Nginx教程安装

谁践踏了优雅 2024-03-25 10:04 57阅读 0赞

## **1、Linux 安装** ##

不管是使用的Windows虚拟机环境该是ubuntu操作系统，咱们都是基于Linux环境的安装。具体操作步骤如下。

### **1.1、更新Nginx安装包** ###

// 更新包sudo apt-get update
    // 下载安装nginxsudo apt-get install nginx

### **1.2、Ubuntu安装之后的文件结构大致为** ###

*  所有的配置文件都在/etc/nginx下，并且每个虚拟主机已经安排在了/etc/nginx/sites-available下

*  程序文件在/usr/sbin/nginx

*  日志放在了/var/log/nginx中

*  并已经在/etc/init.d/下创建了启动脚本nginx

*  默认的虚拟主机的目录设置在了/var/www/nginx-default (有的版本 默认的虚拟主机的目录设置在了/var/www, 请参考/etc/nginx/sites-available里的配置)

其实从上面的根目录文件夹可以知道，Linux系统的配置文件一般放在/etc，日志一般放在/var/log，运行的程序一般放在/usr/sbin或者/usr/bin。当然，如果要更清楚Nginx的配置项放在什么地方，可以打开/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 然后通过这种方式安装的，会自动创建服务，会自动在/etc/init.d/nginx新建服务脚本，然后就可以使用一下命令来启动。还有一个好处，创建好的文件由于放在/usr/sbin目录下，所以能直接在终端中使用nginx命令而无需指定路径。

sudo service nginx {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}

脚本如下：

#!/bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO
    # Provides:      nginx
    # Required-Start:    $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
    # Required-Stop:     $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
    # Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
    # Default-Stop:      0 1 6
    # Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
    # Description:       starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
    ### END INIT INFO
    
    PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
    DAEMON=/usr/sbin/nginx
    NAME=nginx
    DESC=nginx
    
    # Include nginx defaults if available
    if [ -r /etc/default/nginx ]; then
        . /etc/default/nginx
    fi
    
    STOP_SCHEDULE="${STOP_SCHEDULE:-QUIT/5/TERM/5/KILL/5}"
    
    test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
    
    . /lib/init/vars.sh
    . /lib/lsb/init-functions
    
    # Try to extract nginx pidfile
    PID=$(cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf | grep -Ev '^\s*#' | awk 'BEGIN { RS="[;{}]" } { if ($1 == "pid") print $2 }' | head -n1)
    if [ -z "$PID" ]; then
        PID=/run/nginx.pid
    fi
    
    if [ -n "$ULIMIT" ]; then
        # Set ulimit if it is set in /etc/default/nginx
        ulimit $ULIMIT
    fi
    
    start_nginx() {
        # Start the daemon/service
        #
        # Returns:
        #   0 if daemon has been started
        #   1 if daemon was already running
        #   2 if daemon could not be started
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
            || return 1
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON -- \
            $DAEMON_OPTS 2>/dev/null \
            || return 2
    }
    
    test_config() {
        # Test the nginx configuration
        $DAEMON -t $DAEMON_OPTS >/dev/null 2>&1
    }
    
    stop_nginx() {
        # Stops the daemon/service
        #
        # Return
        #   0 if daemon has been stopped
        #   1 if daemon was already stopped
        #   2 if daemon could not be stopped
        #   other if a failure occurred
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=$STOP_SCHEDULE --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
        RETVAL="$?"
        sleep 1
        return "$RETVAL"
    }
    
    reload_nginx() {
        # Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service
        start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
        return 0
    }
    
    rotate_logs() {
        # Rotate log files
        start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR1 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
        return 0
    }
    
