【业务功能篇55】Springboot+easyPOI 导入导出

左手的ㄟ右手 2024-03-22 21:43 63阅读 0赞

**Apache POI是Apache软件基金会的开源项目，POI提供API给Java程序对Microsoft Office格式档案读和写的功能。**

> **Apache POI 代码实现复杂，学习成本较高。**

**Easypoi 功能如同名字easy,主打的功能就是容易,让一个没见接触过poi的人员 就可以方便的写出Excel导出,Excel模板导出,Excel导入,Word模板导出,通过简单的注解和模板 语言(熟悉的表达式语法),完成以前复杂的写法**

**EasyPOI官网：**[EasyPoi教程\_V1.0][EasyPoi_V1.0]

####  ####

### 环境搭建 ###

**1）搭建springboot项目**

**2）导入依赖**

<dependency>
                <groupId>cn.afterturn</groupId>
                <artifactId>easypoi-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>4.2.0</version>
            </dependency>

####  ####

### EasyPOI相关注解 ###

**easypoi 起因就是Excel的导入导出,最初的模板是实体和Excel的对应,model--row,filed--col 这样利用注解我们可以和容易做到excel到导入导出 经过一段时间发展,现在注解有5个类分别是**

*  **@Excel 作用到filed上面,是对Excel一列的一个描述**
 *  **@ExcelCollection 表示一个集合,主要针对一对多的导出,比如一个老师对应多个科目,科目就可以用集合表示**
 *  **@ExcelEntity 表示一个继续深入导出的实体,但他没有太多的实际意义,只是告诉系统这个对象里面同样有导出的字段**
 *  **@ExcelIgnore 和名字一样表示这个字段被忽略跳过这个导导出**
 *  **@ExcelTarget 这个是作用于最外层的对象,描述这个对象的id,以便支持一个对象可以针对不同导出做出不同处理**

#### @ExcelTarget ####

**1.说明**

> \- 用在实体类上标识是一个可以通过EasyPOI导入导出的实体类  
> \- 相关属性:  
> value: \[String\]\[定义id唯一标识,不能重复\] \`常用\`  
> height: \[Double\]\[定义单元格高度\]  
> fontSize:\[short \]\[定义单元格字体大小\]

**2.使用**

@ExcelTarget("users")
    public class User implements Serializable {
     //..... 省略属性 相关GET,SET方法
    }

####  ####

#### @Excel ####

> \# 1.说明  
> \- 用在filed(属性)上面,是对Excel一列的一个描述  
> \- 常用属性:  
> name : \[String\]\[生成Excel表格中列名\]  
> needMerge: \[boolean\]\[是否需要纵向合并单元格(用于含有list中,单个的单元格,合并list创建的多个row)\]  
> orderNum : \[String\]\[指定生成Excel中列的顺序,按照数字自然顺序排序\]  
> savePath : \[String\]\[指定导入Excel中图片的保存路径\]  
> type : \[String\]\[导出类型 1 是文本 2 是图片,3 是函数,10 是数字 默认是文本\]  
> width : \[Double\]\[指定导出Excel时列的宽度\]  
> isImportField: \[boolean\]\[是否是导入字段,如果没有说明是错误的Excel\]  
> exportFormat: \[String\]\[导出Excel的时间格式\]  
> importFormat: \[String\]\[导入Excel的时间格式\]  
> format : \[String\]\[相当于同时设置了exportFormat和importFormat\]  
> imageType: \[int \]\[导出类型 1 从file读取 2 是从数据库中读取 默认是文件 同样导入也是一样的\]  
> suffix : \[String\]\[文字后缀,如% 90 变成90%\]

**2.使用**

public class User implements Serializable {
    
        @Excel(name="编号",orderNum="1",replace = {"xxx_1","nnn_2"})
        private String id;
        
        @Excel(name="姓名",orderNum="2")
        private String name;
    
        @Excel(name="年龄",orderNum="4",suffix = " $")
        private Integer age;
    
        @Excel(name="生日",orderNum = "3",width = 20.0,exportFormat = "yyyy年MM月dd日")
        private Date bir;
      //...省略GET、SET方法
    }

#### @ExcelEntity ####

**1.说明**

> **- 标记是不是导出excel 标记为实体类,一遍是一个内部属性类,标记是否继续穿透  
> \- 常用属性:  
> name: \[String\]\[定义唯一标识\]**

**2.使用**

@ExcelTarget("users")
    public class User implements Serializable {
    //... 省略GET SET和其他属性
        @ExcelEntity(name="身份信息")
        private Card card;
    }
    
