【java】java天气消息推送至微信公众号详细教程

忘是亡心i 2024-03-26 17:03 58阅读 0赞

#### 文章目录 ####

*  读前必看
 *  测试号推送
 *  天气接口获取数据

> 谁说程序员不懂浪漫? 将你的关心 推送至微信公众号 给女朋友及时的关怀~（这位同学 你女朋友呢？）

## 读前必看 ##

关于微信开发平台，小程序和公众号是不一样的，而公众号又会区分订阅号、服务号、测试号，服务号会比订阅号拥有更多权限，而订阅号又区分是否个人主体，很不幸博主一开始在捣鼓的是个人主体的订阅号，试了半天，然后看到了文档 发现这类公众号什么权限都没有:  
![在这里插入图片描述][a5161a1d15fc404baf664b1bbf14bf6a.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][cbe80b574cbf49c39e165a1c410cdafe.jpeg]  
  
  
干得漂亮 … 当然 如果不是个人主体的订阅号 或者是服务号的同学，是可以在这页面继续认证的  
![在这里插入图片描述][eb95aeea02de43329c2fa4bf99aa1fea.png]

那既然这个什么都干不了，我们可以转战测试号，测试号有个很明显的弊端就是公众号名称很难看 还改不了。。。  
当然 相信同学们的对象(new Object() ) 是不会嫌弃的

**本文主要介绍测试号如何推送，当然 如果你的订阅号不是个人主体 也可以参考一下 基本是差不多的，但如果是个人主体，调用没权限的接口就会报48001。**

## 测试号推送 ##

1.  首先我们在微信公众号平台 https://mp.weixin.qq.com/ 找到开发者工具  
    选择公众平台测试账号  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][c3c5a44193da46f29ee4600c248380e7.jpeg]

这里需要注意的是 URL需要公网，如果没有服务器域名，我们可以使用免费的内网穿透软件 博主这里使用的是natapp，natapp可以将本地ip端口映射到公网域名

如下图 http://xxxx.xxfree.cc 其实就是127.0.0.1:8080(项目地址)映射的

/wx 是我们项目中的路径 也就是@RequestMapping(“/wx”)  
![在这里插入图片描述][0c722e85d4284c28b66191d7d0d019b7.png]

在提交前 我们需要服务端已经写好了接口 用于校验URL 代码如下：

import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.util.List;
    
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("/wx")
    public class WeChatUrlController {
        
    
     
    
        /**
         * 用于微信公众号平台URL校验
         * @param req
         * @param response
         * @throws Exception
         */
        @GetMapping
        public void weChatConnect(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        
            Signature sg = new Signature(
                    req.getParameter("signature"),
                    req.getParameter("timestamp"),
                    req.getParameter("nonce"),
                    req.getParameter("echostr"));
    
            ServletInputStream inputStream = req.getInputStream();
            String s = IOUtils.toString(inputStream, "UTF-8");
            System.out.println(s);
            String method = req.getMethod();
            // 如果是微信发过来的GET请求
            if ("GET".equals(method)) {
        
                if (CheckUtil.checkSignature(sg)) {
        
                    System.out.println("微信连接成功！");
                    response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
                    response.getWriter().write(sg.getEchostr());
                }
            }
    
        }
    
       
    }

public class Signature {
        
        private String signature;
        private String timestamp;
        private String nonce;
        private String echostr;
    
        public Signature() {
        
            super();
            // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
        }
    
        public Signature(String signature, String timestamp, String nonce, String echostr) {
        
            super();
            this.signature = signature;
            this.timestamp = timestamp;
            this.nonce = nonce;
            this.echostr = echostr;
        }
    
        public String getSignature() {
        
            return signature;
        }
    
        public void setSignature(String signature) {
        
            this.signature = signature;
        }
    
        public String getTimestamp() {
        
            return timestamp;
        }
    
        public void setTimestamp(String timestamp) {
        
            this.timestamp = timestamp;
        }
    
        public String getNonce() {
        
            return nonce;
        }
    
        public void setNonce(String nonce) {
        
            this.nonce = nonce;
        }
    
        public String getEchostr() {
        
            return echostr;
        }
    
        public void setEchostr(String echostr) {
        
            this.echostr = echostr;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
        
            return "Signature [signature=" + signature + ", timestamp=" + timestamp + ", nonce=" + nonce + ", echostr="
                    + echostr + "]";
        }
    }

import java.security.MessageDigest;
    import java.util.Arrays;
    
    public class CheckUtil {
        
    
    	// 换成你自己定义的token
        private static final String token = "xxxx";
    
        public static boolean checkSignature(Signature sg) {
        
    
            String[] arr = new String[] {
         token, sg.getTimestamp(), sg.getNonce() };
            // 排序
            Arrays.sort(arr);
            // 生成字符串
            StringBuffer content = new StringBuffer();
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
        
                content.append(arr[i]);
            }
    
            // sha1加密
            String temp = getSha1(content.toString());
            // 比较
            return temp.equals(sg.getSignature());
        }
    
