CentOS8 网卡命令使用|CentOS8 重启网卡方法

桃扇骨 2024-03-27 10:08 68阅读 0赞

## CentOS8 网卡命令使用|CentOS8 重启网卡方法 ##

> nmcli命令整理

### 概述 ###

因为CentOS 8 弃用network.service，采用NetworkManager(NM)为网卡启用命令。当然，CentOS 8 可以安装network.service作为网卡服务，但为了适应版本，此次还是得介绍NM命令的使用，同时CentOS7也支持nmcli命令![image.png][]

### 特性 ###

可自动补全

另一种形式的ifconfig

### 命令介绍 ###

`nmcli`

![image.png][image.png 1]![image.png][image.png 2]

#### 总命令介绍 ####

`nmcli`![image.png][image.png 3]

nmcli
    enp2s0: connected to enp2s0											  #网卡名称
            "Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411"									  #网卡驱动，型号
            ethernet (r8169), 18:60:24:75:C0:CD, hw, mtu 1500			  #网卡详细信息
            ip4 default													  #默认ipv4配置
            inet4 10.191.142.7/24										  #设置的ip地址以及子网掩码
            route4 10.191.142.0/24										  #网关 
            route4 0.0.0.0/0											  #网关 
            inet6 fe80::1a60:24ff:fe75:c0cd/64							  #ipv6无设置  				
            route6 fe80::/64											  #ipv6网关无设置
            route6 ff00::/8												  #ipv6网关无设置
            
    wlp3s0: disconnected
            "Intel Wireless-AC 3168NGW"
            wifi (iwlwifi), B6:36:E1:E5:A3:F2, hw, mtu 1500
    
    p2p-dev-wlp3s0: disconnected
            "p2p-dev-wlp3s0"
            wifi-p2p, hw
    
    virbr0: unmanaged
            "virbr0"
            bridge, 52:54:00:1D:7F:97, sw, mtu 1500
    
    lo: unmanaged													    #本地连接默认为umanaged
            "lo"
            loopback (unknown), 00:00:00:00:00:00, sw, mtu 65536
    
    virbr0-nic: unmanaged
            "virbr0-nic"
            tun, 52:54:00:1D:7F:97, sw, mtu 1500
    
    DNS configuration:													#DNS服务器设置
            servers: 10.191.142.129 202.205.160.3 219.142.50.126
            interface: enp2s0
    
    Use "nmcli device show" to get complete information about known devices and
    "nmcli connection show" to get an overview on active connection profiles.
    
    Consult nmcli(1) and nmcli-examples(7) manual pages for complete usage details.

#### 查看命令整理 ####

##### 查看网卡 #####

###### 查看网卡设备信息 ######

`nmcli`

\[见“总命令介绍” \](\#\#\# 总命令介绍)

###### 查看网卡设备详细信息 ######

`nmcli device show / nmcli device show enp2s0`

[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli device show
    GENERAL.DEVICE:                         enp2s0
    GENERAL.TYPE:                           ethernet
    GENERAL.HWADDR:                         18:60:24:75:C0:CD
    GENERAL.MTU:                            1500
    GENERAL.STATE:                          100 (connected)
    GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     enp2s0
    GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1
    WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER:               on
    IP4.ADDRESS[1]:                         10.191.142.7/24
    IP4.GATEWAY:                            10.191.142.1
    IP4.ROUTE[1]:                           dst = 10.191.142.0/24, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 100
    IP4.ROUTE[2]:                           dst = 0.0.0.0/0, nh = 10.191.142.1, mt = 100
    IP4.DNS[1]:                             10.191.142.129
    IP4.DNS[2]:                             202.205.160.3
    IP4.DNS[3]:                             219.142.50.126
    IP6.ADDRESS[1]:                         fe80::1a60:24ff:fe75:c0cd/64
    IP6.GATEWAY:                            --
    IP6.ROUTE[1]:                           dst = fe80::/64, nh = ::, mt = 100
    IP6.ROUTE[2]:                           dst = ff00::/8, nh = ::, mt = 256, table=255
    
    GENERAL.DEVICE:                         wlp3s0
    GENERAL.TYPE:                           wifi
    GENERAL.HWADDR:                         F2:10:DB:8E:57:EB
    GENERAL.MTU:                            1500
    GENERAL.STATE:                          30 (disconnected)
    GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     --
    GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       --
    
    GENERAL.DEVICE:                         p2p-dev-wlp3s0
    GENERAL.TYPE:                           wifi-p2p
    GENERAL.HWADDR:                         (unknown)
    GENERAL.MTU:                            0
    GENERAL.STATE:                          30 (disconnected)
    GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     --
    GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       --
    