    upgrade_nginx() {
        # Online upgrade nginx executable
        # http://nginx.org/en/docs/control.html
        #
        # Return
        #   0 if nginx has been successfully upgraded
        #   1 if nginx is not running
        #   2 if the pid files were not created on time
        #   3 if the old master could not be killed
        if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR2 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME; then
            # Wait for both old and new master to write their pid file
            while [ ! -s "${PID}.oldbin" ] || [ ! -s "${PID}" ]; do
                cnt=`expr $cnt + 1`
                if [ $cnt -gt 10 ]; then
                    return 2
                fi
                sleep 1
            done
            # Everything is ready, gracefully stop the old master
            if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal QUIT --quiet --pidfile "${PID}.oldbin" --name $NAME; then
                return 0
            else
                return 3
            fi
        else
            return 1
        fi
    }
    
    case "$1" in
        start)
            log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
            start_nginx
            case "$?" in
                0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
                2)   log_end_msg 1 ;;
            esac
            ;;
        stop)
            log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
            stop_nginx
            case "$?" in
                0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
                2)   log_end_msg 1 ;;
            esac
            ;;
        restart)
            log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"
    
            # Check configuration before stopping nginx
            if ! test_config; then
                log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
                exit $?
            fi
    
            stop_nginx
            case "$?" in
                0|1)
                    start_nginx
                    case "$?" in
                        0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
                        1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
                        *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
                    esac
                    ;;
                *)
                    # Failed to stop
                    log_end_msg 1
                    ;;
            esac
            ;;
        reload|force-reload)
            log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration" "$NAME"
    
            # Check configuration before stopping nginx
            #
            # This is not entirely correct since the on-disk nginx binary
            # may differ from the in-memory one, but that's not common.
            # We prefer to check the configuration and return an error
            # to the administrator.
            if ! test_config; then
                log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
                exit $?
            fi
    
            reload_nginx
            log_end_msg $?
            ;;
        configtest|testconfig)
            log_daemon_msg "Testing $DESC configuration"
            test_config
            log_end_msg $?
            ;;
        status)
            status_of_proc -p $PID "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?
            ;;
        upgrade)
            log_daemon_msg "Upgrading binary" "$NAME"
            upgrade_nginx
            log_end_msg $?
            ;;
        rotate)
            log_daemon_msg "Re-opening $DESC log files" "$NAME"
            rotate_logs
            log_end_msg $?
            ;;
        *)
            echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}" >&2
            exit 3
            ;;
    esac

### **1.3、测试安装是否成功** ###

在命令行中输入：

sudo nginx -t

窗口显示：

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

安装成功，则在浏览器输入IP地址，如下图即为安装成功：

![f38a94b016582100ec4202c4e83ccd42.png][]

### **1.4、卸载** ###

#### **1.4.1、停止nginx服务** ####

sudo service nginx stop

#### **1.4.2、删除nginx，-purge包括配置文件** ####

sudo apt-get --purge remove nginx

#### **1.4.3、移除全部不使用的软件包** ####

sudo apt-get autoremove

#### **1.4.4、罗列出与nginx相关的软件并删除** ####

dpkg --get-selections|grep nginx
    sudo apt-get --purge remove nginx
    sudo apt-get --purge remove nginx-common
    sudo apt-get --purge remove nginx-core

#### **1.4.5、查看nginx正在运行的进程，如果有就kill掉** ####

ps -ef |grep nginx
    sudo kill -9 XXX

## **2、mac Docker安装** ##

相比较于Linux安装，使用容器就比较快捷。在我的另一篇博客中我有详细描述使用docker安装Nginx，大家可以进行参考。传送门：[https://blog.csdn.net/lly576403061/article/details/129419317?spm=1001.2][https_blog.csdn.net_lly576403061_article_details_129419317_spm_1001.2][014.3001.5502][https_blog.csdn.net_lly576403061_article_details_129419317_spm_1001.2]

[f38a94b016582100ec4202c4e83ccd42.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/25/01a7ce462a9146ae893af0ba94778706.png
[https_blog.csdn.net_lly576403061_article_details_129419317_spm_1001.2]: https://blog.csdn.net/lly576403061/article/details/129419317?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502