    @ExcelTarget("card")
    public class Card  implements Serializable {
        @Excel(name="身份证号",orderNum = "6")
        private String id;
        @Excel(name="家庭住址",orderNum = "7")
        private String address;
    }

#### @ExcelCollection ####

#### **1.说明** ####

> ###### **- 一对多的集合注解,用以标记集合是否被数据以及集合的整体排序   \- 常用属性:   name: \[String\]\[定义集合列名\]   orderNum:\[int\]\[用来指定导出excel集合内列的顺序\]   type: \[Class\\<?>\]\[用来指定导出是创建对象类型\]** ######

**2.使用**

@ExcelTarget("users")
    public class User implements Serializable {    
      //....省略GET SET其他属性
    @ExcelCollection(name="订单",orderNum = "5")
        private List<Order> orders;
    }
    
    @ExcelTarget("orders")
    public class Order implements Serializable {
    //....省略GET SET方法
        @Excel(name = "订单编号")
        private String id;
        @Excel(name = "订单名称")
        private String name;
    }

#### @ExcelIgnore ####

**.说明**

*  **用在属性上，导出Excel时忽略这个属性**

--------------------

### 导出Excel ###

#### 导出基本数据 ####

> **注意:导出Excel的对象必须实现对象序列化接口**

**1）定义对象**

@Data
    @ExcelTarget("users")
    public class User implements Serializable {
    
        @ExcelIgnore
        @Excel(name="编号",orderNum="1")
        private String id;
    
        @Excel(name="姓名",orderNum="2")
        private String name;
    
        @Excel(name="年龄",orderNum="3",suffix = " &")
        private Integer age;
    
        @Excel(name="生日",orderNum="4",width = 35.0,format = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
        private Date birthday;
    
        @Excel(name ="状态" ,orderNum="5",replace = {"激活_1","未激活_0"})
        private String status;
    }

**2）定义测试数据**

public List<User> getUsers(){
    
            List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();
    
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                User user = new User();
                user.setId(String.valueOf(i));
                user.setName("向阳");
                user.setAge(16+i);
                user.setBirthday(new Date());
                user.setStatus(String.valueOf(i%2));
                users.add(user);
            }
    
            return users;
        }

**3）导出Excel**

@Test
        public void testExport() throws Exception {
    
            //1.配置对象 2.导出类型 3.导出数据集合
            Workbook workbook = ExcelExportUtil.exportExcel(new ExportParams("用户列表", "测试"), User.class, getUsers());
    
            FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\86187\\Desktop\\user.xls");
            workbook.write(outputStream);
    
            outputStream.close();
            workbook.close();
        }

**4）查看Excel**

![5750a12bdff649ddb26e8a062067d6b1.png][]

#### 导出List集合 ####

**1）说明**

> `- 往往有时候导出的对象中含有数组或者集合,需要导出这样的数据可以直接使用@Excel进行导出`

###### **2）使用** ######

@Data
    @ExcelTarget("users")
    public class User implements Serializable {
    
        @Excel(name = "爱好",width=20.0,orderNum = "6")
        private List<String> hobby;
    }

![07726c967f244607be4155c83ae1bd76.png][]

3**) 改换格式**

//    @Excel(name = "爱好",width=20.0,orderNum = "6")
        @ExcelIgnore
        private List<String> hobby;
    
        @Excel(name = "爱好",width=20.0,orderNum = "6")
        private String hobbystr;
    
        //自定义格式
        public String getHobbystr() {
    
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            this.hobby.forEach(s -> sb.append(s).append("、") );
    
            return sb.toString();
        }

![cd33eda0af274de4befa546e01c86943.png][]

#### 导出对象中含有的对象 ####

*  `- 导出对象中含有对象的Excel`

@Data
    @ExcelTarget("users")
    public class User implements Serializable {
    
        //定义对象
        @ExcelEntity(name="card")
        private Card card;
    }
    
    @ExcelTarget("card")
    public class Card  implements Serializable {
        @Excel(name="身份证号",orderNum = "6")
        private String id;
        @Excel(name="家庭住址",orderNum = "7")
        private String address;
    }

*  **为导出对象赋值**

public List<User> getUsers(){
        List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            User user = new User();
            user.setId(String.valueOf(i));
            user.setName("向阳");
            user.setAge(16+i);
            user.setBirthday(new Date());
            user.setStatus(String.valueOf(i%2));
            user.setHobby(Arrays.asList("抽烟","喝酒","烫头"));
            user.setCard(new Card("11000103422323212342","北京市朝阳区"));
            users.add(user);
        }
        return users;
    }

