Shell - 测试

缺乏、安全感 2024-04-17 21:06 8阅读 0赞

> 任何语编程都有对应的调试工具，如java有Debug、mysql有调试工具、js有调试工具等，shell也不例外  
> shell的语法检测：相当于java的编译

### 1. shell语法检测： ###

> sh -n ./test.sh (sh是/bin/sh 是系统提供的可执行脚本)

### 2. shell的普通调试： ###

> sh -x ./test.sh

> 如test.sh的内容如下：

#!/bin/bash
    
    echo "welcome to shell debug"
    for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
    do
    echo $i
    done
    echo "shell debug is over"

> 执行sh -x ./test.sh该语句后如下：
> 
>  *  echo ‘welcome to shell debug’  
>     welcome to shell debug
>  *  for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
>  *  echo 1  
>     1
>  *  for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
>  *  echo 2  
>     2
>  *  for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
>  *  echo 3  
>     3
>  *  for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
>  *  echo 4  
>     4
>  *  for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
>  *  echo 5  
>     5
>  *  for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
>  *  echo 6  
>     6
>  *  echo ‘shell debug is over’  
>     shell debug is over

### 3. shell的中断调试 ###

> 在shell中添加一个睡眠，保证可以有时间中断调试 sleep 3 睡眠3秒执行下一个语句

#!/bin/bash
    
    echo "welcome to shell debug"
    for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
    do
    echo $i
    sleep 3 
    done
    echo "shell debug is over"

> 在调试过程中可以按Ctrl + Z中断调试，观察结果，然后再按fg键继续调试即可。(先按f在按g键)

### 4. 使用调试工具-bashdb ###

> 【功能】: 类似于GDB的调试工具，可以完成对shell脚本的断点设置，单步执行，变量观察等许多功能  
> 【场合】: 脚本比较大时，通过-x参数调试时已不方便时.  
> 【用法】:  
> bashdb -c script.sh  
> bashdb script.sh  
> bashdb --debugger script.sh  
> 【说明】:该工具默认未安装，当前最新版本为:4.4-0.92,下载目录:http://bashdb.sourceforge.NET/  
> 1). 如果是ubuntu系统,直接用apt-get来安装  
> apt-get install bashdb  
> 2). 如果是Centos等版本，使用windows下载后，编译，安装，大致步骤如下:  
> 下载：https://sourceforge.net/projects/bashdb/files/bashdb/  
> \[root@hadoop007 ~\]\# tar -xzvf bashdb-4.4-0.92.tar.gz -C /usr/src  
> \[root@hadoop007 ~\]\# cd /usr/src/bashdb-4.4-0.92  
> \[root@hadoop007 ~\]\# ./configure  
> \[root@hadoop007 ~\]\# make install

> 【示例】:

vi /home/test1.sh

#!/bin/bash
    
    echo "----------------begin-----------------"
    MAX=3
    for ((i = 0; i < MAX; i++))
    do
       nowdate=`date -d"-$i day" +%Y-%m-%d`
       echo $nowdate
    done
    echo "----------------end-----------------"

> 调试命令：  
> ./bashdb --debugger /home/test.sh

[root@hadoop007 bashdb-4.4-0.92]# ./bashdb --debugger /home/test.sh 
    bash debugger, bashdb, release 4.4-0.92
    Copyright 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006-2012, 2014 Rocky Bernstein
    This is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
    welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.
    (/home/test.sh:3):
    3:	echo "----------------begin-----------------"  
    bashdb<0> n #执行下一条语句
    ----------------begin-----------------
    (/home/test.sh:4):
    4:	MAX=3  
    bashdb<1> l #列出当前行上下各5行，总共10行
      1:    #!/bin/bash 
      2:    
      3:    echo "----------------begin-----------------"  
      4: => MAX=3  
      5:    for ((i = 0; i < MAX; i++))  
      6:    do  
      7:       nowdate=`date -d"-$i day" +%Y-%m-%d`  
      8:       echo $nowdate  
      9:    done  
     10:    echo "----------------end-----------------"  
    bashdb<2> b 7 #在行号为7的行设置断点
    Breakpoint 1 set in file /home/test.sh, line 7.
    bashdb<3> c #继续运行
    Breakpoint 1 hit (1 times).
    (/home/test.sh:7):
    7:	   nowdate=`date -d"-$i day" +%Y-%m-%d`  
    bashdb<4> print $i
    0
    bashdb<5> n
    (/home/test.sh:8):
    8:	   echo $nowdate  
    bashdb<6> print $nowdate
    2017-03-20
    bashdb<7> c 10 #单步往下运行10步
    One-time breakpoint 2 set in file /home/test.sh, line 10.
    2017-03-20
    Breakpoint 1 hit (2 times).
    (/home/test.sh:7):
    7:	   nowdate=`date -d"-$i day" +%Y-%m-%d`  
    bashdb<8> finish  #运行到结束
    Breakpoint 1 hit (3 times).
    (/home/test.sh:7):
    7:	   nowdate=`date -d"-$i day" +%Y-%m-%d`  
    date -d"-$i day" +%Y-%m-%d
    bashdb<(9)> finish
    2017-03-19
    Breakpoint 1 hit (4 times).
    (/home/test.sh:7):
    7:	   nowdate=`date -d"-$i day" +%Y-%m-%d`  
    bashdb<10> finish
    Breakpoint 1 hit (5 times).
    (/home/test.sh:7):
    7:	   nowdate=`date -d"-$i day" +%Y-%m-%d`  
    date -d"-$i day" +%Y-%m-%d
    bashdb<(11)> finish
    2017-03-18
    (/home/test.sh:10):
    10:	echo "----------------end-----------------"  
    bashdb<12> q  #退出
    bashdb: That's all, folks...