【微服务】——Minikube安装使用Kubernetes

た入场券 2024-04-17 15:28 67阅读 0赞

### 一、前言 ###

Kubernetes将底层的计算资源连接在一起对外体现为一个高可用的计算机集群。Kubernetes将资源高度抽象化，允许将容器化的应用程序部署到集群中。为了使用这种新的部署模型，需要将应用程序和使用环境一起打包成容器。与过去的部署模型相比，容器化的应用程序更加灵活和可用，在新的部署模型中，应用程序被直接安装到特定的机器上，Kubernetes能够以更高效的方式在集群中实现容器的分发和调度运行。

Kubernetes集群包括两种类型资源：

*  [Master节点][Master]：协调控制整个集群。
 *  [Nodes节点][Nodes]：运行应用的工作节点。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MDQ0OTMwMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

Master 负责集群的管理。Master 协调集群中的所有行为/活动，例如应用的运行、修改、更新等。（Node）节点作为Kubernetes集群中的工作节点，可以是VM虚拟机、物理机。每个node上都有一个Kubelet，用于管理node节点与Kubernetes Master通信。每个Node节点上至少还要运行container runtime（比如docker或者rkt）。Kubernetes上部署应用程序时，会先通知master启动容器中的应用程序，master调度容器以在集群的节点上运行，node节点使用master公开的Kubernetes API与主节点进行通信。最终用户还可以直接使用Kubernetes API与集群进行交互。

Kubernetes集群可以部署在物理机或虚拟机上。使用Kubernetes开发时，你可以采用[Minikube][]。Minikube可以实现一种轻量级的Kubernetes集群，通过在本地计算机上创建虚拟机并部署只包含单个节点的简单集群。Minikube适用于Linux，MacOS和Windows系统。Minikube CLI提供集群管理的基本操作，包括 start、stop、status、 和delete。

![format_png][]

### 二、安装 ###

**安装前准备：**先安装好[kubectl][]

阿里云镜像地址：[https://github.com/AliyunContainerService/minikube][https_github.com_AliyunContainerService_minikube]

安装参考地址：[https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/linux/][https_minikube.sigs.k8s.io_docs_start_linux]

１、下载并安装minikube

curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64 && sudo install minikube-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/minikube

![20190827233429283.png][]

2、安装虚拟机

注：1、因为minikube是需要安装在虚拟机上的，这里安装[virtualbox][]

2、Minikube 也支持 `--vm-driver=none` 选项来在本机运行 Kubernetes 组件，这时候需要本机安装了 Docker。

sudo apt install virtualbox

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MDQ0OTMwMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

３、通过virtualbox运行minikube

sudo minikube start --vm-driver=virtualbox

![20190829170739887.png][]

**minikube start主要做了这些事：**

*  创建了名为minikube的虚拟机，并在虚拟机中安装了Docker容器运行时。（实际就是Docker-machine）
 *  下载了Kubeadm与Kubelet工具
 *  通过Kubeadm部署Kubernetes集群
 *  进行各组件间访问授权、健康检查等工作

所以，minikube实际上是基于Kubeadm工具来部署Kubernetes的，我们通过*minikube ssh*命令可以进入部署的虚拟机中，看下里面在跑的容器：

$docker ps | awk '{print $NF}'

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MDQ0OTMwMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

看到很多熟悉的身影，有Master节点的组件kube-apiserver、kube-scheduler、kube-controller、etcd 容器，以及Node节点的kube-proxy容器，还有些附加的组件比如Coredns等。没错，Kubeadm实际就是把Kubernetes各个组件都容器化了（除了kubelet），而minikube再用虚拟机把它们都跑在一起。

### 三、使用 ###

1、打开Kubernetes控制台：**sudo minikube dashboard**

![20190828164036228.png][]

2、获取浏览器仪表板ip：**sudo minikube dashboard --url **

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MDQ0OTMwMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

２、检测集群运行状态

kubectl cluster-info
    
    sudo kubectl cluster-info dump//详细信息

![2019082816514232.png][]