        // 加密算法
        public static String getSha1(String str) {
        
            if (str == null || str.length() == 0) {
        
                return null;
            }
    
            char hexDigits[] = {
         '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' };
            try {
        
                MessageDigest mdTemp = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
                mdTemp.update(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));
                byte[] md = mdTemp.digest();
                int j = md.length;
                char buf[] = new char[j * 2];
                int k = 0;
    
                for (int i = 0; i < j; i++) {
        
                    byte byte0 = md[i];
                    buf[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 >>> 4 & 0xf];
                    buf[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 & 0xf];
                }
    
                return new String(buf);
            } catch (Exception e) {
        
                return null;
            }
    
        }
    }

1.  提交成功后 第二步就是获取用户的openId了
    
    我们可以引入一个starter 大幅度简化代码 不用再手动去调用url了
    
        <dependency>
                    <groupId>com.github.binarywang</groupId>
                    <artifactId>wx-java-mp-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                    <version>4.0.0</version>
                </dependency>
    
    获取openId的方法 我们同样写在WeChatUrlController, 完整代码变为如下：

import me.chanjar.weixin.mp.api.WxMpService;
    import me.chanjar.weixin.mp.api.WxMpUserService;
    import me.chanjar.weixin.mp.bean.result.WxMpUserList;
    import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.util.List;
    
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("/wx")
    public class WeChatUrlController {
        
    
        @Autowired
        private WxMpService wxMpService;
    
        /**
         * 用于微信公众号平台URL校验
         * @param req
         * @param response
         * @throws Exception
         */
        @GetMapping
        public void weChatConnect(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        
            Signature sg = new Signature(
                    req.getParameter("signature"),
                    req.getParameter("timestamp"),
                    req.getParameter("nonce"),
                    req.getParameter("echostr"));
    
            ServletInputStream inputStream = req.getInputStream();
            String s = IOUtils.toString(inputStream, "UTF-8");
            System.out.println(s);
            String method = req.getMethod();
            // 如果是微信发过来的GET请求
            if ("GET".equals(method)) {
        
                if (CheckUtil.checkSignature(sg)) {
        
                    System.out.println("微信连接成功！");
                    response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
                    response.getWriter().write(sg.getEchostr());
                }
            }
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取用户的 openId
         * @param req
         * @param response
         * @throws Exception
         */
        @PostMapping
        public void getUserInfo(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        
    
            // 方式一 获取所有关注该公众号的用户的openId
            WxMpUserService userService = wxMpService.getUserService();
            WxMpUserList wxMpUserList = userService.userList("");
            List<String> openIds = wxMpUserList.getOpenids();
            System.out.println(openIds);
    
            // 方式二  让用户在微信公众号发消息 会进入此接口 （POST请求  和我们设置的URL /wx 对应）
            ServletInputStream inputStream = req.getInputStream();
            String s = IOUtils.toString(inputStream, "UTF-8");
            // 打印结果中的 FromUserName节点 <FromUserName><![CDATA[x-xxxx]]></FromUserName>
            // x-xxxx就是openId了 
            System.out.println(s);
    
        }
    
    }

1.  设置消息模板 在设置URL的同个页面 往下翻 复制模板id  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][470a36754e814895a3201822eb235c25.jpeg]

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
    import com.qiuhuanhen.sendforyou.entity.WeChatTemplateMsg;
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    @Slf4j
    @Component
    public class Message {
        
    
        @PostConstruct
        @GetMapping("/sendMessage")
        public  String sendMessage() {
        
            // 模板参数
            Map<String, WeChatTemplateMsg> sendMag = new HashMap<String, WeChatTemplateMsg>();
    		// 需要替换成你自己的三个参数
            // openId代表一个唯一微信用户，即微信消息的接收人
            String openId = "x-xxx";
            // 消息模板id
            String templateId = "xxxx";
            // 微信的基础accessToken
            String accessToken =
                    "x-xx-xxx";
            String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=" + accessToken;
    
          	/**
          	 *  key和模板id相对应 这里取了两个key做测试 
          	 **/
            sendMag.put("temperatureDay", new WeChatTemplateMsg("111"));
            sendMag.put("weatherDay", new WeChatTemplateMsg("333"));
            RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
            //拼接base参数
            Map<String, Object> sendBody = new HashMap<>();
            sendBody.put("touser", openId);               // openId
            sendBody.put("url", "www.baidu.com");         // 点击模板信息跳转地址
            sendBody.put("topcolor", "#FF0000");          // 顶色
            sendBody.put("data", sendMag);                   // 模板参数
            sendBody.put("template_id", templateId );      // 模板Id
            ResponseEntity<String> forEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, sendBody, String.class);
            log.info("结果是: {}",forEntity.getBody());
            JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(forEntity.getBody());
            // 0
            String messageCode = jsonObject.getString("errcode");
            // 2431260672639467520
            String msgId = jsonObject.getString("msgid");
            System.out.println("messageCode : " + messageCode + ", msgId: " +msgId);
            return forEntity.getBody();
        }
    }

import lombok.*;
    
