3
     Storage Driver: overlay2
      Backing Filesystem: xfs
      Supports d_type: true
      Using metacopy: false
      Native Overlay Diff: true
      userxattr: false
     Logging Driver: json-file
     Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
     Cgroup Version: 1
     Plugins:
      Volume: local
      Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
      Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local splunk syslog
     Swarm: inactive
     Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 runc
     Default Runtime: runc
     Init Binary: docker-init
     containerd version: ae07eda36dd25f8a1b98dfbf587313b99c0190bb
     runc version: v1.1.12-0-g51d5e94
     init version: de40ad0
     Security Options:
      seccomp
       Profile: builtin
     Kernel Version: 3.10.0-1160.71.1.el7.x86_64
     Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
     OSType: linux
     Architecture: x86_64
     CPUs: 1
     Total Memory: 3.682GiB
     Name: bogon
     ID: d3b83ad2-cc8d-46a9-b971-15480fa5a2a1
     Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
     Debug Mode: false
     Experimental: false
     Insecure Registries:
      127.0.0.0/8
     Live Restore Enabled: false
    
    [root@bogon ~]# 
    [root@bogon ~]# sudo groupadd docker
    [root@bogon ~]# sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
    [root@bogon ~]#