使用conda下载autopy和其他库

客官°小女子只卖身不卖艺 2024-03-17 19:19 35阅读 0赞

**目录**

**一、前言**

**二、创建conda虚拟环境和下载库**

**1、创建conda虚拟环境**

**2、换源**

**（1）pip换源**

**（2）conda换源**

**3、下载库**

**4、下载超时处理方法（如果你的库比较大，比如pytorch）**

**5、用conda下载包找不到的解决方法**

**（1）搜索库**

**（2）找到对应版本**

**（3）复制命令，进行下载**

**6、requirements.txt读取失败**

**7、autopy的下载报错！**

**三、总结**

--------------------

## 一、前言 ##

>  *  **今天，跑一个手势识别的开源项目，半天没有下载好！**
>  *  **就是因为作者没有表明版本号，呜呜呜！**
>  *  **其中，autopy的只能在3.5~3.8可以用！（并且这里还有一个坑！）**
>  *   **而我本地的是3.9，导致我得创建一个conda的虚拟环境（o(╥﹏╥)o）**
> 
> ![2903f5b1a1d643fd9aede0cf330843b1.png][]

## 二、创建conda虚拟环境和下载库 ##

> ![c0df605c34854525beefb5f6d7592c1c.png][]
> 
>  **不太会用可视化下载（舍弃）**
> 
> --------------------
> 
> ### 1、创建conda虚拟环境 ###
> 
>     #------------------------------------基本操作
>     1.默认路径下创建新环境
>     conda create -n test python=3.7(name自己取名、python版本自己指定)
>     
>     进阶：conda create --prefix=F:\condaenv\env_name python=3.7  #指定路径下创建环境
>     
>     2.查看当前有哪些环境
>     conda env list
>     
>     3.切换到新创建的环境
>     activate test  
>     
>     4.退出当前环境
>     conda deactivate
>     
>     5.删除环境
>     conda remove -n test --all
>     
>     6、镜像源重置
>     conda config --remove-key channels
> 
> ### 2、换源 ###
> 
> #### （1）pip换源 ####
> 
>     pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
>     pip config set install.trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com
> 
> #### （2）conda换源 ####
> 
> **其实这一步没必要（但是也贴出来吧~），我们后面都用pip下载！**
> 
> **踩坑：国产镜像站执行conda install opencv会报错误，说在现在的源列表中找不到opencv**
> 
> **而且，不止opencv，还有很多库都找不到！！！**
> 
>     # 清华源：
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/bioconda/
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/menpo/
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/pytorch/
>     
>     # 阿里源：
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/pkgs/free
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/pkgs/main
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/pkgs/msys2
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/pkgs/r
>      
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/Paddle
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/auto
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/biobakery
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/bioconda
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/c4aarch64
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/caffe2
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/deepmodeling
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/dglteam
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/fastai
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/fermi
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/idaholab
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/intel
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/matsci
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/menpo
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/mordred-descriptor
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/msys2
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/numba
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/ohmeta
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/omnia
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/plotly
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/psi4
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/pytorch
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/pytorch-test
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/pytorch3d
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/pyviz
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/qiime2
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/rapidsai
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/rdkit
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/simpleitk
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/stackless
>     conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/ursky
>      
>     conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
> 
>     # 镜像源重置
>     conda config --remove-key channels
> 
> ### 3、下载库 ###
> 
>     # conda下载（源列表中经常有库找不到！）请用pip
>     conda install --file requirements.txt
>     
>     # pip下载
>     pip install -r requirements.txt
> 
> **问题：这个pip是conda里面的么？**
> 
> **是的，pip通常是conda环境中可用的一个软件包。当您使用conda创建并激活环境时，conda会自动包含pip作为环境的一部分。**
> 
> **在激活conda环境后，可以直接在命令行中使用pip。这个pip与系统中全局安装的pip实例是相互独立的，它将在当前激活的conda环境中操作。这样可以确保您使用的pip与conda环境中其他包的版本兼容。**
> 
> **因此，在conda环境中使用pip与使用系统全局的pip是不同的，它被限定在您当前激活的conda环境中。**
> 
> **踩坑：我一度以为这个pip下载会用我全局的pip下载，导致下载到我的全局pip文件中！呜呜呜！**
> 
> --------------------
> 
> **一般情况下，这里安装完，就结束了！但是并没有，下面是遇到的坑的记录！！呜呜呜！**
> 
> --------------------
> 
> ### 4、下载超时处理方法（如果你的库比较大，比如pytorch） ###
> 
>     # conda下载设置时间（一般情况下，别用conda）
>     # 把连接超时的时间设置成40s，读取超时的时间修改成1000s
>     conda config --set remote_connect_timeout_secs 1000
>     conda config --set remote_read_timeout_secs 1000
>     
>     # pip设置超时参数，加长时间
>     pip --default-timeout=1000 install name
> 
> ### 5、用conda下载包找不到的解决方法 ###
> 
> **解决方法：去官网找对应版本的包（不推荐）**
> 
> **踩坑：当时看见conda报错，库找不到！！（报错如下）**
> 
>     (test) D:\pan\桌面\GestureInteraction-main>conda install --file 111.txt
>     Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
>     Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.
>     Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
