ls命令详解

电玩女神 2024-03-27 09:10 62阅读 0赞

用法：ls \[选项\]… \[文件\]…

必选参数对长短选项同时适用。  
\-a, --all 不隐藏任何以. 开始的项目  
\-A, --almost-all 列出除. 及… 以外的任何项目  
–author 与-l 同时使用时列出每个文件的作者  
\-b, --escape 以八进制溢出序列表示不可打印的字符  
–block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,  
‘–block-size=M’ prints sizes in units of  
1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below  
\-B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~  
\-c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last  
modification of file status information);  
with -l: show ctime and sort by name;  
otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first  
\-C list entries by columns  
–color\[=WHEN\] colorize the output; WHEN can be ‘always’ (default  
if omitted), ‘auto’, or ‘never’; more info below  
\-d, --directory list directories themselves, not their contents  
\-D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs’ dired mode  
\-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color  
\-F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries  
–file-type likewise, except do not append '*’  
–format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,  
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C  
–full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso  
\-g 类似-l，但不列出所有者  
–group-directories-first  
group directories before files;  
can be augmented with a --sort option, but any  
use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping  
\-G, --no-group in a long listing, don’t print group names  
\-h, --human-readable with -l and/or -s, print human readable sizes  
(e.g., 1K 234M 2G)  
–si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024  
\-H, --dereference-command-line  
follow symbolic links listed on the command line  
–dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir  
follow each command line symbolic link  
that points to a directory  
–hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN  
(overridden by -a or -A)  
–indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:  
none (default), slash (-p),  
file-type (–file-type), classify (-F)  
\-i, --inode print the index number of each file  
\-I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN  
\-k, --kibibytes default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage  
\-l 使用较长格式列出信息  
\-L, --dereference 当显示符号链接的文件信息时，显示符号链接所指示  
的对象而并非符号链接本身的信息  
\-m 所有项目以逗号分隔，并填满整行行宽  
\-n, --numeric-uid-gid 类似 -l，但列出UID 及GID 号  
\-N, --literal 输出未经处理的项目名称 (如不特别处理控制字符)  
\-o 类似 -l，但不列出有关组的信息  
\-p, --indicator-style=slash 对目录加上表示符号"/"  
\-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of nongraphic characters  
–show-control-chars show nongraphic characters as-is (the default,  
unless program is ‘ls’ and output is a terminal)  
\-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes  
–quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:  
literal, locale, shell, shell-always,  
shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape  
\-r, --reverse 逆序排列  
\-R, --recursive 递归显示子目录  
\-s, --size 以块数形式显示每个文件分配的尺寸  
\-S sort by file size, largest first  
–sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S),  
time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X)  
–time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of default  
modification time: atime or access or use (-u);  
ctime or status (-c); also use specified time  
as sort key if --sort=time (newest first)  
–time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:  
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT;  
FORMAT is interpreted like in ‘date’; if FORMAT  
is FORMAT1FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies  
to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;  
if STYLE is prefixed with ‘posix-’, STYLE  
takes effect only outside the POSIX locale  
\-t sort by modification time, newest first  
\-T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8  
\-u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time;  
with -l: show access time and sort by name;  
otherwise: sort by access time, newest first  
\-U do not sort; list entries in directory order  
\-v natural sort of (version) numbers within text  
\-w, --width=COLS set output width to COLS. 0 means no limit  
\-x list entries by lines instead of by columns  
\-X sort alphabetically by entry extension  
\-Z, --context print any security context of each file  
\-1 list one file per line. Avoid ‘\\n’ with -q or -b  
–help 显示此帮助信息并退出  
–version 显示版本信息并退出

The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10\*1024).  
Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,… (powers of 1000).

使用色彩来区分文件类型的功能已被禁用，默认设置和 --color=never 同时禁用了它。  
使用 --color=auto 选项，ls 只在标准输出被连至终端时才生成颜色代码。  
LS\_COLORS 环境变量可改变此设置，可使用 dircolors 命令来设置。

退出状态：  
0 正常  
1 一般问题 (例如：无法访问子文件夹)  
2 严重问题 (例如：无法使用命令行参数)