*  **导出Excel**

//1.配置对象 2.导出类型 3.导出数据集合
    Workbook workbook = ExcelExportUtil.exportExcel(new ExportParams("用户列表", "测试"), User.class, getUsers());
    FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\86187\\Desktop\\user.xls");
    workbook.write(outputStream);
    outputStream.close();
    workbook.close();

![ea8c83215be9420cb0d18c720a5d0218.png][]

#### 导出图片 ####

> 1.  `- 往往随着业务不断变化,可能需要在导出excel时将图片信息也一并导出,如商品图标,用户头像信息等数据,这个时候easypoi该如何处理呢?`

@ExcelTarget("users")
    public class User implements Serializable {
        
        @Excel(name = "头像信息",type = 2,orderNum = "0",width = 12,height = 12)
        private String photo;//定义头像 直接写指定图片路径
    }

**准备图片放入指定路径中,并在测试数据中进行赋值**

public List<User> getUsers(){
        List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            User user = new User();
            user.setId(String.valueOf(i));
            user.setName("向阳");
            user.setAge(16+i);
            user.setBirthday(new Date());
            user.setStatus(String.valueOf(i%2));
            user.setHobby(Arrays.asList("抽烟","喝酒","烫头"));
            user.setCard(new Card("11000103422323212342","北京市朝阳区"));
            user.setPhoto("C:\\Users\\86187\\Desktop\\桌面.png");
            users.add(user);
        }
        return users;
    }

**导出Excel查看结果**![c7792ffe50b6402ebf0c98df4c47ec9c.png][]

### 导入Excel ###

#### 导入基本数据 ####

**1) 准备导入的目标Excel**

**2) 定义导出数据基本对象**

@Data
    @ExcelTarget("emps")
    public class Emp  implements Serializable {
    
        @Excel(name="编号")
        private String id;
        @Excel(name="姓名")
        private  String  name;
        @Excel(name="年龄")
        private Integer age;
        @Excel(name="生日",format = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
        private Date bir;
        @Excel(name="状态",replace = {"激活_1","未激活_0"})
        private String status;
    
        @Excel(name="头像",type = 2,savePath = "I:\\resources\\static")
        private String photo;
    }

**3) 导入excel中数据**

@Test
        public void testImportExcel()throws Exception{
    
            ImportParams params = new ImportParams();
            params.setTitleRows(1); //标题列占几行
            params.setHeadRows(1); //列名占几行
            params.setNeedSave(true);
            params.setSaveUrl("I:\\msb_hejiayun\\easypoi_boot\\src\\main\\resources\\static");
      
            List<Emp> list = ExcelImportUtil.importExcel(new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\86187\\Desktop\\emp.xls"), Emp.class, params);
            list.forEach(System.out::println);
        }

#### 多Sheet页导入导出 ####

> \- 读取指定的sheet  
> 比如要读取上传得第二个sheet 那么需要把startSheetIndex = 1 就可以了
> 
> \- 读取几个sheet  
> 比如读取前2个sheet,那么 sheetNum=2 就可以了
> 
> \- 读取第二个到第五个sheet  
> 设置 startSheetIndex = 1 然后sheetNum = 4
> 
> \- 读取全部的sheet  
> sheetNum 设置大点就可以了
> 
> \- 判断一个Excel是不是合法的Excel  
> importFields 设置下值,就是表示表头必须至少包含的字段,如果缺一个就是不合法的excel,不导入

##### 准备表格,创建对应实体 #####

![07bb1ee5fa964f5283378c35a1bfb0fc.png][]

@Data
    @ExcelTarget("loginUser")
    public class LoginUser implements Serializable {
    
        @Excel(name = "用户ID",orderNum = "1")
        private String id;
    
        @Excel(name = "昵称",orderNum = "2")
        private String nickname;
    
        @Excel(name = "密码",orderNum = "3")
        private String password;
    
        @Excel(name="注册时间",orderNum="4",format = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
        private Date createTime;
    
        @Excel(name ="状态" ,orderNum="5",replace = {"VIP_1","普通用户_0"})
        private String status;
    
    }

@Data
    @ExcelTarget("loginUrl")
    public class LoginUrl implements Serializable {
    
        @Excel(name = "用户ID",orderNum = "1")
        private String userId;
    
        @Excel(name = "请求类型",orderNum = "2")
        private String type;
    