>     Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.
>     
>     PackagesNotFoundError: The following packages are not available from current channels:
>     
>       - tf-estimator-nightly==2.8.0.dev2021122109
>       - pycaw==20181226
>       - pypiwin32==223
>       - pyttsx3==2.90
>       - mediapipe==0.8.9.1
>       - autopy[version='>=4.0.0']
>       - tensorflow==2.8.0
>       - opt-einsum==3.3.0
>       - opencv-contrib-python==4.5.5.64
>       - opencv-python==4.5.5.64
>       - tensorflow-io-gcs-filesystem==0.24.0
>     
>     Current channels:
>     
>       - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/pytorch/win-64
>       - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/pytorch/noarch
>     
>     
>     To search for alternate channels that may provide the conda package you're
>     looking for, navigate to
>     
>         https://anaconda.org
>     
>     and use the search bar at the top of the page
> 
> **我竟然还傻乎乎的去[https://anaconda.org][https_anaconda.org] 这个网址里面一个个找对应的版本，然后一个个执行下载命令！！！**
> 
> --------------------
> 
> #### **（1）搜索库** ####
> 
> ![a2fb4e82ee664210809e08cdab0418ff.png][]
> 
> #### （2）找到对应版本 ####
> 
> ![9279a6a15a564ff6a64e0649ee2664e3.png][]
> 
> #### （3）复制命令，进行下载 ####
> 
> ![1a95c5dce1b94da38878761e13fcb7c2.png][]
> 
>  **总结：conda下载太麻烦；还是用pip吧！！！**
> 
> --------------------
> 
> ### 6、requirements.txt读取失败 ###
> 
> **因为编码不是UTF-8！**
> 
> **解决方法：**
> 
> **（方法1）自己创建一个记事本，把原来文件中的内容拷贝过去，保存就可以了！**
> 
> **（方法2）直接修改源文件的编码方式！**
> 
>     (test) D:\pan\桌面\GestureInteraction-main>conda install --file requirements.txt
>     
>     CondaError: Error reading file, file should be a text file containing packages
>     conda create --help for details
> 
> ### 7、autopy的下载报错！ ###
> 
>     Building wheels for collected packages: autopy
>       Building wheel for autopy (setup.py) ... error
>       error: subprocess-exited-with-error
>     
>       × python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully.
>       │ exit code: 1
>       ╰─> [20 lines of output]
>           running bdist_wheel
>           running build
>           running build_py
>           creating build
>           creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-39
>           creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-39\autopy
>           copying autopy\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-39\autopy
>           running build_ext
>           running build_rust
>           error: can't find Rust compiler
>     
>           If you are using an outdated pip version, it is possible a prebuilt wheel is available for this package but pip is not able to install from it. Installing from the wheel would avoid the need for a Rust compiler.
>     
>           To update pip, run:
>     
>               pip install --upgrade pip
>     
>           and then retry package installation.
>     
>           If you did intend to build this package from source, try installing a Rust compiler from your system package manager and ensure it is on the PATH during installation. Alternatively, rustup (available at https://rustup.rs) is the recommended way to download and update the Rust compiler toolchain.
>           [end of output]
>     
>       note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
>       ERROR: Failed building wheel for autopy
>       Running setup.py clean for autopy
>       error: subprocess-exited-with-error
>     
>       × python setup.py clean did not run successfully.
>       │ exit code: 1
>       ╰─> [17 lines of output]
>           running clean
>           removing 'build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-39' (and everything under it)
>           'build\bdist.win-amd64' does not exist -- can't clean it
>           'build\scripts-3.9' does not exist -- can't clean it
>           removing 'build'
>           running clean_rust
>           error: can't find Rust compiler
>     
>           If you are using an outdated pip version, it is possible a prebuilt wheel is available for this package but pip is not able to install from it. Installing from the wheel would avoid the need for a Rust compiler.
>     
>           To update pip, run:
>     
>               pip install --upgrade pip
>     
>           and then retry package installation.
>     
>           If you did intend to build this package from source, try installing a Rust compiler from your system package manager and ensure it is on the PATH during installation. Alternatively, rustup (available at https://rustup.rs) is the recommended way to download and update the Rust compiler toolchain.
>           [end of output]
>     
>       note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
>       ERROR: Failed cleaning build dir for autopy
>     Failed to build autopy
>     ERROR: Could not build wheels for autopy, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects
> 
> **解决方法：下载【rust编译器】，重启【命令提示符】**
> 
> **（1）下载rust编译器**
> 
>  *  **从系统软件包管理器中安装Rust编译器，并确保它在安装过程中被添加到了系统的`PATH`环境变量中。（他可以自动给你添加）**
>  *  **使用rustup工具链管理器（下载地址：**[rustup.rs - The Rust toolchain installer][]**）下载和更新Rust编译器工具链。**
> 
> ![e1b19132b41f482ea89de48529eaaaa4.png][]
> 
> ![6f9c6846ef214291b14c9e92856fc823.png][]
> 
>  **点击运行**
> 
> ![65a2ef3c1cb04f1c8a3f49adcf2212a5.png][]
> 
>  **（2）重启命令提示符，继续用pip安装即可！**

