Python调用外部电商API的详细步骤

﹏ヽ暗。殇╰゛Y 2024-03-23 19:14 51阅读 0赞

Python是一种高级编程语言，非常适合用于集成API，即应用程序编程接口。API通常是由网站和各种软件提供的接口，可以让不同的程序之间进行数据交换和通信。在Python中调用API，可以帮助我们轻松地获取数据，并将其整合到我们的应用程序中。

在这篇文章中，我们将介绍Python中如何调用API，以及在实际项目中如何应用它。我们的例子是调用item\_get获取淘宝商品详情数据的API，一个提供各大电商数据接口的在线服务。

步骤1：注册并获取API密钥

大多数API会要求你注册，然后提供API密钥以访问其数据。在OpenAPI中，你需要前往网站\_https://o0b.cn/jennif\_进行注册并获取API密钥。登陆后，您会看到您的API key。

步骤2：安装requests模块

requests模块是Python中使用API的重要工具。如果从未安装过，请在终端或命令行中运行“pip install requests”来安装requests模块。

步骤3：构建API请求

通过使用requests模块中的get()方法发送HTTP GET请求来探索API。例如，要获取淘宝商品详情数据，请使用以下代码：

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 </td> 
 <td> <pre># coding:utf-8
"""
Compatible for python2.x and python3.x
requirement: pip install requests
"""
from __future__ import print_function
import requests
# 请求示例 url 默认请求参数已经做URL编码
url = "https://api-服务器.cn/taobao/item_get/?key=&lt;your_api_key&gt;&amp;secret=&lt;your_apiSecret&gt;&amp;num_iid=652874751412&amp;is_promotion=1"
headers = {
 "Accept-Encoding": "gzip",
 "Connection": "close"
}
if __name__ == "__main__":
 r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
 json_obj = r.json()
 print(json_obj)</pre> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

您需要将您的API key替换“\{your\_api\_key\}” 然后将城市名称代入到url中。 运行这段代码，我们即可获得item\_get API返回的JSON格式的淘宝商品详情数据。

步骤4：解读API响应

API响应通常是在JSON格式中返回的。这些响应包含有关API请求的信息，例如成功或失败消息，以及我们需要的数据。 在上面的代码中，我们将API响应解析为JSON，并将其存储在变量“item”中。我们可以访问其中的具体数据元素，如商品标题、库存、销量、价格等。

