Docker简单入门使用

偏执的太偏执、 2024-04-17 05:59 70阅读 0赞

### **1. Docker基本操作** ###

**service docker start  启动**

**service docker stop  停止**

**service docker restart  重启**

systemctl 和 service命令 都可以管理系统服务

[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep docker     # 查看Docker服务是否是否启动
    root      3504  3432  0 10:42 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto docker
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker   # 启动Docker服务
    [root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep docker
    root      3523     1  3 10:44 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
    root      3710  3432  0 10:44 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto docker

### **2.使用 docker 命令 , 查看Docker客户端的所有命令。或使用 docker < command> --help 更深入的了解指定的 Docker 命令用法。** ###

[root@localhost ~]# docker               # 查看所有Docker命令
    Usage:	docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
    A self-sufficient runtime for containers
      ......
      
    [root@localhost ~]# docker ps --help     # 查看 ps 命令的详细使用规则
    Usage:	docker ps [OPTIONS]
    List containers
    Options:
      -a, --all             Show all containers (default shows just running)
      ......

### **3. Docker容器的创建及管理** ###

** ① 从镜像源拉取(下载)镜像**

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx   #从镜像源拉取nginx镜像
    Using default tag: latest
    latest: Pulling from library/nginx
    1ab2bdfe9778: Pull complete 
    a17e64cfe253: Pull complete 
    e1288088c7a8: Pull complete 
    Digest: sha256:53ddb41e46de3d63376579acf46f9a41a8d7de33645db47a486de9769201fec9
    Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
    docker.io/library/nginx:latest

** ② 查看本地镜像**

[root@localhost ~]# docker images nginx      # 查看本地nginx镜像
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    nginx               latest              5a3221f0137b        8 days ago          126MB
    [root@localhost ~]# docker images             # 查看本地所有镜像
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    nginx               latest              5a3221f0137b        8 days ago          126MB
    hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        7 months ago        1.84kB

** ③ 启动一个 Nginx 容器**

**使用 docker run 命令创建一个新的容器并运行。-d: 让容器在后台运行，nginx是使用的镜像，镜像位置必须在-d 后面； -p 端口进行映射，将容器的 80 端口映射到主机的 8082 端口；--name 设置容器名称。**(-P :是容器内部端口随机映射到主机的高端口。-p : 是容器内部端口绑定到指定的主机端口。)

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name runoob-nginx-test -p 8081:80 -d nginx
    46b97474a61fb9b7acc06fccf0ab49dcadc8bbb34cf3433a3eec918e19daad83
    
    [root@localhost ~]# docker ps   # 使用 docker ps 来查看正在运行的容器
    CONTAINER ID    IMAGE        COMMAND                 CREATED                 
    46b97474a61f     nginx     "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   23 seconds ago       
       STATUS                PORTS                     NAMES
     Up 22 seconds       0.0.0. 0:8081->80/tcp   runoob-nginx-test
     
     root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a      #  -a 查看所有的容器包括运行和停止的容器
    CONTAINER ID    IMAGE        COMMAND                  CREATED            
    e52a27b61692    nginx       "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   7 seconds ago       
    5ec206365a97    hello-world  "/hello"                 15 hours ago       
      STATUS                    PORTS                    NAMES
      Up 6 seconds              127.0.0.1:8083->80/tcp   runoob-nginx-test
      Exited (0) 15 hours ago                            hungry_liskov

使用 **docker port 可以查看指定 （ID 或者名字）容器的某个确定端口映射到宿主机的端口号**。使用 **docker logs \[ID或者名字\] 可以查看容器内部的标准输出**。使用 **docker top 来查看容器内部运行的进程**。使用 **docker inspect 来查看 Docker 的底层信息，它会返回一个 JSON 文件记录着 Docker 容器的配置和状态信息**。

[root@localhost ~]# docker port 2fa62135a96a     # 查看到容器的端口映射
    80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8081
    [root@localhost ~]# docker port runoob-nginx-test
    80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8081
    [root@localhost ~]# docker logs runoob-nginx-test   # 查看容器内部的标准输出
    172.17.0.1 - - [24/Aug/2019:08:22:47 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
    172.17.0.1 - - [24/Aug/2019:08:23:08 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
    [root@localhost ~]# docker top runoob-nginx-test
    UID        PID       PPID      C   STIME     TTY    TIME          CMD
    root      8224      8208      0    15:49      ?     00:00:00     nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
    101       8255      8224      0    15:49      ?     00:00:00     nginx: worker process
    [root@localhost ~]# docker inspect runoob-nginx-test

**进入已经启动的容器中**

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
    CONTAINER ID    IMAGE        COMMAND                 CREATED                 
    46b97474a61f     nginx     "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   23 seconds ago       
       STATUS                PORTS                     NAMES
     Up 22 seconds       0.0.0. 0:8081->80/tcp   runoob-nginx-test
    # 进入已经启动容器
    [root@localhost docker]# docker exec -it 46b97474a61f /bin/bash 
    root@46b97474a61f:/# ls
    bin   dev  home  lib64	mnt  proc  run	 srv  tmp  var
    boot  etc  lib	 media	opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
    root@ba9d21fb47bf:/# exit                    # 退出容器
    exit

** ④ 停止和重启Nginx容器**

[root@localhost ~]# docker stop runoob-nginx-test
    runoob-nginx-test
    [root@localhost ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    [root@localhost ~]# docker start runoob-nginx-test
    runoob-nginx-test
    [root@localhost ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
    2fa62135a96a        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   4 hours ago         Up 3 seconds        0.0.0.0:8081->80/tcp   runoob-nginx-test

**⑤ 移除(删除)Nginx容器**

**删除容器时，容器必须是停止状态，否则会报错误。**

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm runoob-nginx-test
    runoob-nginx-test