Maven Web 应用

Love The Way You Lie 2024-03-27 15:29 56阅读 0赞

本章节我们将学习如何使用版本控制系统 Maven 来管理一个基于 web 的项目，如何创建、构建、部署已经运行一个 web 应用。

#### 创建 Web 应用 ####

我们可以使用 maven-archetype-webapp 插件来创建一个简单的 Java web 应用。

打开命令控制台，进入到 C:\\MVN 文件夹，然后执行以下的 mvn 命令：

> 1.  `C:\MVN>mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.companyname.automobile -DartifactId=trucks -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false`

执行完后 Maven 将开始处理，并且创建完整的于Java Web 项目的目录结构。

> 1.  `[INFO] Scanning for projects...`
> 2.  `[INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'.`
> 3.  `[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------`
> 4.  `[INFO] Building Maven Default Project`
> 5.  `[INFO] task-segment: [archetype:generate] (aggregator-style)`
> 6.  `[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------`
> 7.  `[INFO] Preparing archetype:generate`
> 8.  `[INFO] No goals needed for project - skipping`
> 9.  `[INFO] [archetype:generate {execution: default-cli}]`
> 10. `[INFO] Generating project in Batch mode`
> 11. `[INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------`
> 12. `[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project`
> 13. `from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-webapp:1.0`
> 14. `[INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------`
> 15. `[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.companyname.automobile`
> 16. `[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.companyname.automobile`
> 17. `[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.companyname.automobile`
> 18. `[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: trucks`
> 19. `[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:\MVN`
> 20. `[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT`
> 21. `[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: C:\MVN\trucks`
> 22. `[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------`
> 23. `[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL`
> 24. `[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------`
> 25. `[INFO] Total time: 16 seconds`
> 26. `[INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:00:00 IST 2012`
> 27. `[INFO] Final Memory: 20M/89M`
> 28. `[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------`

执行完后，我们可以在 C:/MVN 文件夹下看到 trucks 项目，查看项目的目录结构：

![3cc33fb1270895ddbf69624a5155a7b7.jpeg][]

Maven 目录结构是标准的，各个目录作用如下表所示:

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>文件夹结构</th> 
   <th>描述</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>trucks</td> 
   <td>包含 src 文件夹和 pom.xml 文件。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>src/main/webapp</td> 
   <td>包含 index.jsp 文件和 WEB-INF 文件夹.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF</td> 
   <td>包含 web.xml 文件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>src/main/resources</td> 
   <td>包含图片、properties资源文件。</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

pom.xml 文件代码如下：

> 1.  `<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"`
> 2.  `xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"`
> 3.  `xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0`
> 4.  `http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">`
> 5.  `<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>`
> 6.  `<groupId>com.companyname.automobile</groupId>`
> 7.  `<artifactId>trucks</artifactId>`
> 8.  `<packaging>war</packaging>`
> 9.  `<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>`
> 10. `<name>trucks Maven Webapp</name>`
> 11. `<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>`
> 12. `<dependencies>`
> 13. `<dependency>`
> 14. `<groupId>junit</groupId>`
> 15. `<artifactId>junit</artifactId>`
> 16. `<version>3.8.1</version>`
> 17. `<scope>test</scope>`
> 18. `</dependency>`
> 19. `</dependencies>`
> 20. `<build>`
> 21. `<finalName>trucks</finalName>`
> 22. `</build>`
> 23. `</project>`

接下来我们打开 C:\\ > MVN > trucks > src > main > webapp > 文件夹，可以看到一个已经创建好的 index.jsp 文件，代码如下：

> 1.  `<html>`
> 2.  `<body>`
> 3.  `<h2>Hello World!</h2>`
> 4.  `</body>`
> 5.  `</html>`

--------------------

### 构建 Web 应用 ###

打开命令控制台，进入 C:\\MVN\\trucks 目录，然后执行下面的以下 mvn 命令：

> 1.  `C:\MVN\trucks>mvn clean package`

Maven 将开始构建项目:

> 1.  `[INFO] Scanning for projects...`
> 2.  `[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------`
> 3.  `[INFO] Building trucks Maven Webapp`
> 4.  `[INFO] task-segment: [clean, package]`
> 5.  `[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------`
> 6.  `[INFO] [clean:clean {execution: default-clean}]`
> 7.  `[INFO] [resources:resources {execution: default-resources}]`
> 8.  `[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to`
> 9.  `copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent!`
> 10. `[INFO] Copying 0 resource`
> 11. `[INFO] [compiler:compile {execution: default-compile}]`
> 12. `[INFO] No sources to compile`
> 13. `[INFO] [resources:testResources {execution: default-testResources}]`
> 14. `[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to`
> 15. `copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent!`
> 16. `[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory`
> 17. `C:\MVN\trucks\src\test\resources`
> 18. `[INFO] [compiler:testCompile {execution: default-testCompile}]`
> 19. `[INFO] No sources to compile`
> 20. `[INFO] [surefire:test {execution: default-test}]`
> 21. `[INFO] No tests to run.`
> 22. `[INFO] [war:war {execution: default-war}]`
> 23. `[INFO] Packaging webapp`
> 24. `[INFO] Assembling webapp[trucks] in [C:\MVN\trucks\target\trucks]`
> 25. `[INFO] Processing war project`
> 26. `[INFO] Copying webapp resources[C:\MVN\trucks\src\main\webapp]`
> 27. `[INFO] Webapp assembled in[77 msecs]`
> 28. `[INFO] Building war: C:\MVN\trucks\target\trucks.war`
> 29. `[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------`
> 30. `[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL`
> 31. `[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------`
> 32. `[INFO] Total time: 3 seconds`
> 33. `[INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:22:45 IST 2012`
> 34. `[INFO] Final Memory: 11M/85M`
> 35. `[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------`

#### 部署 Web 应用 ####

打开 C:\\ < MVN < trucks < target < 文件夹，找到 trucks.war 文件，并复制到你的 web 服务器的 web 应用目录，然后重启 web 服务器。

#### 测试 Web 应用 ####

访问以下 URL 运行 web 应用：

> 1.  `http://:/trucks/index.jsp`

验证结果：

![16739f83f605b877583df24f98b0855d.jpeg][]

[3cc33fb1270895ddbf69624a5155a7b7.jpeg]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/27/56b738c9d790484fb45bfd98cf9f58b3.png
[16739f83f605b877583df24f98b0855d.jpeg]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/27/346bb9b31d0a45e8b4fbbb3c72d451d1.png