"item": {
 		"num_iid": "652874751412",
 		"title": "北欧轻奢布艺沙发 小户型简约现代客厅ins风网红款三双人订制沙发",
 		"desc_short": "",
 		"price": "480.00",
 		"total_price": 0,
 		"suggestive_price": 0,
 		"orginal_price": "480.00",
 		"nick": "惜情yqq1127",
 		"num": "200",
 		"min_num": 0,
 		"detail_url": "https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?id=652874751412",
 		"pic_url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN01aYBriY1Jem9UDtt9e_!!2568161054.jpg",
 		"brand": "#0 工厂",
 		"brandId": "1435187098",
 		"rootCatId": "50008164",
 		"cid": "50020632",
 		"crumbs": [],
 		"created_time": "",
 		"modified_time": "",
 		"delist_time": "",
 		"desc": "<img size=\"27893\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN01LFmSOU1Jem9QOjMPb_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"132455\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN014vyOOT1Jem9DpHz3Y_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"2455\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN01B3PpsA1Jem9N8V7uf_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"117664\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/2568161054/O1CN015JbyeY1Jem9MZshUt_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"16674\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN01HXSoxx1Jem9RvgzHN_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"96260\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN01IEultA1Jem9MdEx8R_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"13573\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN0176K98O1Jem9QOjE69_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"110974\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN013Pxp1O1Jem9RvgeTv_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"104198\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN01SfyZ8M1Jem9QOi1Gx_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"576580\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN01bb1POa1Jem9Sdgve2_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"676617\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN018Eo9dV1Jem9KV0y79_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"9125\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN01vuEofr1Jem9Nzy9xY_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"107197\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN01qw9sAi1Jem8wkNKpy_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"198877\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN01HeFhFw1Jem8rLnjBY_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"71423\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/2568161054/O1CN01SNgjoi1Jem9QOil15_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"37628\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/2568161054/O1CN01RXf3RA1Jem9DpHVwj_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"170889\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN01gZmZjt1Jem9ISThgm_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"6378\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/2568161054/O1CN01YL0FHM1Jem9PQTjX9_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"212074\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN01UhsEhZ1Jem8yvJIhZ_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img src=\"https://www.o0b.cn/i.php?t.png&rid=gw-4.64d05ab0706cc&p=1778786465&k=i_key&t=1691376306\" style=\"display:none\" />",
 		"desc_img": [],
 		"item_imgs": [
 			{
 				"url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN01aYBriY1Jem9UDtt9e_!!2568161054.jpg"
 			},
 			{
 				"url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN01kjOfNb1Jem9DmWn8Y_!!2568161054.jpg"
 			},
 			{
 				"url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN01HoB9ha1Jem9DmWn8r_!!2568161054.jpg"
 			},
 			{
 				"url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN011PjP2P1Jem9MXEUFT_!!2568161054.jpg"
 			},
 			{
 				"url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN01KUfBFL1Jem9KTTMn1_!!2568161054.jpg"
 			}
 		],
 		"item_weight": "",
 		"item_size": "",
 		"location": "江苏南通",
 		"post_fee": "",
 		"express_fee": null,
 		"ems_fee": "",
 		"shipping_to": "",
 		"has_discount": "false",
 		"video": {
 			"url": null
 		},
 		"is_virtual": "",
 		"sample_id": "",
 		"is_promotion": "false",
 		"props_name": "31480:14306495906:几人坐:脚踏90*60*48cm;31480:14306495907:几人坐:双人165*95*67cm;31480:14306495908:几人坐:三人210*95*67cm;31480:14306495909:几人坐:单人100*95*67cm;31480:21480914361:几人坐:四人位240*95*67cm;31480:21480914362:几人坐:大四人320*95*76cm;31480:1387571900:几人坐:3米贵妃沙发;31480:32527954:几人坐:定制尺寸;1627207:28321:颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制",
 		"prop_imgs": {
 			"prop_img": [
 				{
 					"properties": "1627207:28321",
 					"url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN017GTZ4h1Jem9Qra1ap_!!2568161054.jpg"
 				}
 			]
 		},
 		"property_alias": "",
 		"props": [
 			{
 				"name": "品牌",
 				"value": "#0 工厂"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "型号",
 				"value": "520"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "材质",
 				"value": "木"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "木质材质",
 				"value": "松木"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "面料",
 				"value": "绒布"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "风格",
 				"value": "北欧"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "几人坐",
