RabbitMQ的6种工作模式

忘是亡心i 2024-04-18 02:37 77阅读 0赞

# 1.RabbitMq #

## 1.1介绍 ##

RabbitMQ是一个消息代理：它接受并转发消息。你可以把它当成一个邮局：当你想邮寄信件的时候，你会把信件放在投递箱中，并确信邮递员最终会将信件送到收件人的手里。在这个例子中，RabbitMQ就相当与投递箱、邮局和邮递员。

AMQP协议中的核心思想就是生产者和消费者隔离，生产者从不直接将消息发送给队列。生产者通常不知道是否一个消息会被发送到队列中，只是将消息发送到一个交换机。先由Exchange来接收，然后Exchange按照特定的策略转发到Queue进行存储。同理，消费者也是如此。Exchange 就类似于一个交换机，转发各个消息分发到相应的队列中。

## 1.2六种工作模式 ##

官网介绍：https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html

这里简单介绍下六种工作模式的主要特点：

简单模式：一个生产者，一个消费者

work模式：一个生产者，多个消费者，每个消费者获取到的消息唯一。

订阅模式：一个生产者发送的消息会被多个消费者获取。

路由模式：发送消息到交换机并且要指定路由key ，消费者将队列绑定到交换机时需要指定路由key

topic模式：将路由键和某模式进行匹配，此时队列需要绑定在一个模式上，“\#”匹配一个词或多个词，“\*”只匹配一个词。

### 1.2.0 ###

准备：安装rabbitmq，并启动

![70][]

引入pom文件：

<dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
     
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
                <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
                <version>3.4.1</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
                <version>1.7.7</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
                <version>3.3.2</version>
            </dependency>
     
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
                <version>1.4.0.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>

编写连接工具类：

package com.sakura.util;
     
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
     
    import java.io.IOException;
     
    /**
     * Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
     */
    public class ConnectionUtil {
        public static Connection getConnection() throws IOException {
            //连接工厂
            ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
            factory.setHost("localhost");
            //连接5672端口  注意15672为工具界面端口  25672为集群端口
            factory.setPort(5672);
            factory.setVirtualHost("/jxd");
            factory.setUsername("jxd");
            factory.setPassword("123");
            //获取连接
            Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
     
            return connection;
     
        }
    }

这里说一下配置虚拟主机和用户名密码

为什么会有虚拟主机：

当我们在创建用户时，会指定用户能访问一个虚拟机，并且该用户只能访问该虚拟机下的队列和交换机，如果没有指定，默认的是”/”;一个rabbitmq服务器上可以运行多个vhost，以便于适用不同的业务需要，这样做既可以满足权限配置的要求，也可以避免不同业务之间队列、交换机的命名冲突问题，因为不同vhost之间是隔离的。

![70 1][]

![70 2][]

设置权限：

![70 3][]

### 1.2.1简单模式 ###

生产者：

package com.sakura.simple;
     
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
    import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
     
    import java.io.IOException;
     
    /**
     * Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
     */
    public class Sender {
        private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "simple_queue";
     
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
            //创建连接
            Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
            //创建通道
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            //声明队列
            /**
             * 队列名
             * 是否持久化
             *  是否排外  即只允许该channel访问该队列   一般等于true的话用于一个队列只能有一个消费者来消费的场景
             *  是否自动删除  消费完删除
             *  其他属性
             *
             */
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
     
            //消息内容
            /**
             * 交换机
             * 队列名
             * 其他属性  路由
             * 消息body
             */
            String message = "错的不是我，是这个世界~";
            channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME,null,message.getBytes());
            System.out.println("[x]Sent '"+message + "'");
     
            //最后关闭通关和连接
            channel.close();
            connection.close();
     
     
        }
    }

消费者：

package com.sakura.simple;
     
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
    import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
     
    import java.io.IOException;
     
    /**
     * Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
     */
    public class Receiver {
        private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "simple_queue";
     
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
            //获取连接
            Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
            //获取通道
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
     
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
            QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
            channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
     
            while(true){
                //该方法会阻塞
                QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
                String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
                System.out.println("[x] Received '"+message+"'");
     
            }
        }
    }

### ![70 4][] ###

![70 5][]

### 1.2.2work模式 ###

生产者：

package com.sakura.work;
     
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
    import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
     
    import java.io.IOException;
     
    /**
     * Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
     */
    public class Sender {
        private final  static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";
     
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
            Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
     
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
            for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++){
                String message = "冬马小三" + i;
                channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());
                System.out.println("[x] Sent '"+message + "'");
                Thread.sleep(i*10);
            }
     
            channel.close();
            connection.close();
        }
    }

消费者：

package com.sakura.work;
     
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
    import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
     
    import java.io.IOException;
     
    /**
     * Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
     */
    public class Receiver1 {
        private final static  String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";
     
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
            Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
     
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false,false, false,null);
            //同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者
            channel.basicQos(1);
     
            QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
            //关于手工确认 待之后有时间研究下
            channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
     
            while(true){
                QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
                String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
                System.out.println("[x] Received1 '"+message+"'");
                Thread.sleep(10);
                //返回确认状态
                channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
            }
     
        }
    }

package com.sakura.work;
     
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
    import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
     
    import java.io.IOException;
     
    /**
     * Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
     */
    public class Receiver2 {
        private final static  String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";
     
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
            Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
     
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false,false, false,null);
            //同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者
            channel.basicQos(1);
     
            QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
            channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
     
            while(true){
                QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
                String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
                System.out.println("[x] Received2 '"+message+"'");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                //返回确认状态
                channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
            }
     
        }
    }

###  ###

![70 6][]

![70 7][]

channel.basicQos启

The following basic (Java) example will receive a maximum of 10 unacknowledged messages at once:

依据官网看。是指通道channel每次能够接收的消费者最大值 https://www.rabbitmq.com/consumer-prefetch.html

若将该行代码注释，则channel无限制，消息将很快发送完毕，只不过消息阻塞在队列中

### 1.2.3订阅模式 ###

### 1.2.4路由模式 ###

生产者：

package com.sakura.routing;
     
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
    import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
     
    import java.io.IOException;
     
    /**
     * Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
     */
    public class Sender {
        private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
        private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "direct";
     
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
            Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
     
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,EXCHANGE_TYPE);
     
            String message = "那一定是蓝色";
            channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"key2", null, message.getBytes());
            System.out.println("[x] Sent '"+message+"'");
     
            channel.close();
            connection.close();
        }
    }

消费者：

package com.sakura.routing;
     
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
    import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
     
    import java.io.IOException;
     
    /**
     * Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
     */
    public class Receiver1 {
        private final  static  String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_routing";
        private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
     
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
            // 获取到连接以及mq通道
            Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
     
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false,false,false,null);
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"key");
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"key2");
     
            channel.basicQos(1);
     
            QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
            channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
     
            while(true){
                QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
                String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
                System.out.println("[x] Received1 "+message);
                Thread.sleep(10);
     
                channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
            }
        }
    }

package com.sakura.routing;
     
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
    import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
     
    import java.io.IOException;
     
    /**
     * Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
     */
    public class Receiver2 {
        private final  static  String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_routing2";
        private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
     
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
            // 获取到连接以及mq通道
            Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
     
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false,false,false,null);
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"key2");
     
            channel.basicQos(1);
     
            QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
            channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
     
            while(true){
                QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
                String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
                System.out.println("[x] Received2 "+message);
                Thread.sleep(10);
     
                channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
            }
     
     
        }
    }

路由模式下，一个队列可以绑定多个路由

### 1.2.5topic模式 ###

生产者：

package com.sakura.topic;
     
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
    import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
     
    import java.io.IOException;
     
    /**
     * Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
     */
    public class Sender {
        private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
        private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";
     
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
            Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
     
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_TYPE);
     
            //消息内容
            String message = "如果真爱有颜色";
            channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"key.1",null,message.getBytes());
            System.out.println("[x] Sent '"+message+"'");
     
            //关通道 关连接
            channel.close();
            connection.close();
        }
    }

消费者：

package com.sakura.topic;
     
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
    import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
     
    import java.io.IOException;
     
    /**
     * Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
     */
    public class Receiver1 {
        private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_topic";
        private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
        private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";
     
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
            Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
     
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false,false, null);
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.*");
     
            channel.basicQos(1);
     
            QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
            channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
     
            while(true){
                QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
                String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
                System.out.println("[x] Received1 '"+message + "'");
                Thread.sleep(10);
     
                channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
            }
        }
    }

package com.sakura.topic;
     
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
    import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
     
    import java.io.IOException;
     
    /**
     * Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
     */
    public class Receiver2 {
        private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_topic2";
        private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
        private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";
     
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
            Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
     
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false,false, null);
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "*.*");
     
            channel.basicQos(1);
     
            QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
            channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
     
            while(true){
                QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
                String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
                System.out.println("[x] Received2 '"+message + "'");
                Thread.sleep(10);
     
                channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
            }
        }
    }

项目地址：[https://gitee.com/ecoSakuraSou/spring-rabbitmq][https_gitee.com_ecoSakuraSou_spring-rabbitmq]

[70]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180904144321223?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMzMDQwMjE5/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70
[70 1]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180904144826976?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMzMDQwMjE5/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70
[70 2]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180904144854466?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMzMDQwMjE5/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70
[70 3]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180904145007443?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMzMDQwMjE5/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70
[70 4]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180904150221744?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMzMDQwMjE5/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70
[70 5]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180904150236524?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMzMDQwMjE5/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70
[70 6]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180904150519742?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMzMDQwMjE5/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70
[70 7]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180904150536528?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMzMDQwMjE5/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70
[https_gitee.com_ecoSakuraSou_spring-rabbitmq]: https://gitee.com/ecoSakuraSou/spring-rabbitmq