使用HttpServletRequest或RequestContextHolder或@RequestHeader获取http请求头信息

缺乏、安全感 2024-04-23 02:54 74阅读 0赞

**记录**：392

**场景**：在微服务中获取http请求头信息方式，可以在代码中注入HttpServletRequest；可以使用Spring的RequestContextHolder，可以使用@RequestHeader注解。

**版本**：JDK 1.8,SpringBoot 2.6.3,springCloud 2021.0.1

**1.使用HttpServletRequest获取请求头信息**

**1.1在微服务的Controller层获取请求头**

本质就是使用注解@Autowired注入HttpServletRequest接口的实现对象。

@RestController
    @RequestMapping("/hub/example/city")
    @RefreshScope
    @Slf4j
    public class CityController {
      // 注入HttpServletRequest
      @Autowired
      private HttpServletRequest request;
      @PostMapping("/queryCityByCityId")
      public ResultObj<CityDTO> queryCityByCityId(String cityId) {
        // 从请求头取信息
        log.info("cityCode = " + request.getHeader("cityCode"));
        return ResultObj.data(200, new CityDTO(), "执行成功");
      }
    }

**1.2在微服务的其它类获取请求头**

在微服务Service、Dao、或者其它类中，只要有@RestController、@Controller、@Service、@Component、@Repository等注解的类中，都可以注入HttpServletRequest方式获取请求头信息。

**2.使用RequestContextHolder获取请求头信息**

**2.1关于RequestContextHolder**

org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder，是Spring获取请求上下文工具类。此类提供的静态方法可以获取请求头信息。

**2.2使用RequestContextHolder**

RequestAttributes reqAttributes = RequestContextHolder.currentRequestAttributes();
    HttpServletRequest request = ((ServletRequestAttributes) reqAttributes).getRequest();
    String cityCode = request.getHeader("cityCode");

**2.2使用场景**

在任何Spring加载的类中均可以使用此类。

**3.使用RequestContextHolder获取请求头信息**

**3.1关于@RequestHeader**

org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestHeader，spring注解。

**3.2使用@RequestHeader**

RestController
    @RequestMapping("/hub/example/city")
    @RefreshScope
    @Slf4j
    public class CityController {
      @PostMapping("/queryCityByCityId")
      public ResultObj<CityDTO> queryCityByCityId(@RequestParam("cityId") String cityId, @RequestHeader String cityNo) {
        log.info("cityNo = " + cityNo);
        return ResultObj.data(200, new Date(), "执行成功");
      }
    }

**3.3使用@RequestHeader时，OpenFeign接口需适当调整**

使用@RequestHeader注解看上去很方便，一个注解解决。

但是，使用@RequestHeader时，OpenFeign接口需适当调整。

比如：

@FeignClient(contextId = "cityFeignService",
            value = "hub-example-301-nacos",
            fallbackFactory = CityFeignServiceFallbackFactory.class,
            configuration = {FeignConfiguration.class})
    public interface CityFeignService {
      @PostMapping("/hub-301-nacos/hub/example/city/queryCityByCityId")
      ResultObj<CityDTO> queryCityByCityId(@RequestParam("cityId")String cityId);
    }