 				"value": "脚踏90*60*48cm,双人165*95*67cm,三人210*95*67cm,单人100*95*67cm,四人位240*95*67cm,大四人320*95*76cm,3米贵妃沙发,定制尺寸"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "颜色分类",
 				"value": "乳白色"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "填充物",
 				"value": "海绵"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "结构工艺",
 				"value": "木质工艺"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "是否可定制",
 				"value": "是"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "沙发组合形式",
 				"value": "U形"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "是否可拆洗",
 				"value": "是"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "适用对象",
 				"value": "成年人"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "是否带储物空间",
 				"value": "否"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "产地",
 				"value": "上海"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "地市",
 				"value": "上海市"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "区县",
 				"value": "奉贤区"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "是否组装",
 				"value": "否"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "出租车是否可运输",
 				"value": "否"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "填充物硬度",
 				"value": "软"
 			},
 			{
 				"name": "款式定位",
 				"value": "经济型"
 			}
 		],
 		"total_sold": "626",
 		"skus": {
 			"sku": [
 				{
 					"price": "480",
 					"total_price": 0,
 					"orginal_price": "480",
 					"properties": "31480:14306495906;1627207:28321",
 					"properties_name": "31480:14306495906:几人坐:脚踏90*60*48cm;1627207:28321:颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制",
 					"quantity": "200",
 					"sku_id": "4881047531343"
 				},
 				{
 					"price": "1688",
 					"total_price": 0,
 					"orginal_price": "1688",
 					"properties": "31480:14306495907;1627207:28321",
 					"properties_name": "31480:14306495907:几人坐:双人165*95*67cm;1627207:28321:颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制",
 					"quantity": "139",
 					"sku_id": "4881047531344"
 				},
 				{
 					"price": "2088",
 					"total_price": 0,
 					"orginal_price": "2088",
 					"properties": "31480:14306495908;1627207:28321",
 					"properties_name": "31480:14306495908:几人坐:三人210*95*67cm;1627207:28321:颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制",
 					"quantity": "200",
 					"sku_id": "4881047531345"
 				},
 				{
 					"price": "968",
 					"total_price": 0,
 					"orginal_price": "968",
 					"properties": "31480:14306495909;1627207:28321",
 					"properties_name": "31480:14306495909:几人坐:单人100*95*67cm;1627207:28321:颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制",
 					"quantity": "200",
 					"sku_id": "4881047531346"
 				},
 				{
 					"price": "2388",
 					"total_price": 0,
 					"orginal_price": "2388",
 					"properties": "31480:21480914361;1627207:28321",
 					"properties_name": "31480:21480914361:几人坐:四人位240*95*67cm;1627207:28321:颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制",
 					"quantity": "200",
 					"sku_id": "5039985183001"
 				},
 				{
 					"price": "3188",
 					"total_price": 0,
 					"orginal_price": "3188",
 					"properties": "31480:21480914362;1627207:28321",
 					"properties_name": "31480:21480914362:几人坐:大四人320*95*76cm;1627207:28321:颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制",
 					"quantity": "200",
 					"sku_id": "5039985183002"
 				},
 				{
 					"price": "3400",
 					"total_price": 0,
 					"orginal_price": "3400",
 					"properties": "31480:1387571900;1627207:28321",
 					"properties_name": "31480:1387571900:几人坐:3米贵妃沙发;1627207:28321:颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制",
 					"quantity": "200",
 					"sku_id": "5039984824000"
 				},
 				{
 					"price": "3000",
 					"total_price": 0,
 					"orginal_price": "3000",
 					"properties": "31480:32527954;1627207:28321",
 					"properties_name": "31480:32527954:几人坐:定制尺寸;1627207:28321:颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制",
 					"quantity": "200",
 					"sku_id": "5039985183003"
 				}
 			]
 		},
 		"seller_id": "2568161054",
 		"sales": 33,
 		"shop_id": "567158267",
 		"props_list": {
 			"31480:14306495906": "几人坐:脚踏90*60*48cm",
 			"31480:14306495907": "几人坐:双人165*95*67cm",
 			"31480:14306495908": "几人坐:三人210*95*67cm",
 			"31480:14306495909": "几人坐:单人100*95*67cm",
 			"31480:21480914361": "几人坐:四人位240*95*67cm",
 			"31480:21480914362": "几人坐:大四人320*95*76cm",
 			"31480:1387571900": "几人坐:3米贵妃沙发",
 			"31480:32527954": "几人坐:定制尺寸",
 			"1627207:28321": "颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制"
 		},
 		"seller_info": {
 			"nick": "惜情yqq1127",
 			"item_score": "4.9 ",
 			"score_p": "4.9 ",
 			"delivery_score": "4.9 ",
 			"shop_type": "C",
 			"user_num_id": "2568161054",
 			"sid": "567158267",
 			"title": "现代布艺沙发",
 			"zhuy": "https://shop567158267.taobao.com/",
 			"shop_name": "现代布艺沙发"
 		},
 		"tmall": false,
 		"error": "",
 		"warning": "",
 		"url_log": [],
 		"fav_count": "7948",
 		"fans_count": "680",
 		"freight": "平邮: 快递包邮",
 		"props_imgs": {
 			"prop_img": [
 				{
 					"properties": "1627207:28321",
 					"url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN017GTZ4h1Jem9Qra1ap_!!2568161054.jpg"
 				}
 			]
 		},
 		"_ddf": "xdl",
 		"promo_type": null,
 		"props_img": {
 			"1627207:28321": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN017GTZ4h1Jem9Qra1ap_!!2568161054.jpg"
 		},
 		"format_check": "ok",
 		"shop_item": [],
 		"relate_items": []
 	},

