Oracle 19c for centos7命令行静默安装最佳实践

系统管理员 2024-03-22 15:06 66阅读 0赞

## 概述 ##

Oracle 19c是一种关系型数据库管理系统，而CentOS 7是一种流行的Linux操作系统。在某些情况下，需要在CentOS 7上安装Oracle 19c，而命令行静默安装则是一种无需人工交互的安装方式，可以加快安装速度并减少错误发生的可能性。该安装方式需要使用特定的命令行参数和配置文件，以指定安装选项和配置信息。这种安装方式适用于需要在多个服务器上安装Oracle 19c的情况，可以通过自动化脚本实现批量安装。总之，采用命令行静默安装方式可以提高Oracle 19c在CentOS 7上的安装效率和准确性，是一种值得使用的安装方式。

## 1、环境 ##

### 1.1、配置本地YUM源 ###

mount -t auto /dev/cdrom  /mnt
    
    rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/
    
    mkdir -p /etc/yum.repos.d/
    
    cat >> /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo<<EOF
    
    [c7-media]
    
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
    
    baseurl=file:///mnt/
    
    gpgcheck=0
    
    enabled=1
    
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
    
    EOF
    
    yum clean all
    
    yum makecache

### 1.2、安装依赖包 ###

yum -y install gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static elfutils-libelf-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel libXext* unzip

### 1.3、创建用户组 ###

groupadd -g 1001 oinstall
    
    groupadd -g 1002 dba
    
    groupadd -g 1003 oper
    
    groupadd -g 1004 asmdba
    
    groupadd -g 1005 backupdba
    
    groupadd -g 1006 dgdba
    
    groupadd -g 1007 kmdba
    
    groupadd -g 1008 racdba
    
    
    useradd -u 1001 -m -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba oracle
    
    id oracle
    
    a=1
    
    echo oracle:$a|chpasswd

### 1.4、创建软件安装目录和数据库目录 ###

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
    
    chown -R oracle:oinstall  /u01
    
    chmod -R 775 /u01
    
    mkdir -p /oracle/oinstall
    
    chown -R oracle:oinstall  /oracle

### 1.5、准备其它条件 ###

hostnamectl set-hostname oracle19c
    
    cat >> /etc/hosts <<EOF
    
    17.21.68.132  oracle19c
    
    EOF
    
    cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF
    
    fs.file-max = 6815744 
    
    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 
    
    kernel.shmmni = 4096 
    
    kernel.shmall = 1073741824 
    
    kernel.shmmax = 6597069766656
    
    kernel.panic_on_oops = 1 
    
    net.core.rmem_default = 262144 
    
    net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 
    
    net.core.wmem_default = 262144 
    
    net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 
    
    #net.ipv4.conf.eth3.rp_filter = 2      
    
    #net.ipv4.conf.eth2.rp_filter = 2
    
    #net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 1 
    
    fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 
    
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
    
    EOF
    
    
    
    cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
    
    oracle soft nproc 2047
    
    oracle hard nproc 16384
    
    oracle soft nofile 65536
    
    oracle hard nofile 65536
    
    EOF
    
    
    
    cat >> /etc/pam.d/login <<EOF
    
    session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
    
    EOF
    
    
    
    cat >> /etc/profile <<EOF
    
    if [ \$USER = "oracle" ]; then
    
     if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
    
     ulimit -p 16384
    
     ulimit -n 65536
    
     else
    
     ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    
     fi
    
     umask 022
    
    fi
    
    EOF
    
    
    
    cat >> /etc/csh.login <<EOF
    
    if ( \$USER == "oracle" ) then
    
     limit maxproc 16384
    
     limit descriptors 65536
    
     umask 022
    
    endif
    
    EOF
    
    cat >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile<<EOF
    
    unset USERNAME
    
    export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
    
    export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/18.0/db
    
    export ORACLE_SID=orcl
    
    export PATH=\$PATH:\$HOME/bin:\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin:\$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin
    
    export ORACLE_PATH=\$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/sql:\$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
    
    export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
    
    export TNS_ADMIN=\$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
    
    export ORA_NLS10=\$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
    
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib
    
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
    
    export CLASSPATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
    
    export CLASSPATH=\${CLASSPATH}:\$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
    
    export CLASSPATH=\${CLASSPATH}:\$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
    
    export CLASSPATH=\${CLASSPATH}:\$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
    
    export THREADS_FLAG=native
    
    export TEMP=/tmp
    
    export TMPDIR=/tmp
    
    umask=022
    
    EOF
    
    su - oracle
    
    mkdir -p $ORACLE_HOME
    
    exit

### 1.7、关闭防火墙与selinux ###

systemctl status firewalld
    
    systemctl stop firewalld
    
    systemctl disable firewalld
    
    sed -i 's/=enforcing/=disabled/g'  /etc/selinux/config
    
    setenforce 0
    
    getenforce

### 1.8、解压数据库文件 ###

cd /oracle/
    
    unzip LINUX.X64_190000_db_home.zip
    
    /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0/db

## 2、安装数据库 ##

### 2.1、安装数据库软件 ###

cat >/tmp/db_install.rsp <<EOF
    
    oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v18.0.0
    
    oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
    
    UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
    
    INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
    
    ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0/db
    
    ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
    
    oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
    
    oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
    
    oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper
    
    oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=backupdba
    
    oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dgdba
    
    oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=kmdba
    
    oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=racdba
    
    EOF
    
    [oracle@oracle19c db]$ ./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /tmp/db_install.rsp

Launching Oracle Database Setup Wizard...

\[WARNING\] \[INS-13014\] Target environment does not meet some optional requirements.

CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. installActions2022-04-04\_03-47-48AM.log

ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: installActions2022-04-04\_03-47-48AM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual find the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.

The response file for this session can be found at:

/u01/app/oracle/product/18.0/db/install/response/db\_2022-04-04\_03-47-48AM.rsp

You can find the log of this install session at:

/tmp/InstallActions2022-04-04\_03-47-48AM/installActions2022-04-04\_03-47-48AM.log

As a root user, execute the following script(s):

1. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

2. /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0/db/root.sh

Execute /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh on the following nodes:

\[oracle19c\]

Execute /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0/db/root.sh on the following nodes:

\[oracle19c\]

Successfully Setup Software with warning(s).

Moved the install session logs to:

/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/InstallActions2022-04-04\_03-47-48AM

\[root@oracle19c ~\]\# sh /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

\[root@oracle19c ~\]\# sh /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0/db/root.sh

Check /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0/db/install/root\_oracle19c\_2022-04-04\_03-49-19-555893641.log for the output of root script

## 3、静默进行创建监听 ##

netca -silent -responsefile /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0/db/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

\[oracle@oracle19c db\]$ netca -silent -responsefile /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0/db/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

Parsing command line arguments:

Parameter "silent" = true

Parameter "responsefile" = /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0/db/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

Done parsing command line arguments.

Oracle Net Services Configuration:

Profile configuration complete.

Oracle Net Listener Startup:

Running Listener Control:

/u01/app/oracle/product/18.0/db/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER

Listener Control complete.

Listener started successfully.

Listener configuration complete.

Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

## 4、建立pdb类型数据库 ##

### 4.1、准备pdb响应文件 ###

mkdir /oradata
    
    chown oracle:oinstall /oradata
    
    touch /oracle/dbca_install.rsp
    
    cat >/oracle/dbca_install.rsp<<EOF
    
    responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v19.0
    
    gdbName=orcl
    
    sid=orcl
    
    databaseConfigType=SI
    
    createAsContainerDatabase=true
    
    numberOfPDBs=1
    
    pdbName=orclpdb
    
    templateName=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0/db/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc
    
    emExpressPort=5500
    
    omsPort=0
    
    characterSet=AL32UTF8
    
    listeners=LISTENER
    
    memoryPercentage=40
    
    automaticMemoryManagement=false
    
    totalMemory=0
    
    datafileDestination =/oradata
    
    EOF
    
    
    
    cat /oracle/dbca_install.rsp

### 4.2、dbca建库-pdb ###

dbca -silent -createDatabase  -responseFile  /oracle/dbca_install.rsp

\[oracle@oracle19c templates\]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /oracle/dbca\_install.rsp

Enter SYS user password:

Enter SYSTEM user password:

Enter PDBADMIN User Password:

Prepare for db operation

8% complete

Copying database files

31% complete

Creating and starting Oracle instance

32% complete

36% complete

40% complete

43% complete

46% complete

Completing Database Creation

51% complete

53% complete

54% complete

Creating Pluggable Databases

58% complete

77% complete

Executing Post Configuration Actions

100% complete

Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:

/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl.

Database Information:

Global Database Name:orcl

System Identifier(SID):orcl

Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details.

\[oracle@oracle19c templates\]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL\*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Apr 4 04:05:11 2022

Version 19.3.0.0.0

Connected to:

Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production

Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL> show pdbs

CON\_ID CON\_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED

\---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------

2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO

3 ORCLPDB READ WRITE NO

## 5、普通建库-不含pdb ##

### 5.1、准备响应文件 ###

cat >/oracle/dbca_nopdb.rsp<<EOF
    
    responseFileVersion=/oracle/assistants/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v12.2.0
    
    gdbName=oab
    
    sid=oab
    
    templateName=/u01/app/oracle/product/18.0/db/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc
    
    sysPassword=Oracle123
    
    oracleHomeUserPassword=Oracle123
    
    emExpressPort=5500
    
    totalMemory=1500
    
    sysPassword = Oracle123
    
    systemPassword = Oracle123
    
    datafileDestination =/oradata
    
    characterSet =ZHS16GBK
    
    nationalCharacterSet=AL16UTF16
    
    databaseType = OLTP
    
    automaticMemoryManagement = TRUE
    
    EOF

### 5.2、dbca建立普通库 ###

dbca -silent -createDatabase  -responseFile  /oracle/dbca_nopdb.rsp

\[oracle@oracle19c templates\]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /oracle/dbca\_nopdb.rsp