## 三、总结 ##

> **1、conda创建虚拟环境后，用pip安装包！（别用conda）**
> 
> **2、当项目没有说明环境时，并且某些包就是按照不上，那么请注意python版本不兼容问题**
> 
> **3、有些包，需要下载额外的编译器，不用惊慌，根据提示下载就好**
> 
> **4、记得换源**

[2903f5b1a1d643fd9aede0cf330843b1.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/d54a0b03289643dda08fb5a30a116f13.png
[c0df605c34854525beefb5f6d7592c1c.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/271af922aaf946e69cfdff28b215a24f.png
[https_anaconda.org]: https://anaconda.org/
[a2fb4e82ee664210809e08cdab0418ff.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/a9789ea785b1449b935bd8a3581efd56.png
[9279a6a15a564ff6a64e0649ee2664e3.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/16a0d00feb1a4da9a2cef24351dcadc6.png
[1a95c5dce1b94da38878761e13fcb7c2.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/8cc55251a8084fa2914f3befcac0aa6f.png
[rustup.rs - The Rust toolchain installer]: https://rustup.rs/
[e1b19132b41f482ea89de48529eaaaa4.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/02d8ed03f5224c0b962890949ebecb12.png
[6f9c6846ef214291b14c9e92856fc823.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/199c22ec671e486aa86ae5ef7a8aa06f.png
[65a2ef3c1cb04f1c8a3f49adcf2212a5.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/d4aa34576a4740bdaa2b7abf600c0920.png