步骤5：将获取的数据应用到您的应用程序

最后，我们需要将获取的数据应用到我们的应用程序中。 这可以通过使用从API响应中提取的数据来完成。

以下是一个完整调用OpenWeatherMap API并显示天气的Python脚本：

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 </td> 
 <td> <code>import</code> <code>requests</code> <code>import</code> <code>tkinter as tk</code> <code>HEIGHT </code><code>=</code> <code>500</code> <code>WIDTH </code><code>=</code> <code>600</code> <code>def</code> <code>get_weather(city):</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>url </code><code>=</code> <code>"http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={}&amp;appid={}"</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>api_key </code><code>=</code> <code>"{your_api_key}"</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>response </code><code>=</code> <code>requests.get(url.</code><code>format</code><code>(city, api_key))</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>if</code> <code>response.status_code </code><code>=</code><code>=</code> <code>200</code><code>:</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>data </code><code>=</code> <code>response.json()</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>name </code><code>=</code> <code>data[</code><code>'name'</code><code>]</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>desc </code><code>=</code> <code>data[</code><code>'weather'</code><code>][</code><code>0</code><code>][</code><code>'description'</code><code>]</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>temp </code><code>=</code> <code>data[</code><code>'main'</code><code>][</code><code>'temp'</code><code>]</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>humidity </code><code>=</code> <code>data[</code><code>'main'</code><code>][</code><code>'humidity'</code><code>]</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>wind_speed </code><code>=</code> <code>data[</code><code>'wind'</code><code>][</code><code>'speed'</code><code>]</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>label[</code><code>'text'</code><code>] </code><code>=</code> <code>'City: </code><code>%</code><code>s</code> <code>Conditions: </code><code>%</code><code>s</code> <code>Temperature (Celsius): </code><code>%</code><code>s</code> <code>Humidity: </code><code>%</code><code>s</code> <code>Wind Speed(kmph): </code><code>%</code><code>s' </code><code>%</code> <code>(name, desc, temp</code><code>-</code><code>273.15</code><code>, humidity, wind_speed)</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>else</code><code>:</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>label[</code><code>'text'</code><code>] </code><code>=</code> <code>'Error fetching data from API'</code> <code>def</code> <code>display_weather():</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>city </code><code>=</code> <code>city_entry.get()</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>get_weather(city)</code> <code>root </code><code>=</code> <code>tk.Tk()</code> <code>canvas </code><code>=</code> <code>tk.Canvas(root, height</code><code>=</code><code>HEIGHT, width</code><code>=</code><code>WIDTH)</code> <code>canvas.pack()</code> <code>frame </code><code>=</code> <code>tk.Frame(root, bg</code><code>=</code><code>'#80c1ff'</code><code>, bd</code><code>=</code><code>5</code><code>)</code> <code>frame.place(relx</code><code>=</code><code>0.5</code><code>, rely</code><code>=</code><code>0.1</code><code>, relwidth</code><code>=</code><code>0.75</code><code>, relheight</code><code>=</code><code>0.1</code><code>, anchor</code><code>=</code><code>'n'</code><code>)</code> <code>city_entry </code><code>=</code> <code>tk.Entry(frame, font</code><code>=</code><code>40</code><code>)</code> <code>city_entry.place(relwidth</code><code>=</code><code>0.65</code><code>, relheight</code><code>=</code><code>1</code><code>)</code> <code>button </code><code>=</code> <code>tk.Button(frame, text</code><code>=</code><code>"Get Weather"</code><code>, font</code><code>=</code><code>40</code><code>, command</code><code>=</code><code>display_weather)</code> <code>button.place(relx</code><code>=</code><code>0.7</code><code>, relheight</code><code>=</code><code>1</code><code>, relwidth</code><code>=</code><code>0.3</code><code>)</code> <code>lower_frame </code><code>=</code> <code>tk.Frame(root, bg</code><code>=</code><code>'#80c1ff'</code><code>, bd</code><code>=</code><code>10</code><code>)</code> <code>lower_frame.place(relx</code><code>=</code><code>0.5</code><code>, rely</code><code>=</code><code>0.3</code><code>, relwidth</code><code>=</code><code>0.75</code><code>, relheight</code><code>=</code><code>0.5</code><code>, anchor</code><code>=</code><code>'n'</code><code>)</code> <code>label </code><code>=</code> <code>tk.Label(lower_frame, font</code><code>=</code><code>(</code><code>'Courier'</code><code>, </code><code>18</code><code>))</code> <code>label.place(relwidth</code><code>=</code><code>1</code><code>, relheight</code><code>=</code><code>1</code><code>)</code> <code>root.mainloop()</code> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

这个Python脚本使用TKinter库构建了一个简单的GUI，允许用户输入城市名称，然后在屏幕上显示有关该城市的天气数据。 这正是API调用的核心思想——与其他应用程序通信获取数据，然后在您的应用程序中使用它。

结论

在Python中，使用API获取数据非常简单。步骤包括注册并获得API密钥，安装requests模块，构建API请求，解析API响应和将数据用于您的应用程序中。通过调用API，您可以轻松获取任何您需要的数据， 并将其整合到您的Python应用程序中。