        @Excel(name = "访问地址",orderNum = "3")
        private String url;
    }

####  ####

#### 多sheet导入方法 ####

/**
         * 功能描述：根据接收的Excel文件来导入多个sheet,根据索引可返回一个集合
         * @param filePath   导入文件路径
         * @param sheetIndex  导入sheet索引
         * @param titleRows  表标题的行数
         * @param headerRows 表头行数
         * @param pojoClass  Excel实体类
         * @return
         */
        public static <T> List<T> importMultiSheet(String filePath,int sheetIndex,Integer titleRows, Integer headerRows, Class<T> pojoClass) {
    
            // 根据file得到Workbook,主要是要根据这个对象获取,传过来的excel有几个sheet页
            ImportParams params = new ImportParams();
    
            // 第几个sheet页
            params.setStartSheetIndex(sheetIndex);
            params.setTitleRows(titleRows);
            params.setHeadRows(headerRows);
            
            //是否保存本次上传的excel
            params.setNeedSave(false);
    
            //表示表头必须包含的字段,不包含 就报错.
            params.setImportFields(new String[]{"用户ID"});
    
            List<T> list = null;
    
            try {
                list = ExcelImportUtil.importExcel(new FileInputStream(filePath), pojoClass, params);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
            return list;
        }

//测试多sheet导入
        @Test
        public void testImportMultiSheet() throws Exception {
    
            String excelPath = "C:\\Users\\86187\\Desktop\\login.xls";
    
            List<LoginUser> loginUserList = this.importMultiSheet(excelPath, 0, 1, 1, LoginUser.class);
            loginUserList.forEach(System.out::println);
    
            List<LoginUrl> loginUrlList = this.importMultiSheet(excelPath, 1, 1, 1, LoginUrl.class);
            loginUrlList.forEach(System.out::println);
    
        }

####  ####

#### 多sheet导出方法 ####

public void exportMultiSheet(Object... objects) throws Exception {
    
            //创建参数对象,用于设定Excel的sheet页内容等信息
            ExportParams loginUserExportParams = new ExportParams();
            //设置sheet的名称
            loginUserExportParams.setSheetName("登录用户");
            loginUserExportParams.setTitle("登录用户列表");
    
            //使用map创建sheet1
            HashMap<String, Object> sheet1Map = new HashMap<>();
            //设置title
            sheet1Map.put("title",loginUserExportParams);
            //设置导出的实体类型
            sheet1Map.put("entity",LoginUser.class);
            //sheet中要填充的数据
            sheet1Map.put("data",objects[0]);
    
            ///==================================
    
            //创建参数对象,用于设定Excel的sheet页内容等信息
            ExportParams loginUrlExportParams = new ExportParams();
            //设置sheet的名称
            loginUrlExportParams.setSheetName("URL路径");
            loginUrlExportParams.setTitle("URL路径");
    
            //使用map创建sheet2
            HashMap<String, Object> sheet2Map = new HashMap<>();
            //设置title
            sheet2Map.put("title",loginUrlExportParams);
            //设置导出的实体类型
            sheet2Map.put("entity",LoginUrl.class);
            //sheet中要填充的数据
            sheet2Map.put("data",objects[1]);
    
            //将sheet1和sheet2 进行包装
            List<Map<String,Object>> sheetList = new ArrayList<>();
            sheetList.add(sheet1Map);
            sheetList.add(sheet2Map);
    
            //执行方法
            Workbook workbook = ExcelExportUtil.exportExcel(sheetList, ExcelType.HSSF);
    
            FileOutputStream outputStream =
                    new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\86187\\Desktop\\exportLogin.xls");
            workbook.write(outputStream);
            outputStream.close();
            workbook.close();
        }

//测试多sheet导出
        @Test
        public void testExportMultiSheet() throws Exception {
    
    
            List<LoginUser> sheet1 = new ArrayList<>();
            sheet1.add(new LoginUser("1001", "向阳", "123456", new Date(), "0"));
            sheet1.add(new LoginUser("1002", "文渊", "123456", new Date(), "1"));
            sheet1.add(new LoginUser("1003", "小李", "123456", new Date(), "0"));
    
