Lesson 20 Pioneer pilots 内容鉴赏

浅浅的花香味﹌ 2024-04-19 12:11 27阅读 0赞

Lesson 20 Pioneer pilots

问题部分:

①What **was** the name of the plane to fly across the English Channel?

v.s.

②What **is** the name of the plane to fly across the English Channel?

①句中用was而②句中用is, 它们的区别是这样的: ①: 因为文章讲述的故事是过去的事情, 所以统一时态为过去时; ②: 将文章讲述的故事当作史实看待, 所以用一般现在时(当作史实看待也可以用过去时).

①What was the name of the plane to fly across the English Channel?

②What was the name of the plane which had flown across the English Channel?

比较上述两句话, 我们会发现, ①句中用不定时 to fly across the English Channel 作 the plane 的定语, 而②句中用定于从句 which had flown across the English Channel 修饰 the plane ——那么问题来了, 这两种表达方式有何区别呢?

从小学开始我们就接触到"不定式", 那么不定式究竟是什么呢: "不定式"指的是后面的动作不确定在何时发生. 有了不定式的概念, 我们来看一下 to fly across the English Channel 这里, 由于我们不确定这架飞机是何时飞过英吉利海峡的, 这正好吻合"不定式"的概念. 对此的理解, 可理解为"飞过英吉利海峡的飞机": 显然, 这种表述方式对于时间的表达是较为模糊的.

我们再看一下②句, 其中用过去完成时描述飞机飞越英吉利海峡: 由于飞机已经飞越过英吉利海峡, 且这一动作发生在一过去时间节点(作者提问这架飞机的名字)之前, 所以用过去完成时可以较清晰地体现"飞机飞越英吉利海峡"和"作者提问这架飞机的名字"两动作的时间顺序.

综上所述, 在写好主句后, 对于从句的时态来说, 要根据主句的时态进行选择. 用主句-从句结构对一事物进行表达时, 较用不定式直接描述, 能更清晰地确定主句动作和从句动作发生时间的先后顺序.

正文部分:

1. In 1908, **Lord** Northcliffe offered a **prize** of 1,000 pounds to the first man **who would fly across the English Channel**.

Lord 对(英国)贵族的尊称, 勋爵, prize n.奖品 adj. 珍贵的, 宝贵的.

紫色标记的部分为修饰the first man的定语从句, 在定语从句中, 用would表明时态为过去将来时——这是因为主句时态为一般过去时, 而fly across the English Channel这个动作位于offered a prize of 1,000 pounds之后, 所以定语从句的时态应为过去将来时.

译: 1908年, 勋爵诺斯克利夫拿出1000英镑, 作为对第一个飞越英吉利海峡的人的奖励.

2. Over a year passed before **the first attempt** was made.

the first attempt 特指飞越英吉利海峡的尝试, 对应上一句 the first man who would fly across the English Channel.

译: 一年多过去了, 才有人出来尝试.

3. On July 19th, 1909, **in the early morning**, Hubert Latham **took off from the French coast** in his plane ‘the Antoinette Ⅳ’.

in the early moring 在清晨.

take off from the French coast 从法国海岸起飞.

译: 1909年7月19日清晨, 休伯特·莱瑟姆驾驶他的飞机"安特瓦奈特4号"从法国海岸起飞.

4. He **had** travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his **engine failed** and he **was forced to** land on the sea.

engine failed 引擎发生故障

be forced to 被迫......

had travelled only seven miles 这里使用过去完成时, 是因为这个动作相对于 his engine failed 和 he was forced to land on the sea 来说都要往前, 即过去的过去, 所以使用过去完成时.

译: 他在海峡上空飞行了仅仅7英里, 引擎就发生了故障, 他只好降落在海面上.

5. The Antoinette **floated on the water** until **Latham was picked up by a ship**.

float on the water 在水面上漂浮.

Latham was picked up by a ship 莱瑟姆被经过的船只救起.

译: 安特瓦特号飞机在海面上漂浮, 直到莱瑟姆被经过的一艘船只救起为止.

6. Two days later, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called ‘No. XI’.

译:两天后, 路易斯·布莱里奥驾驶一艘名为"11号"的飞机抵达加来附近.

7. Bleriot **had been making planes** since 1905 and this was his **latest model**.

latest model 最新的型号

had been making planes 为过去完成进行时, 目的是强调make plane这一过程.

译: 布莱里奥从1905年起便开始研制飞机, "11号"飞机是他研制的最新型号.

8. A week before, he had **completed a successful overland** flight **during which he covered 26 miles**.

complete a successful overland 完成了一次陆上飞行.

注意英国人的思维方式, 其实在某种程度上看, 和我们的思维方式相差不大. 比如在这句话中, 英国人的表达过程是 一周前 -> 他成功地完成了一次陆上飞行 -> 在这次飞行中 -> 他飞了26英里. 虽然翻译成中文后看起来较简单, 但要注意翻译过程中的词性、时态等问题.

译: 一周前, 他曾成功地完成了一次26英里的陆上飞行.

9. Latham, however, did not **give up** easily. He, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a new ‘Antoinette’.

give up 放弃.

译: 然而, 莱瑟姆并不像轻易放弃. 同一天, 他也驾驶着一架新的"安特瓦特号"飞机来到加来附近.

10. It looked **as if** there **would be** an exciting race across the Channel.

as if 引导表语从句, 作为look的表语.

as if 后常用虚拟语气: 谓语动词用 would/could/might + 动词原形 表与将来事实相反.

这里有两种理解方式:

①would 与 looked 在时态上保持一致, as if 引导的从句为普通的表语从句.

②as if 引导的从句的语气为虚拟语气(在形式上和①一致).

在此, 书中的解释为②, 本意为对过去将来情况的虚拟.

译: 看起来, 在英吉利海峡上空会有一场激动人心的飞行比赛.

11. Both planes **were going to** take off on July 25th, but Latham **failed to get up early enough**.

be going to do 表有计划的未来.

fail to get up early enough 起床晚了.

译: 两架飞机都打算在7月25日起飞, 但莱瑟姆那天起晚了.

12. After **making a short test flight** at 4.15 a.m., Bleriot **set off** half an hour later.

make a short test flight 做了一次短距离试飞.

set off 出发(这里指飞行).

译: 凌晨4点15分, 布莱里奥做了一次短距离试飞, 半小时后(正式)出发了.

13. His **great flight** lasted thirty-seven minutes. When he landed near Dover, the first person to greet him was **a local policeman**.

great flight 伟大的飞行.

a local policeman 一位当地的警察.

他这次伟大的飞行持续了37分钟. 当他在多佛附近着陆后, 第一个迎接他的是一位当地的警察.

14. Latham made another attempt a week later and **got within half a mile of Dover**, but he was unlucky again.

get within half a mile of Dover 到达离多佛不到半英里的地方.

译: 一周后, 莱瑟姆也做了一次尝试, 并到达离多佛不足半英里的地方, 但这次他又遭厄运.

15. His engine failed and he **landed on the sea** for the second time.

landed on the sea 在海面上降落.

他飞机的引擎出现了故障, 只好第二次降落在海面上了.

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