通信英语词汇用法与案例

Dear 丶 2024-04-17 05:24 54阅读 0赞

# 为什么要研究用词问题 #

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# 技术英语用词原则 #

1、简单原则

2、动词优先

## 简单原则 ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhbnhpYmFveHh4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

奥卡姆剃刀原理：如非必要，勿增实体。

如果都说的通，简单就是最好的。

1. 选词准确、易读易懂，并且不会引起歧义。

2. 可替代的情况下，尽量使用常用词，避免生僻词。

3. 避免滥用大词，要尽量选用词义准确的小词。

大词（Big word）: a difficult word used to try to impress someone

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## 动词优先 ##

在动词和表示动作和行为的名词之间，应优先使用动词。这样可以使得意思表达更为直接清楚，结构更为清楚，并缩短整个句子的长度。

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# 典型用词错误案例 #

**1、理解问题**

**2、搭配问题**

**3、关系问题**

### 准确理解：a/an 并不是“一个”的意思 ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhbnhpYmFveHh4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

### 准确理解：是“协同”还是“共同” ###

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### 准确理解：“状态”和“状态”不一样 ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhbnhpYmFveHh4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

### 准确理解：“误报”不是“错误报告” ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhbnhpYmFveHh4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

### 准确理解：结合不一定是“combine” ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhbnhpYmFveHh4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

### 准确理解：不用和无用要分清 ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhbnhpYmFveHh4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

### 准确理解：慎用available ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhbnhpYmFveHh4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

### 准确理解：有没有al大不相同 ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhbnhpYmFveHh4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

### 准确理解：“自动”到底动不动 ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhbnhpYmFveHh4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]

### 准确理解：最大最小怎么说 ###

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最值和极值

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## 搭配问题 ##

### 正确搭配：搞清楚什么可以“数” ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhbnhpYmFveHh4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17][]

### 正确搭配：不要随便achieve ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhbnhpYmFveHh4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18][]

### 正确搭配：大小高低不能乱搭配 ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhbnhpYmFveHh4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19][]

### 正确搭配：易混淆的to和from ###

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## 关系问题 ##

### 明确关系：区分修饰对象 ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhbnhpYmFveHh4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22][]

### 明确关系：区分动作主体 ###

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### 区分关系：区分从属关系 ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhbnhpYmFveHh4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 24][]

### 明确关系：区分动作对象 ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RhbnhpYmFveHh4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 25][]

# 易混淆词用法辨析 #

administration, management

affect, effect

after, when

although, while

among, between

appear, display

about, approximately, nearly

assure, ensure, insure

area, district, region, zone

attach, enclose

back up, backup

baseline, base line

bit, digit

browse, search for

cable, wire

can, may

can not, cannot

capability, capacity

carry out, execute, run

changeover, switchover

choose, select

click, press

complete, finish

compare to, compare with

compose, comprise, consist

continual, continuous

consistent, the same

disc, disk

disk, drive

display, screen

document, documentation

drive, driver

electric, electrical

farther, further, furthermore

fewer, less

for example, such as, like

grammar, syntax

hot plug, hot swap

index, specification

if, whether

immediately, quickly

interruption, termination

limit, restrict

maximum, maximal, minimum, minimal

media, medium, mediums

message, prompt

more than, over

must, should

network, networking

number of xxx, xxx number

other than, rather than

parent/child, father/son, mother/daughter

percent, percentage, %

provide, support

rate, speed

real time, real-time

resolve, solve

resolution, solution

set up, setup

state, status

timeout, time out

update, upgrade

use, utilize

using, by using, with

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