测试用例应仅包含相关细节

雨点打透心脏的1/2处 2024-05-23 18:41 23阅读 0赞

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下面的代码中有什么问题使得这个测试用例难以理解？

def test_get_balance(self):
    
      settings = BankSettings(FDIC_INSURED, REGULATED, US_BASED)
    
      account = Account(settings, ID, BALANCE, ADDRESS, NAME, EMAIL, PHONE)
    
      self.assertEqual(account.GetBalance(), BALANCE)

问题在于，账户创建的代码中存在很多杂乱信息，很难分辨哪些细节与断言语句相关。

但是，从一个极端到另一个极端也会使得测试难以理解：

def test_get_balance(self):
    
      account = _create_account()
    
      self.assertEqual(account.GetBalance(), BALANCE)

这里的问题是，\_create\_account() 辅助函数中隐藏了关键细节，因此不清楚 BALANCE 字段来自何处。要理解这个测试用例，就需要切换上下文，深入研究辅助函数。

一个好的测试用例应该只包含与用例相关的细节，同时隐藏杂乱信息：

def test_get_balance():
    
      account = _create_account(BALANCE)
    
      self.assertEqual(account.GetBalance(), BALANCE)

通过这样的优化，测试的数据流动将更加清晰可见。例如：

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