    @Data
    @EqualsAndHashCode
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class WeChatTemplateMsg {
        
        /** msg **/
        private String value;
        private String color;
    
        public WeChatTemplateMsg(String value) {
        
            this.value = value;
        }
    }

/**
         * 获取接口访问凭证
         *
         * @param appid 凭证
         * @param appsecret 密钥
         * @return
         */
        public static AccessToken getToken(String appid, String appsecret) {
        
            AccessToken token = null;
            String requestUrl = tokenUrl.replace("APPID", appid).replace("APPSECRET", appsecret);
            // 发起GET请求获取凭证
            JSONObject jsonObject = httpsRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);
    
            if (null != jsonObject) {
        
                try {
        
                    token = new AccessToken();
                    token.setAccessToken(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));
                    token.setExpiresIn(jsonObject.getInteger("expires_in"));
                } catch (JSONException e) {
        
                    token = null;
                    // 获取token失败
                    log.error("获取token失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", jsonObject.getInteger("errcode"), jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));
                }
            }
            return token;
        }

简易效果图：  
![在这里插入图片描述][6b4c3acf1c1d4b3aab80279051713d74.png]

我们的推送内容 可以是天气预报等等，天气预报推荐用高德开放平台，步骤也比较简单。

## 天气接口获取数据 ##

首先我们要去高德开放平台申请key

代码如下:

import lombok.Data;
    
    @Data
    public class Cast {
        
        private String date;
        private String week;
        private String dayWeather;
        private String nightWeather;
        private String dayTemp;
        private String nightTemp;
        private String dayWind;
        private String nightWind;
        private String dayPower;
        private String nightPower;
    }

import lombok.Data;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    
    @Data
    public class Forecast {
        
        private String city;
        private String adCode;
        private String province;
        private String reportTime;
        private ArrayList<Cast> casts;
    }

import lombok.Data;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    
    @Data
    public class WeatherDTO {
        
        private String status;
        private String count;
        private String info;
        private String infoCode;
        private ArrayList<Forecast> forecasts;
    }

@Component
    public class WeatherJob {
        
    
       
    
        /**
         * 高德开放平台key 需要替换成你自己的
         */
        String AMAP_KEY = "xxx";
    
        /**
         * city code (行政编码 身份证前6位)
         */
        String CITY_CODE = "440100";
    
        @Scheduled(cron = "0 0 10 * * ?")
        public void getWeather() throws IOException {
        
    
            String weatherUrl = "https://restapi.amap.com/v3/weather/weatherInfo?city=" + CITY_CODE + "&key=" + AMAP_KEY + "&extensions=all";
            StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
            BufferedReader in = null;
            try {
        
                URL url = new URL(weatherUrl);
                URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();
                in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
                String line;
                while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
        
                    result.append(line);
                }
                in.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
        
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
        
                if (null != in)
                    in.close();
    
            }
    
            WeatherDTO weatherDTO = JSON.parseObject(result.toString(), WeatherDTO.class);
            System.out.println(weatherDTO);
    
            Forecast forecast = weatherDTO.getForecasts().get(0);
            String city = forecast.getCity();
            String reportTime = forecast.getReportTime();
            ArrayList<Cast> casts = weatherDTO.getForecasts().get(0).getCasts();
            Cast today = casts.get(0);
            String todayDayWeather = today.getDayWeather();
            String todayNightWeather = today.getDayWeather();
            String todayDayTemp = today.getDayTemp();
            String todayNightTemp = today.getDayTemp();
            String todayDayPower = today.getDayPower();
            String todayNightPower = today.getDayPower();
    
            String currentReport = "【" + city + "】: 当前时间" + reportTime + "\n" + "[今日天气]：" +
                    "\n白天  " + todayDayWeather + " " + todayDayTemp + "°C" + " 风力" + todayDayPower + "级;" +
                    "\n晚上  " + todayNightWeather + " " + todayNightTemp + "°C" + " 风力" + todayNightPower + "级";
    
         
    
    }

[a5161a1d15fc404baf664b1bbf14bf6a.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/26/fe635068378440788beca106c1480237.png
[cbe80b574cbf49c39e165a1c410cdafe.jpeg]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/26/7ed350fc53c94cd0ad203406c98b519f.png
[eb95aeea02de43329c2fa4bf99aa1fea.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/26/f17198b6fac843fda5b68f6cef38c2a1.png
[c3c5a44193da46f29ee4600c248380e7.jpeg]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/26/54e5bbda99d342dabac62f50ad92b1cb.png
[0c722e85d4284c28b66191d7d0d019b7.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/26/d3bf30a7c40e4bb781201230dac20055.png
[470a36754e814895a3201822eb235c25.jpeg]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/26/0520ad9aec7346139031c56ebe782b91.png
[6b4c3acf1c1d4b3aab80279051713d74.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/26/68a91831ddd64d32b2d9a0f74ee3522c.png