    GENERAL.DEVICE:                         virbr0
    GENERAL.TYPE:                           bridge
    GENERAL.HWADDR:                         52:54:00:1D:7F:97
    GENERAL.MTU:                            1500
    GENERAL.STATE:                          10 (unmanaged)
    GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     --
    GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       --
    
    GENERAL.DEVICE:                         lo
    GENERAL.TYPE:                           loopback
    GENERAL.HWADDR:                         00:00:00:00:00:00
    GENERAL.MTU:                            65536
    GENERAL.STATE:                          10 (unmanaged)
    GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     --
    GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       --
    IP4.ADDRESS[1]:                         127.0.0.1/8
    IP4.GATEWAY:                            --
    IP6.ADDRESS[1]:                         ::1/128
    IP6.GATEWAY:                            --
    IP6.ROUTE[1]:                           dst = ::1/128, nh = ::, mt = 256
    
    GENERAL.DEVICE:                         virbr0-nic
    GENERAL.TYPE:                           tun
    GENERAL.HWADDR:                         52:54:00:1D:7F:97
    GENERAL.MTU:                            1500
    GENERAL.STATE:                          10 (unmanaged)
    GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     --
    GENERAL.CON-PATH:                   	--

![image.png][image.png 4]![image.png][image.png 5]

##### 网卡相关信息查看 #####

###### 查看网卡设备状态 ######

[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli device status 									#查看网卡设备状态
    DEVICE          TYPE      STATE         CONNECTION 
    enp2s0          ethernet  connected     enp2s0     
    wlp3s0          wifi      disconnected  --         
    p2p-dev-wlp3s0  wifi-p2p  disconnected  --         
    virbr0          bridge    unmanaged     --         
    lo              loopback  unmanaged     --         
    virbr0-nic      tun       unmanaged     --         
    [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection show									#查看网卡信息					
    NAME    UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
    enp2s0  0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb  ethernet  enp2s0 
    [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli con show										#查看网卡信息
    NAME    UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
    enp2s0  0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb  ethernet  enp2s0 
    [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli c show											#查看网卡信息
    NAME    UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
    enp2s0  0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb  ethernet  enp2s0 
    [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli c 												#查看网卡信息
    NAME    UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
    enp2s0  0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb  ethernet  enp2s0

![image.png][image.png 6]

![image.png][image.png 7]

###### 查看所有活动连接 ######

[root@GKFZ ~]# nmcli connection show										#查看所有连接
    NAME             UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE          
    em1              be94ea60-4cc5-41ab-9331-dd680beed08f  ethernet  em1             
    br-00c37415a37a  0875ceb9-e285-40a6-9bed-3d09cbf3c588  bridge    br-00c37415a37a 
    em2              406f7d44-ce8f-4c9d-9285-b7edc7f8ea8d  ethernet  em2             
    em3              3dc981b1-67df-4201-ae7b-07e608f8f47e  ethernet  em3             
    em4              4e6a1d72-617e-4d3e-b71d-23563ab1efea  ethernet  -- 
    
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    
    [root@CentOS8 ~]#  nmcli connection show --active							#查看所有活动连接
    NAME    UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
    enp2s0  0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb  ethernet  enp2s0

![image.png][image.png 8]

![image.png][image.png 9]

###### 查看网卡信息 ######

[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli c show enp2s0						#查看指定网卡具体信息
    
    [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli con show enp2s0						#查看指定网卡具体信息
    
    [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection show enp2s0				#查看指定网卡具体信息
    connection.id:                          enp2s0
    connection.uuid:                        0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb
    connection.stable-id:                   --
    connection.type:                        802-3-ethernet
    connection.interface-name:              enp2s0
    connection.autoconnect:                 yes
    connection.autoconnect-priority:        0
    connection.autoconnect-retries:         -1 (default)
    connection.multi-connect:               0 (default)
    connection.auth-retries:                -1
    connection.timestamp:                   1634019437
    connection.read-only:                   no
    connection.permissions:                 --
    connection.zone:                        --
    connection.master:                      --
    connection.slave-type:                  --
    connection.autoconnect-slaves:          -1 (default)
    connection.secondaries:                 --
    connection.gateway-ping-timeout:        0
    connection.metered:                     unknown
    connection.lldp:                        default
    connection.mdns:                        -1 (default)
    connection.llmnr:                       -1 (default)
    connection.wait-device-timeout:         -1
    802-3-ethernet.port:                    --
    802-3-ethernet.speed:                   0
    802-3-ethernet.duplex:                  --
    802-3-ethernet.auto-negotiate:          no
    802-3-ethernet.mac-address:             --
    802-3-ethernet.cloned-mac-address:      --
    802-3-ethernet.generate-mac-address-mask:--
    802-3-ethernet.mac-address-blacklist:   --
    802-3-ethernet.mtu:                     auto
    802-3-ethernet.s390-subchannels:        --
    802-3-ethernet.s390-nettype:            --
    802-3-ethernet.s390-options:            --
    802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan:             default
    802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan-password:    --
    ipv4.method:                            manual
    ipv4.dns:                               10.191.142.129,202.205.160.3,219.142.50.126