            List<LoginUrl> sheet2 = new ArrayList<>();
            sheet2.add(new LoginUrl("1001", "get", "http://127.0.0.1:8080"));
            sheet2.add(new LoginUrl("1001", "post", "http://127.0.0.1:8080/logingout"));
    
    
            exportMultiSheet(sheet1,sheet2);
        }

####  ####

### 集成web实现导入导出 ###

#### 前端代码 ####

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>导入excel的主页面</title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
    </head>
    <body>
    <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-md-12">
                <h1>选择Excel文件导入到数据中</h1>
                <form th:action="@{/course/importExcel}" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" class="form-inline">
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <input class="form-control" type="file" name="excelFile">
                        <input type="submit" class="btn btn-danger" value="导入数据">
                    </div>
                </form>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-12">
                <h1>显示导入数据列表</h1>
                <table class="table table-bordered" >
                    <tr>
                        <th>ID编号</th>
                        <th>订单编号</th>
                        <th>课程名称</th>
                        <th>课程简介</th>
                        <th>课程价格</th>
                    </tr>
                    <tr th:each="course : ${courses}">
                        <td th:text="${course.cid}"></td>
                        <td th:text="${course.orderno}"></td>
                        <td th:text="${course.cname}"></td>
                        <td th:text="${course.brief}"></td>
                        <td th:text="${course.price}"></td>
                    </tr>
                </table>
    
                <hr>
                <a th:href="@{/course/exportExcel}" class="btn btn-info" >导出excel</a>
    
            </div>
    
        </div>
    </div>
    </body>
    </html>

####  ####

#### Controller层 ####

@Controller
    @RequestMapping("/course")
    public class CourseController {
    
        @Autowired
        private CourseService courseService;
    
        @RequestMapping("/findAll")
        public String findAll(Model model){
            List<Course> courses = courseService.findAll();
            System.out.println(courses);
            model.addAttribute("courses",courses);
            return "index";
        }
    
    
        //导入Excel
        @RequestMapping("/importExcel")
        public String importExcel(MultipartFile excelFile) throws Exception {
            ImportParams params = new ImportParams();
            params.setTitleRows(1); //设置1级标题行为一行
            params.setHeadRows(1); //设置header标题行为一行
    
            List<Course> courseList = ExcelImportUtil.importExcel(excelFile.getInputStream(), Course.class, params);
            courseService.save(courseList);
            return "redirect:/course/findAll";
        }
    
    
        //导出Excel
        @RequestMapping("/exportExcel")
        public void exportExcel(HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception{
            //查询数据库的所有数据
            List<Course> courseList = courseService.findAll();
    
            //生成Excel
            Workbook workbook = ExcelExportUtil.exportExcel(new ExportParams("课程信息列表", "课程信息"),
                    Course.class, courseList);
            response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;fileName="+ URLEncoder.encode("课程信息列表.xls","UTF-8"));
            ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
            workbook.write(outputStream);
    
            outputStream.close();
            workbook.close();
        }
    
    }

#### Service层 ####

public interface CourseService  {
    
        //查询所有
        List<Course> findAll();
    
        //插入记录
        void save(List<Course> courses);
    }
    
    @Service
    public class CourseServiceImpl implements CourseService {
    
        @Autowired
        private CourseDao courseDao;
    
        @Override
        public List<Course> findAll() {
            return courseDao.findAll();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void save(List<Course> courses) {
            courses.forEach(course -> {
                course.setCid(null); //自动生成ID 不使用Excel中的编号
                courseDao.save(course);
            });
        }
    }

#### dao层 ####

@Mapper
    public interface CourseDao {
    
        //查询所有
        List<Course> findAll();
    
        //插入记录
        void save(Course course);
    }

#### XML ####

<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
    <mapper namespace="com.mashibing.mapper.CourseDao">
        
        <select id="findAll" resultType="Course">
            SELECT cid,orderno,cname,brief,price FROM course;
        </select>
    
        
        <insert id="save" parameterType="Course" >
            INSERT INTO course VALUES (#{cid},#{orderno},#{cname},#{brief},#{price})
        </insert>
    </mapper>

[EasyPoi_V1.0]: https://easypoi.mydoc.io/
[5750a12bdff649ddb26e8a062067d6b1.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/20e8c8efc4d947419b727a8efa6e7af7.png
[07726c967f244607be4155c83ae1bd76.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/60c6b622e27c46bdb87adb7a3076f1b7.png
[cd33eda0af274de4befa546e01c86943.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/b9f22f5cffe34feeba0614e432080a7c.png
[ea8c83215be9420cb0d18c720a5d0218.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/ff557de7e28f44eda980b870fe8c5ba4.png
[c7792ffe50b6402ebf0c98df4c47ec9c.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/a2544270edd6460297992dd9822ac2e9.png
[07bb1ee5fa964f5283378c35a1bfb0fc.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/d236b7b6158b4a94a739fb7408ddf986.png