**4.关于Spring的HttpHeaders请求头对象**

**4.1HttpHeaders定义的属性**

全称：org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders。

public static final String ACCEPT = "Accept";
    public static final String ACCEPT_CHARSET = "Accept-Charset";
    public static final String ACCEPT_ENCODING = "Accept-Encoding";
    public static final String ACCEPT_LANGUAGE = "Accept-Language";
    public static final String ACCEPT_PATCH = "Accept-Patch";
    public static final String ACCEPT_RANGES = "Accept-Ranges";
    public static final String ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS = "Access-Control-Allow-Credentials";
    public static final String ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_HEADERS = "Access-Control-Allow-Headers";
    public static final String ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_METHODS = "Access-Control-Allow-Methods";
    public static final String ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_ORIGIN = "Access-Control-Allow-Origin";
    public static final String ACCESS_CONTROL_EXPOSE_HEADERS = "Access-Control-Expose-Headers";
    public static final String ACCESS_CONTROL_MAX_AGE = "Access-Control-Max-Age";
    public static final String ACCESS_CONTROL_REQUEST_HEADERS = "Access-Control-Request-Headers";
    public static final String ACCESS_CONTROL_REQUEST_METHOD = "Access-Control-Request-Method";
    public static final String AGE = "Age";
    public static final String ALLOW = "Allow";
    public static final String AUTHORIZATION = "Authorization";
    public static final String CACHE_CONTROL = "Cache-Control";
    public static final String CONNECTION = "Connection";
    public static final String CONTENT_ENCODING = "Content-Encoding";
    public static final String CONTENT_DISPOSITION = "Content-Disposition";
    public static final String CONTENT_LANGUAGE = "Content-Language";
    public static final String CONTENT_LENGTH = "Content-Length";
    public static final String CONTENT_LOCATION = "Content-Location";
    public static final String CONTENT_RANGE = "Content-Range";
    public static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "Content-Type";
    public static final String COOKIE = "Cookie";
    public static final String DATE = "Date";
    public static final String ETAG = "ETag";
    public static final String EXPECT = "Expect";
    public static final String EXPIRES = "Expires";
    public static final String FROM = "From";
    public static final String HOST = "Host";
    public static final String IF_MATCH = "If-Match";
    public static final String IF_MODIFIED_SINCE = "If-Modified-Since";
    public static final String IF_NONE_MATCH = "If-None-Match";
    public static final String IF_RANGE = "If-Range";
    public static final String IF_UNMODIFIED_SINCE = "If-Unmodified-Since";
    public static final String LAST_MODIFIED = "Last-Modified";
    public static final String LINK = "Link";
    public static final String LOCATION = "Location";
    public static final String MAX_FORWARDS = "Max-Forwards";
    public static final String ORIGIN = "Origin";
    public static final String PRAGMA = "Pragma";
    public static final String PROXY_AUTHENTICATE = "Proxy-Authenticate";
    public static final String PROXY_AUTHORIZATION = "Proxy-Authorization";
    public static final String RANGE = "Range";
    public static final String REFERER = "Referer";
    public static final String RETRY_AFTER = "Retry-After";
    public static final String SERVER = "Server";
    public static final String SET_COOKIE = "Set-Cookie";
    public static final String SET_COOKIE2 = "Set-Cookie2";
    public static final String TE = "TE";
    public static final String TRAILER = "Trailer";
    public static final String TRANSFER_ENCODING = "Transfer-Encoding";
    public static final String UPGRADE = "Upgrade";
    public static final String USER_AGENT = "User-Agent";
    public static final String VARY = "Vary";
    public static final String VIA = "Via";
    public static final String WARNING = "Warning";
    public static final String WWW_AUTHENTICATE = "WWW-Authenticate";
    public static final HttpHeaders EMPTY = new ReadOnlyHttpHeaders(new LinkedMultiValueMap());
    private static final Pattern ETAG_HEADER_VALUE_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("\\*|\\s*((W\\/)?(\"[^\"]*\"))\\s*,?");
    private static final DecimalFormatSymbols DECIMAL_FORMAT_SYMBOLS;
    private static final ZoneId GMT;
    private static final DateTimeFormatter DATE_FORMATTER;
    private static final DateTimeFormatter[] DATE_PARSERS;
    final MultiValueMap<String, String> headers;

4.2HttpMethod定义的enum属性

全称：org.springframework.http.HttpMethod。

public enum HttpMethod {
      GET,
      HEAD,
      POST,
      PUT,
      PATCH,
      DELETE,
      OPTIONS,
      TRACE;
    }

以上，感谢。

2023年3月24日