![image.png][image.png 10]

### 启动、停止与重载 ###

[root@GKFZ ~]# nmcli connection up em1 												# 启用网卡enp2s0
    Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/17)
    
    
    [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection down enp2s0										# 停用网卡enp2s0--若已配置开机自动连接，重启后可被自动激活
    Connection 'enp2s0' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)
    
    
    [root@GKFZ ~]# nmcli device disconnect em1 											# 停用网卡enp2s0--重启后也不能自动激活
    Device 'em1' successfully disconnected.
    
    								
    [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection reload enp2s0									# 重启网卡命令

![image.png][image.png 11]

### 添加与删除 ###

[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection add type ethernet con-name eth-winjay ifname enp2s0 			
    		#添加一个名为eth-winjay的网卡连接，_____于enp2s0；配置文件目录/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/* ，添加配置时，自动生成网卡配置文件
    Connection 'eth-winjay' (f1c6cced-502d-45da-9e04-cde129ad4237) successfully added.
    [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection show
    NAME        UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
    enp2s0      0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb  ethernet  enp2s0 
    eth-winjay  f1c6cced-502d-45da-9e04-cde129ad4237  ethernet  --
    [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection up eth-winjay			#网卡切换了，原enp2s0连接已断开，启用了eth-winjay这个新连接以上网

![image.png][image.png 12]

> 可以看到原enp2s0连接已断开。

[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection show
    NAME        UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
    eth-winjay  f1c6cced-502d-45da-9e04-cde129ad4237  ethernet  enp2s0 
    enp2s0      0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb  ethernet  --

![image.png][image.png 13]

[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection delete eth-winjay 										#删除eth-winja这个连接
    Connection 'eth-winjay' (f1c6cced-502d-45da-9e04-cde129ad4237) successfully deleted.
    [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection show --active
    NAME    UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
    enp2s0  0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb  ethernet  enp2s0

![image.png][image.png 14]

### 配置 ###

> 修改的是网卡配置文件

nmcli connection modify enp2s0 connection.autoconnect yes									#设置为自启动网卡(ONBOOT=yes)
    nmcli connection modify enp2s0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.123.206/24			#设置IP地址获取方式是手动(BOOTPROTO=none)
    nmcli connection modify enp2s0 ipv4.method auto												#设置IP地址获取方式是DHCP(BOOTPROTO=dhcp)
    nmcli connection modify enp2s0 ipv4.addresses 10.191.142.8/24								#修改IP地址(IPADDR=10.191.142.8 PREFIX=24)
    nmcli connection modify enp2s0 ipv4.gateway 10.191.142.0									#修改网关(GATEWAY=10.191.142.0)
    nmcli connection modify enp2s0 +ipv4.addresses 10.191.142.6/24								#添加第二个IP地址(IPADDR1=172.16.10.10 PREFIX1=24)
    nmcli connection modify enp2s0 ipv4.dns 10.191.142.9										#添加DNS(DNS1=10.191.142.9)
    nmcli connection modify enp2s0 +ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8											#添加第二个DNS(DNS2=8.8.8.8)
    nmcli connection modify enp2s0 -ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8											#删除第二个DNS(DNS2=8.8.8.8)

![image.png][image.png 15]

## linux 关闭virbr0网卡 ##

ifconfig virbr0 down 						#关闭virbr0网卡
    brctl delbr virbr0  						#删除virbr0网卡
    systemctl disable libvirtd.service  		#因为虚拟网卡是libvirtd服务创建的，而该服务在Linux中没有太大用处

![image.png][image.png 16]

![image.png][image.png 17]

[image.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/27/e6e84371d1d54290bd25e729ce991511.png
[image.png 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/4b10beb7a297f6b30bb61336da0e14ca.png
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[image.png 12]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/27/909e2dc184664f5fa2fc08bdf6329b1f.png
[image.png 13]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/27/c1881f4e7bf449f482d4f5d78e7fcfd4.png
[image.png 14]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/27/55ca9aa46d9a4936a3c12d291acff15f.png
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[image.png 16]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/27/29c05801261948f5a5f4244cb551865b.png
[image.png 17]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/27/000c1c71218c4a05bd648e04e887e12e.png