**Ubuntu下，Minikube的配置文件在如下路径:~/.minikube/machines/minikube/config.json**

{
        "ConfigVersion": 3,
        "Driver": {
            "IPAddress": "192.168.99.100",
            "MachineName": "minikube",
            "SSHUser": "docker",
            "SSHPort": 46123,
            "SSHKeyPath": "/home/SENSETIME/tangqing2/.minikube/machines/minikube/id_rsa",
            "StorePath": "/home/SENSETIME/tangqing2/.minikube",
            "SwarmMaster": false,
            "SwarmHost": "",
            "SwarmDiscovery": "",
            "VBoxManager": {},
            "HostInterfaces": {},
            "CPU": 2,
            "Memory": 2000,
            "DiskSize": 20000,
            "NatNicType": "virtio",
            "Boot2DockerURL": "file:///home/SENSETIME/tangqing2/.minikube/cache/iso/minikube-v1.3.0.iso",
            "Boot2DockerImportVM": "",
            "HostDNSResolver": true,
            "HostOnlyCIDR": "192.168.99.1/24",
            "HostOnlyNicType": "virtio",
            "HostOnlyPromiscMode": "deny",
            "UIType": "headless",
            "HostOnlyNoDHCP": false,
            "NoShare": false,
            "DNSProxy": false,
            "NoVTXCheck": false,
            "ShareFolder": ""
        },
        "DriverName": "virtualbox",
        "HostOptions": {
            "Driver": "",
            "Memory": 0,
            "Disk": 0,
            "EngineOptions": {
                "ArbitraryFlags": null,
                "Dns": null,
                "GraphDir": "",
                "Env": null,
                "Ipv6": false,
                "InsecureRegistry": [
                    "10.96.0.0/12"
                ],
                "Labels": null,
                "LogLevel": "",
                "StorageDriver": "",
                "SelinuxEnabled": false,
                "TlsVerify": false,
                "RegistryMirror": null,
                "InstallURL": ""
            },
            "SwarmOptions": {
                "IsSwarm": false,
                "Address": "",
                "Discovery": "",
                "Agent": false,
                "Master": false,
                "Host": "",
                "Image": "",
                "Strategy": "",
                "Heartbeat": 0,
                "Overcommit": 0,
                "ArbitraryFlags": null,
                "ArbitraryJoinFlags": null,
                "Env": null,
                "IsExperimental": false
            },
            "AuthOptions": {
                "CertDir": "/home/SENSETIME/tangqing2/.minikube",
                "CaCertPath": "/home/SENSETIME/tangqing2/.minikube/certs/ca.pem",
                "CaPrivateKeyPath": "/home/SENSETIME/tangqing2/.minikube/certs/ca-key.pem",
                "CaCertRemotePath": "",
                "ServerCertPath": "/home/SENSETIME/tangqing2/.minikube/machines/server.pem",
                "ServerKeyPath": "/home/SENSETIME/tangqing2/.minikube/machines/server-key.pem",
                "ClientKeyPath": "/home/SENSETIME/tangqing2/.minikube/certs/key.pem",
                "ServerCertRemotePath": "",
                "ServerKeyRemotePath": "",
                "ClientCertPath": "/home/SENSETIME/tangqing2/.minikube/certs/cert.pem",
                "ServerCertSANs": null,
                "StorePath": "/home/SENSETIME/tangqing2/.minikube"
            }
        },
        "Name": "minikube"
    }

3、查看配置文件内容

命令：**sudo kubectl config view**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MDQ0OTMwMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

4、检验Node状态: **sudo kubectl get nodes**

![20190828170312403.png][]

5、使用ssh进入Minikube虚机:**sudo minikube ssh**

![2019082817043748.png][]

6、停止运行中的kubernetes集群:**sudo minikube stop**

**        **7、删除本地的kubernetes集群:**sudo minikube delete**

### ** 四、参考文章** ###

１、minikube官网安装：[https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/linux/][https_minikube.sigs.k8s.io_docs_start_linux]

２、参考文章１：[https://juejin.im/post/5d35b0f2f265da1bcb4f6ae2][https_juejin.im_post_5d35b0f2f265da1bcb4f6ae2]**     **

**           3、**参考文章2：[https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000018607114][https_segmentfault.com_a_1190000018607114]** **

[Master]: https://www.bookstack.cn/read/Kubernetes-zh/33.md
[Nodes]: https://www.bookstack.cn/read/Kubernetes-zh/32.md
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[Minikube]: https://www.bookstack.cn/read/Kubernetes-zh/11.md
[format_png]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly96anJvbmd4aWFuZy5naXRodWIuaW8vaW1hZ2VzL3BpY3R1cmUvbWluaWt1YmUuanBlZw?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[kubectl]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/#install-kubectl-on-linux
[https_github.com_AliyunContainerService_minikube]: https://github.com/AliyunContainerService/minikube
[https_minikube.sigs.k8s.io_docs_start_linux]: https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/linux/
[20190827233429283.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/17/5a5afbf90dbb45f8b8ffc0fbd145e0b6.png
[virtualbox]: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
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[20190829170739887.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/17/15094611666b49ad94733ef1ae189198.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MDQ0OTMwMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/17/e0e6ed3bbd414bec835450018c05a041.png
[20190828164036228.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/17/53346671a9904e939713e120d125e288.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MDQ0OTMwMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/17/d5a9cfd07ea040ca954a3b08bfe86fad.png
[2019082816514232.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/17/ed174be68ad744aa9d89433ce9cc3c2b.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MDQ0OTMwMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/17/691077520bfb4dc580556a65b198de19.png
[20190828170312403.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/17/d071ba00084045449035b5c56005c1e6.png
[2019082817043748.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/17/a9c0e5d6f85d40c1a2c9fc73e130f4bf.png
[https_juejin.im_post_5d35b0f2f265da1bcb4f6ae2]: https://juejin.im/post/5d35b0f2f265da1bcb4f6ae2
[https_segmentfault.com_a_1190000018607114]: https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000018607114